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Author Dugatkin, L.A.; Godin, J.-G.J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Female mate copying in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata): age-dependent effects Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication Behavioral Ecology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol.  
  Volume 4 Issue 4 Pages (down) 289-292  
  Keywords mate choice, copying, guppy, Poecilia reticulata  
  Abstract Virtually all studies of mate choice to date have assumed that females choose mates independent of one another. Social cues, however, such as the mate choice of conspecifics, may also play an important role in such decisions. Previous work has shown that female guppies of similar age copy each other's choice of mates. Here we examine the effect of relative age on mate choice copying in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata, and examine whether younger individuals are more likely to copy the mate choice of older conspecifics than vice versa. Results indicate that younger females copy the mate choice of older females, but older individuals do not appear to be influenced by the mate choice of younger individuals.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2181  
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Author SYLVAIN GAGNON,FRANCOISY. DORE openurl 
  Title Search behavior of dogs (Canis familiaris) in invisible displacement problems Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication Animal Learning & Behavior Abbreviated Journal Anim Learn. & Behav.  
  Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages (down) 246-254  
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  Abstract Gagnon and Dor (1992) showed that domestic dogs are able to solve a Piagetian object permanence

task called the invisible displacement problem. A toy is hidden in a container which is

moved behind a screen where the toy is removed and left. Dogs make more errors in these problems

than they do in visible displacement tests, in which the object is hidden directly behind

the target screen. In Experiment 1, we examinedcomponents ofthe standard procedure of invisible

displacements that may make encoding or retention of the hiding location more difficult than

it is in visible displacements. In Experiment 2, we compared dogs performances in visible and

invisible displacement problems when delays of 0, 10, and 20 sec were introduced between the

objects final disappearance and the subjects release. The results revealed that dogs poorer performance

in invisible displacement tests is related to the complex sequence of events that have

to be encoded or remembered as well as to a difficulty in representing the position change that

is signaled, but not directly perceived.		  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 538  
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Author Veissier, I. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Observational learning in cattle Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages (down) 235-243  
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  Abstract Four experiments were designed to find evidence of observational learning in cattle. The experiments were run on ten experimental heifers, each observing a demonstrator mate performing a task, and on ten control heifers, each observing a non-demonstrator mate. The mates and observers were separated by wire netting in Experiments 1-3, but were in the same room in Experiment 4. The task to be learned was to push a panel to get food into a box. All naive animals were able to observe while their mate performed the task. The observers in Experiments 1 and 4 were Salers heifers that had no prior experience of the testing room; those in Experiment 2 were Salers heifers that were accustomed to the room; those in Experiment 3 were Aubrac or Limousin heifers that had already eaten in the room.

The behaviour of the observers was influenced by their mates: activity at or near the boxes was enhanced by the presence of demonstrators in Experiment 2 (box contacts: 38.0 +/- 16.2 vs. 22.1 +/- 11.9 for experimental and control heifers, respectively; P<0.05), while activity in other parts of the room in Experiment 3 was enhanced when non-demonstrator mates were present (wall sniffing: 5.4 +/- 13.9 vs. 13.9 +/- 13.7; P<0.05). Overall, 26 experimental heifers vs. 19 controls learned the task (P>0.05). The time spent eating was longer when the observer only had visual contact with a demonstrator (Experiment 1: 15.9 +/- 1.6 vs. 11.6 +/- 1.8 min), but was lower when physical contacts with the demonstrator were possible (Experiment 4: 4.6 +/- 8.8 vs. 5.4 +/- 2.2 min; P<0.05).

Ten out of the 11 Limousin heifers learned the task, compared with only three out of the nine Aubrac heifers (P<0.05). The latter spent more time near the door and sniffed the walls more often than the former (2.0 +/- 1.9 vs. 0.4 +/- 0.6 min, P<0.05, and 18.1 +/- 13.4 vs. 2.7 +/- 6.5 min, P<0.01), as though they were trying to flee the situation.

