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Author |
de Waal, F.B.M. |
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Title |
Silent invasion: Imanishi's primatology and cultural bias in science |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
293-299 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Culture; Ecosystem; History, 20th Century; Philosophy; Portraits; *Prejudice; Primates/*psychology; Psychology, Comparative/*history; Research Design/trends |
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Living Links, Yerkes Primate Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. dewaal@emory.edu |
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1435-9448 |
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PMID:14551801 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
178 |
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Author |
Tomasello, M.; Call, J. |
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Title |
The role of humans in the cognitive development of apes revisited |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
213-215 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; Culture; Hominidae/*psychology; Humans; *Imitative Behavior; Imprinting (Psychology); *Intention; Social Behavior; *Social Environment; Species Specificity |
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Address |
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. tomas@eva.mpg.de |
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1435-9448 |
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Notes |
PMID:15278733 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2517 |
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Author |
Biro, D.; Inoue-Nakamura, N.; Tonooka, R.; Yamakoshi, G.; Sousa, C.; Matsuzawa, T. |
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Title |
Cultural innovation and transmission of tool use in wild chimpanzees: evidence from field experiments |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
213-223 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Cooking and Eating Utensils; *Culture; *Diffusion of Innovation; *Feeding Behavior/psychology; Female; Functional Laterality; *Imitative Behavior; Male; Motor Skills; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; *Social Environment |
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Abstract |
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are the most proficient and versatile users of tools in the wild. How such skills become integrated into the behavioural repertoire of wild chimpanzee communities is investigated here by drawing together evidence from three complementary approaches in a group of oil-palm nut- ( Elaeis guineensis) cracking chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea. First, extensive surveys of communities adjacent to Bossou have shown that population-specific details of tool use, such as the selection of species of nuts as targets for cracking, cannot be explained purely on the basis of ecological differences. Second, a 16-year longitudinal record tracing the development of nut-cracking in individual chimpanzees has highlighted the importance of a critical period for learning (3-5 years of age), while the similar learning contexts experienced by siblings have been found to result in near-perfect (13 out of 14 dyads) inter-sibling correspondence in laterality. Third, novel data from field experiments involving the introduction of unfamiliar species of nuts to the Bossou group illuminates key aspects of both cultural innovation and transmission. We show that responses of individuals toward the novel items differ markedly with age, with juveniles being the most likely to explore. Furthermore, subjects are highly specific in their selection of conspecifics as models for observation, attending to the nut-cracking activities of individuals in the same age group or older, but not younger than themselves. Together with the phenomenon of inter-community migration, these results demonstrate a mechanism for the emergence of culture in wild chimpanzees. |
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Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan. dora.biro@zoology.oxford.ac.uk |
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Springer-Verlag |
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English |
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1435-9448 |
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Notes |
PMID:12898285 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2560 |
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Author |
Whiten, A.; Goodall, J.; McGrew, W.C.; Nishida, T.; Reynolds, V.; Sugiyama, Y.; Tutin, C.E.; Wrangham, R.W.; Boesch, C. |
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Title |
Cultures in chimpanzees |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
399 |
Issue |
6737 |
Pages |
682-685 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition; *Culture; Humans; Pan troglodytes/*physiology; Species Specificity |
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Abstract |
As an increasing number of field studies of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) have achieved long-term status across Africa, differences in the behavioural repertoires described have become apparent that suggest there is significant cultural variation. Here we present a systematic synthesis of this information from the seven most long-term studies, which together have accumulated 151 years of chimpanzee observation. This comprehensive analysis reveals patterns of variation that are far more extensive than have previously been documented for any animal species except humans. We find that 39 different behaviour patterns, including tool usage, grooming and courtship behaviours, are customary or habitual in some communities but are absent in others where ecological explanations have been discounted. Among mammalian and avian species, cultural variation has previously been identified only for single behaviour patterns, such as the local dialects of song-birds. The extensive, multiple variations now documented for chimpanzees are thus without parallel. Moreover, the combined repertoire of these behaviour patterns in each chimpanzee community is itself highly distinctive, a phenomenon characteristic of human cultures but previously unrecognised in non-human species. |
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Address |
Scottish Primate Research Group, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, UK |
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English |
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ISSN |
0028-0836 |
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Notes |
PMID:10385119 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
742 |
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Author |
Matsuzawa, T. |
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Title |
The Ai project: historical and ecological contexts |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
199-211 |
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Keywords |
Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; *Culture; Discrimination Learning; Ecology; Female; History, 20th Century; Imitative Behavior; *Learning; Male; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Research/history |
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Abstract |
This paper aims to review a long-term research project exploring the chimpanzee mind within historical and ecological contexts. The Ai project began in 1978 and was directly inspired by preceding ape-language studies conducted in Western countries. However, in contrast with the latter, it has focused on the perceptual and cognitive capabilities of chimpanzees rather than communicative skills between humans and chimpanzees. In the original setting, a single chimpanzee faced a computer-controlled apparatus and performed various kinds of matching-to-sample discrimination tasks. Questions regarding the chimpanzee mind can be traced back to Wolfgang Koehler's work in the early part of the 20th century. Yet, Japan has its unique natural and cultural background: it is home to an indigenous primate species, the Japanese snow monkey. This fact has contributed to the emergence of two previous projects in the wild led by the late Kinji Imanishi and his students. First, the Koshima monkey project began in 1948 and became famous for its discovery of the cultural propagation of sweet-potato washing behavior. Second, pioneering work in Africa, starting in 1958, aimed to study great apes in their natural habitat. Thanks to the influence of these intellectual ancestors, the present author also undertook the field study of chimpanzees in the wild, focusing on tool manufacture and use. This work has demonstrated the importance of social and ecological perspectives even for the study of the mind. Combining experimental approaches with a field setting, the Ai project continues to explore cognition and behavior in chimpanzees, while its focus has shifted from the study of a single subject toward that of the community as a whole. |
