| |
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
Rilling, M.E.; Neiworth, J.J. |
|
| |
Title |
How animals use images |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Science Progress |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Prog |
|
| |
Volume |
75 |
Issue |
298 Pt 3-4 |
Pages |
439-452 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; Association Learning; Columbidae; *Concept Formation; *Imagination; *Mental Recall; Motion Perception; Problem Solving; *Thinking; *Visual Perception |
|
| |
Abstract |
Animal cognition is a field within experimental psychology in which cognitive processes formerly studied exclusively with people have been demonstrated in animals. Evidence for imagery in the pigeon emerges from the experiments described here. The pigeon's task was to discriminate, by pecking the appropriate choice key, between a clock hand presented on a video screen that rotated clockwise with constant velocity from a clock hand that violated constant velocity. Imagery was defined by trials on which the line rotated from 12.00 o'clock to 3.00 o'clock, then disappeared during a delay, and reappeared at a final stop location beyond 3.00 o'clock. After acquisition of a discrimination with final stop locations at 3.00 o'clock and 6.00 o'clock, the evidence for imagery was the accurate responding of the pigeons to novel locations at 4.00 o'clock and 7.00 o'clock. Pigeons display evidence of imagery by transforming a representation of movement that includes a series of intermediate steps which accurately represent the location of a moving stimulus after it disappears. |
|
| |
Address |
Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824 |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN  |
0036-8504 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:1842858 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2831 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
de Waal, F.B. |
|
| |
Title |
The end of nature versus nurture |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Scientific American |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Am |
|
| |
Volume |
281 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
94-99 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior; Behavior, Animal; Ecology; *Environment; Ethology; Evolution; Female; *Genetics; Humans; Instinct; Learning; Male; Sex Characteristics; Twin Studies |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
Living Links Center, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Atlanta, USA |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0036-8733 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:10614071 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
192 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Rizzolatti, G.; Fogassi, L.; Gallese, V. |
|
| |
Title |
Mirrors of the mind |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Scientific American |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Am |
|
| |
Volume |
295 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
54-61 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; Brain/*physiology; Cognition/*physiology; Discrimination (Psychology)/physiology; Emotions/physiology; Humans; Imitative Behavior; Learning/*physiology; Mental Processes/*physiology; Motor Activity/physiology; Neurons/physiology; Recognition (Psychology); Sensation/physiology |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
Neurosciences Department, University of Parma, Italy |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0036-8733 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:17076084 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2829 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Van Schaik, C. |
|
| |
Title |
Why are some animals so smart? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Scientific American |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Am |
|
| |
Volume |
294 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
64-71 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition; Conditioning (Psychology); Culture; Environment; Equipment and Supplies; Evolution; Indonesia; *Intelligence; Learning; Pongo pygmaeus/*physiology; Social Behavior |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Switzerland |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0036-8733 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:16596881 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2830 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Friedberger, J.C. |
|
| |
Title |
Modern horse training methods--what is justifiable? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1970 |
Publication |
The Veterinary Record |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet. Rec. |
|
| |
Volume |
87 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
229-231 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Ethics; *Horses; Learning |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0042-4900 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:5529870 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1967 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Reznikova, Z.I. |
|
| |
Title |
[The study of tool use as the way for general estimation of cognitive abilities in animals] |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Zhurnal Obshchei Biologii |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zh Obshch Biol |
|
| |
Volume |
67 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
3-22 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; *Cognition; Learning; Pattern Recognition, Physiological; Species Specificity |
|
| |
Abstract |