When animals observed a demonstrator, their attention was drawn to stimuli involved in the task but acquisition of knowledge was not greatly improved.		  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour Team @ birgit.flauger @ Serial 4325  
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Author RÖHRS, M.; EBINGER, P. openurl 
  Title Progressive und regressive Hirngrößenveränderungen bei Equiden Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication Abbreviated Journal Z zool Syst Evolut forsch  
  Volume 31 Issue Pages (down) 233-239  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 1513  
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Author Genov, P.W.; Kostava, V. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Untersuchungen zur zahlenmäßigen Stärke des Wolfes und seiner Einwirkung auf die Haustierbestände in Bulgarien Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication Zeitschrift für Jagdwissenschaft Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages (down) 217-223  
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  Abstract Die Untersuchung wurde in der Zeitspanne von 1984 bis 1988 durchgeführt. Es wurden die Protokolle des Staatlichen Versicherungsinstituts benutzt, die Angaben für Raubüberfälle von Wölfen auf Haustiere beinhalten (Tabelle 1). Außerdem wurden Angaben über die während dieser Zeitspanne erlegten Wölfe zusammengefaßt. Die Abschußzahlen lauten: 1984 – 163, 1985 – 147, 1986 – 179, 1987 – 211 und 1988 – 220 Tiere. Die Anzahl der in den einzelnen Gebirgen lebenden Wölfe wurde nach einer Umfrage festgestellt. Für die in Betracht kommenden Gebirge werden folgende Bestandszahlen angenommen: Rhodopen -- 60-80 Individuen, 189 bis 264 km2 pro Tier, Rila- und Piringebirge -- 60-80 Tiere, 109 bis 145 km2 pro Tier, Ossogowo-Belassiza Gebirgssystem -- 40-50 Individuen, 57-70 km2 pro Tier, West- und Mittelbalkan -- 35-38 Wölfe, 200 km2 pro Tier. Dazu kommen noch 10-15 Wölfe im Flußbecken von Beli Lom und etwa 20 Exemplare in Strandscha- und Sakargebirge. Insgesamt lebten in Bulgarien im Jahre 1988 etwa 260-330 Wölfe (Abb. 1).  
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  ISSN 1439-0574 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Genov1993 Serial 6686  
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Author Mitchell R openurl 
  Title Mental models of mirror self-recognition: two theories Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication New Ideas Psychol. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 11 Issue Pages (down) 211  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3019  
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Author Petherick, J.C.; Seawright, E.; Waddington, D. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Influence of motivational state on choice of food or a dustbathing/foraging substrate by domestic hens Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages (down) 209-220  
  Keywords Food; Learning; Litter; Motivation; Poultry; Preference  
  Abstract Domestic hens were trained to run a Y-maze and make an association between differently coloured doorways and access to food pellets or sand. The hens were tested for their choice of doorway when the goals were not visible from the choice point and when they were food or sand deprived. Hens made the choice appropriate to their deprivation state (correct choice) significantly more often for food than sand and were faster at choosing and entering the goal box when food deprived. In a follow up experiment, the goals were visible from the choice point. Again the hens chose correctly significantly more often when food than sand deprived and made the choice and entered the goal box faster when food deprived. Thus, failure to choose sand in the first experiment was not due to an inability to learn the association, but appears to result from a strong motivation to feed in the Y-maze, even when not food deprived, and a weak motivation to dustbathe or forage, even when sand deprived.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3608  
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Author Ratzlaff, M.H.; Wilson, P.D.; Hyde, M.L.; Balch, O.K.; Grant, B.D. openurl 
  Title Relationship between locomotor forces, hoof position and joint motion during the support phase of the stride of galloping horses Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication Acta Anatomica Abbreviated Journal Acta Anat (Basel)  
  Volume 146 Issue 2-3 Pages (down) 200-204  
  Keywords Animals; Equipment Design; Hoof and Claw/*physiology; Horses/*physiology; Joints/*physiology; *Locomotion; Motor Activity/*physiology; Physiology/instrumentation; *Posture; Shoes; Transducers  
  Abstract Three methods were used simultaneously to determine the relationships between the vertical forces exerted on the hooves and the positions of the limbs and hooves at the times of peak vertical forces from 2 horses galloping on a track straightaway. Vertical forces were recorded from an instrumented shoe, fetlock joint motion was measured with an electrogoniometer and the angles of the carpus, fetlock and hoof were determined from slow-motion films. At hoof contact, the mean angles of the carpus and fetlock were 181-182 degrees and 199-206 degrees, respectively. Peak vertical forces on the heel occurred at or near maximum extension of the carpal and fetlock joints. Peak forces on the toe occurred during flexion of the fetlock joint and at mean hoof angles of 28-31 degrees from the horizontal. The mean angles of the hoof from the horizontal at the time of heel contact were 6-7 degrees. Hoof lift occurred at mean carpal angles of 173-174 degrees and mean fetlock angles of 199-200 degrees.  