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Address |
Section of Language and Intelligence, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan. matsuzaw@pri.kyoto-u.ac.jp |
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English |
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1435-9448 |
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Notes |
PMID:14566577 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2552 |
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Author |
Curtis, S.E.; Stricklin, W.R. |
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Title |
The importance of animal cognition in agricultural animal production systems: an overview |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
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Volume |
69 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
5001-5007 |
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Keywords |
*Agriculture; Animal Population Groups/*psychology; *Animal Welfare; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; Heat; Helplessness, Learned; Housing, Animal/standards; Immobilization; Nesting Behavior; Pain/psychology/veterinary |
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Abstract |
To describe and then fulfill agricultural animals' needs, we must learn more about their fundamental psychological and behavioral processes. How does this animal feel? Is that animal suffering? Will we ever be able to know these things? Scientists specializing in animal cognition say that there are numerous problems but that they can be overcome. Recognition by scientists of the notion of animal awareness has been increasing in recent years, because of the work of Griffin and others. Feeling, thinking, remembering, and imagining are cognitive processes that are factors in the economic and humane production of agricultural animals. It has been observed that the animal welfare debate depends on two controversial questions: Do animals have subjective feelings? If they do, can we find indicators that reveal them? Here, indirect behavioral analysis approaches must be taken. Moreover, the linear additivity of several stressor effects on a variety of animal traits suggests that some single phenomenon is acting as a “clearinghouse” for many or all of the stresses acting on an animal at any given time, and this phenomenon might be psychological stress. Specific situations animals may encounter in agricultural production settings are discussed with respect to the animals' subjective feelings. |
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University of Illinois, Urbana 61801 |
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ISSN |
0021-8812 |
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Notes |
PMID:1808193 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2754 |
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Author |
Whiten, A.; Boesch, C. |
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Title |
The cultures of chimpanzees |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Scientific American |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Am |
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Volume |
284 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
60-67 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Culture; Feeding Behavior; Grooming; Hominidae; Humans; Pan troglodytes/*physiology |
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University of St. Andrews |
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0036-8733 |
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PMID:11132425 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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740 |
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Author |
de Waal, F.B.M. |
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Title |
Peace lessons from an unlikely source |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
PLoS biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS. Biol. |
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Volume |
2 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
E101 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Behavior; Behavior, Animal; Culture; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Research; Social Conditions; Social Environment; United States; *Violence |
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Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. dewaal@emory.edu |
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ISSN |
1545-7885 |
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PMID:15094805 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
174 |
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Author |
de Waal, F.B.M. |
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Title |
Darwin's legacy and the study of primate visual communication |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
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1000 |
Issue |
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Pages |
7-31 |
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Keywords |
Affect; Aggression/psychology; Animals; Culture; *Evolution; *Facial Expression; Gestures; Grooming; Humans; Laughter; *Nonverbal Communication; Primates/*physiology; Smiling; *Visual Perception |
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Abstract |
After Charles Darwin's The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, published in 1872, we had to wait 60 years before the theme of animal expressions was picked up by another astute observer. In 1935, Nadezhda Ladygina-Kohts published a detailed comparison of the expressive behavior of a juvenile chimpanzee and of her own child. After Kohts, we had to wait until the 1960s for modern ethological analyses of primate facial and gestural communication. Again, the focus was on the chimpanzee, but ethograms on other primates appeared as well. Our understanding of the range of expressions in other primates is at present far more advanced than that in Darwin's time. A strong social component has been added: instead of focusing on the expressions per se, they are now often classified according to the social situations in which they typically occur. Initially, quantitative analyses were sequential (i.e., concerned with temporal associations between behavior patterns), and they avoided the language of emotions. I will discuss some of this early work, including my own on the communicative repertoire of the bonobo, a close relative of the chimpanzee (and ourselves). I will provide concrete examples to make the point that there is a much richer matrix of contexts possible than the common behavioral categories of aggression, sex, fear, play, and so on. Primate signaling is a form of negotiation, and previous classifications have ignored the specifics of what animals try to achieve with their exchanges. There is also increasing evidence for signal conventionalization in primates, especially the apes, in both captivity and the field. This process results in group-specific or “cultural” communication patterns. |
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Yerkes Primate Center, and Psychology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. dewaal@emory.edu |
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0077-8923 |
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PMID:14766618 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
177 |
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