Investigation of tool use is an effective way to determine cognitive abilities of animals. This approach raises hypotheses, which delineate limits of animal's competence in understanding of objects properties and interrelations and the influence of individual and social experience on their behaviour. On the basis of brief review of different models of manipulation with objects and tools manufacturing (detaching, subtracting and reshaping) by various animals (from elephants to ants) in natural conditions the experimental data concerning tool usage was considered. Tool behaviour of anumals could be observed rarely and its distribution among different taxons is rather odd. Recent studies have revealed that some species (for instance, bonobos and tamarins) which didn't manipulate tools in wild life appears to be an advanced tool users and even manufacturers in laboratory. Experimental studies of animals tool use include investigation of their ability to use objects physical properties, to categorize objects involved in tool activity by its functional properties, to take forces affecting objects into account, as well as their capacity of planning their actions. The crucial question is whether animals can abstract general principles of relations between objects regardless of the exact circumstances, or they develop specific associations between concerete things and situations. Effectiveness of laboratory methods is estimated in the review basing on comparative studies of tool behaviour, such as “support problem”, “stick problem”, “tube- and tube-trap problem”, and “reserve tube problem”. Levels of social learning, the role of imprinting, and species-specific predisposition to formation of specific domains are discussed. Experimental investigation of tool use allows estimation of the individuals' intelligence in populations. A hypothesis suggesting that strong predisposition to formation of specific associations can serve as a driving force and at the same time as obstacle to animals' activity is discussed. In several “technically gifted” species (such as woodpecker finches, New Caledonian crows, and chimpanzees) tool use seems to be guided by a rapid process of trial and error learning. Individuals that are predisposed to learn specific connections do this too quickly and thus become enslaved by stereotypic solutions of raising problems. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
Russian |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0044-4596 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:16521567 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2857 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Krzeminska, W. |
|
| |
Title |
[The child learns about the world] |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Pielegniarka i polozna |
Abbreviated Journal |
Pieleg Polozna |
|
| |
Volume |
|
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
24-25 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Child; *Child Development; Child, Preschool; Humans; *Learning |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
Polish |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
Dziecko poznaje swiat |
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0048-4148 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:260249 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
43 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Shettleworth, S.J. |
|
| |
Title |
Foraging, memory, and constraints on learning |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
|
| |
Volume |
443 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
216-226 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild; *Appetitive Behavior; *Avoidance Learning; Birds; *Conditioning, Classical; Discrimination Learning; Food Preferences; *Memory; *Mental Recall; Motivation; *Predatory Behavior; Rats; *Taste |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0077-8923 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:3860072 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
384 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
de Wall, F.B.; Aureli, F. |
|
| |
Title |
Conflict resolution and distress alleviation in monkeys and apes |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
|
| |
Volume |
807 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
317-328 |
|
| |
Keywords |
*Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; Arousal; *Conflict (Psychology); Empathy; Haplorhini/*psychology; Hominidae/*psychology; Humans; Learning; Models, Psychological; *Social Behavior; Stress, Psychological |
|
| |
Abstract |
Research on nonhuman primates has produced compelling evidence for reconciliation and consolation, that is, postconflict contacts that serve to respectively repair social relationships and reassure distressed individuals, such as victims of attack. This has led to a view of conflict and conflict resolution as an integrated part of social relationships, hence determined by social factors and modifiable by the social environment. Implications of this new model of social conflict are discussed along with evidence for behavioral flexibility, the value of cooperation, and the possibility that distress alleviation rests on empathy, a capacity that may be present in chimpanzees and humans but not in most other animals. |
|
| |
Address |
Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. dewaal@rmy.emory.edu |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0077-8923 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:9071360 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
2882 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Fox, N.A. |
|
| |
Title |
Temperament and early experience form social behavior |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
|
| |
Volume |
1038 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
171-178 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Adult; Animals; Child; Child Behavior Disorders/physiopathology; Fear/physiology; Humans; Individuality; Infant; Learning/*physiology; *Personality Development; *Social Behavior; Temperament/*physiology |
|
| |
Abstract |
Individual differences in the way persons respond to stimulation can have important consequences for their ability to learn and their choice of vocation. Temperament is the study of such individual differences, being thought of as the behavioral style of an individual. Common to all approaches in the study of temperament are the notions that it can be identified in infancy, is fairly stable across development, and influences adult personality. We have identified a specific temperament type in infancy that involves heightened distress to novel and unfamiliar stimuli. Infants who exhibit this temperament are likely, as they get older, to display behavioral inhibition-wariness and heightened vigilance of the unfamiliar-particularly in social situations. Our work has also described the underlying biology of this temperament and has linked it to neural systems supporting fear responses in animals. Children displaying behavioral inhibition are at-risk for behavioral problems related to anxiety and social withdrawal. |
|
| |
Address |
Institute for Child Study, Department of Human Development, University of Maryland, 3304 Benjamin Building, College Park, MD 20742-1131, USA. nf4@umail.umd.edu |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0077-8923 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:15838111 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4131 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