  Address Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6520  
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  ISSN 0001-5180 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:8470468 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 1945  
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Author Mellor, P.S. openurl 
  Title African horse sickness: transmission and epidemiology Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication Veterinary Research Abbreviated Journal Vet Res  
  Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages (down) 199-212  
  Keywords Africa, Northern/epidemiology; African Horse Sickness/epidemiology/*transmission; African horse sickness virus/*physiology; Animals; Arachnid Vectors/microbiology; Ceratopogonidae/*microbiology; Culicidae/microbiology; Horses; Insect Vectors/*microbiology; Portugal/epidemiology; Spain/epidemiology; Ticks/microbiology  
  Abstract African horse sickness (AHS) virus causes a non-contagious, infectious, arthropod-borne disease of equines and occasionally of dogs. The virus is widely distributed across sub-Saharan African where it is transmitted between susceptible vertebrate hosts by the vectors. These are usually considered to be species of Culicoides biting midges but mosquitoes and/or ticks may also be involved to a greater or lesser extent. Periodically the virus makes excursions beyond its sub-Saharan enzootic zones but until recently does not appear to have been able to maintain itself outside these areas for more than 2-3 consecutive years at most. This is probably due to a number of factors including the apparent absence of a long term vertebrate reservoir, the prevalence and seasonal incidence of the vectors and the efficiency of control measures (vaccination and vector abatement). The recent AHS epizootics in Iberia and N Africa spanning as they do, 5 or more yr, seem to have established a new pattern in AHS virus persistence. This is probably linked to the continuous presence of adult C imicola in the area. Culicoides imicola is basically an Afro-Asiatic insect and prefers warm climates. Therefore its continuous adult presence in parts of Iberia and N Africa may be due to some recent moderations of the climate in these areas.  
  Address Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Woking, Surrey, UK  
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  ISSN 0928-4249 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:8102076 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2359  
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Author Clayton, H.M. openurl 
  Title The extended canter: a comparison of some kinematic variables in horses trained for dressage and for racing Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication Acta Anatomica Abbreviated Journal Acta Anat (Basel)  
  Volume 146 Issue 2-3 Pages (down) 183-187  
  Keywords Animal Husbandry; Animals; *Gait; Horses/*physiology; *Physical Conditioning, Animal; *Sports  
  Abstract This study was designed to test the hypothesis that there is no significant difference in selected temporal and linear stride variables of the extended canter in horses bred and trained for dressage or racing. Nine advanced-level dressage horses and 7 Thoroughbred racehorses were filmed at a frame rate of 200 Hz at an extended canter on a sand track. Two strides were recorded per trial, and each horse performed 6 or 7 trials. Temporal and linear data were determined from the films, and descriptive statistics (mean, SD) were calculated. Strides were selected for analysis on the basis of having a velocity in the range of 6.0-7.0 m/s, and multivariate analysis of variance was used to detect significant differences in the stride kinematics of horses trained for the two sports (p < or = 0.01). The average velocity of the dressage horses was 6.37 m/s, compared with 6.40 m/s for the racehorses. There were no significant differences between the two groups in velocity, stride duration, stride length or the distances between limb placements. The stance durations of all four limbs and the overlaps between them were longer, whereas the duration of the suspension phase was shorter in the dressage horses than in the racehorses (p < or = 0.01). The time between impacts of the diagonal limb pair was close to zero in both groups, with individual horses showing some variability in the order of placement of the diagonal limb pair. However, the sequence of footfalls was not significantly different between the two groups (p < or = 0.01).  
  Address Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0001-5180 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:8470464 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3751  
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