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	Author	Franke Stevens, E.
	Title	Instability of harems of feral horses in relation to season and presence of subordinate stallions			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1990	Publication	Behaviour	Abbreviated Journal	Behaviour
	Volume	112	Issue	3-4	Pages	149-161
	Keywords
	Abstract	Male horses (Equus caballus) defend harems of females (bands) year-round and throughout their lifetimes. A male's lifetime reproductive success depends upon the number of females in his harem. Although harems have previously been reported as remaining stable over many years, during the two years of this study 30 % of the adult females in an island population of feral horses changed harems during late winter. The seasonal differences in harem stability resulted from seasonal differences in the abundance and distribution of food. The spacing between band members was greater and the frequency of social interactions between them was lower in winter than in summer. In addition, the amount of time devoted to grazing increased in winter. These differences are attributed to the lower availability of suitable vegetation duirng winter. Harem stability did not depend on the age of females, the size of the harem, nor the age of the harem stallion, but did depend on the presence of subordinate stallions attached to the band. All of the females that changed bands left single-male bands; multi-male bands were stable throughout the study.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	1632
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	Author	Stevens,J.A.
	Title	Zebras in Turmoil			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	International Wildlife	Abbreviated Journal	Int Wildl
	Volume	24	Issue		Pages	4-12
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0020-9112	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	1633
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	Author	Thackeray, J.F.
	Title	Zebras from wonderwerk cave, northern Cape province, South Africa: attempts to distinguish Equus burchelli and E. quagga			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1988	Publication	South African journal of science	Abbreviated Journal	Suid- Afrikaanse Tydsskrif vir Wetenskap
	Volume	84	Issue		Pages	99-101
	Keywords	Cape Province; Teeth; Statistical analysis; Equidae; Hippomorpha; South Africa; Southern Africa; Perissodactyla; Mammalia; Vertebrata
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0038-2353	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	1644
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	Author	Westlin-van Aarde, L.M.; van Aarde, R. J.; Skinner, J. D.
	Title	Reproduction in female Hartmann's zebra			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1988	Publication	Journal of Reproduction and Fertility	Abbreviated Journal	J Reprod Fert
	Volume	84	Issue		Pages	505-511
	Keywords	zebra; reproduction; ovaries; seasonality; progesterone
	Abstract	Ovaries, fetuses and plasma were collected from zebra mares shot in the Etosha National Park in Namibia between 15 and 25 August 1983. Ovarian weight was affected by reproductive status and most of the non-pregnant mares were anoestrous. The number of follicles varied between individuals and only pro-oestrous/oestrous mares had follicles larger than 20 mm in diameter. The largest follicle in pregnant mares was only 9 mm in diameter. Corpora lutea and corpora albicantia were found in non-pregnant as well as pregnant mares: 4 pregnant mares had only corpora albicantia. The presence of secondary corpora lutea could not be confirmed in any of the pregnant mares. Implantation was estimated to occur at around 73 days of gestation, and most mares (84%) had conceived between November and April. Peripheral concentrations of plasma progesterone during pregnancy varied from 0·5 to 2·4 ng/ml.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	1705
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	Author	Wiesner, J.; V. Hegel, G.
	Title	Zur Immobilisation von Wildequiden mit STH 2130 und Tiletamin/Zolazepam			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1990	Publication	Tierärtzliche Praxis	Abbreviated Journal	Tierärzl Prax
	Volume	18	Issue		Pages	151-154
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	1707
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	Author	Winkler A,
	Title	The feeding ecology of the Cape Mountain zebra in the Mountain Zebra National Park			Type	Manuscript
	Year	1992	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Doctoral thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	1713
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	Author	Würbel, H.
	Title	The relationship between social structure and mating system in donkeys & Mating strategies of male donkeys in a promiscuous mating system"l structure and mating system in donkeys &			Type	Manuscript
	Year	1990	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis	Diploma thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Berne, Switzerland	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	1724
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	Author	Zeeb, K.; Schnitzter, U.
	Title	Equus caballus (Equidae) – Ruheverhalten, Hinlegen und Aufstehen			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1978	Publication	Encyclopedia Cinematographica	Abbreviated Journal	E.C.
	Volume	Film E 1620 des IWF Begleittext	Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	Equus caballus (Equidae)-Behaviour at Rest, Lying down and Rising. The film shows the behaviour at rest of the primitive horses of the Duke of Croy at DulmenNestphalia. With the aid of several individual animals, complete relaxation, reclining and rising are shown.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0073-8417	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	1745
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	Author	Bohnet, W.
	Title	Expressive behaviour to assess the emotional states in horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	DTW. Deutsche tierarztliche Wochenschrift	Abbreviated Journal	Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr
	Volume	114	Issue	3	Pages	91-97
	Keywords
	Abstract	The emotional states such as feelings and emotions are not easy to assess by objective methods in animals as well as in humans. Beside measuring physiological variables an aid to assess the emotional states is the analysis of expressive behaviour of an individual respecting the relating context. Especially developed in mammals, which live in obligatory social i.e. in stable permanent social communities, are facial expression and gesture. Also horses display a differentiated expressive behaviour, which can be observed and analysed by humans. Moreover it could be demonstrated, that in situations of stress the display shown by horses (gesture, facial expression, posture) correlate with corresponding physiological reactions. Thus the expressive behaviour is suitable to assess the emotional states of horses depending on the situation.
	Address	Institut fur Tierschutz und Verhalten (Heim-, Labortiere und Pferde), Stiftung Tierarztliche Hochschule Hannover. bohnet@tierschutzzentrum.de
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	German	Summary Language		Original Title	Ausdrucksverhalten zur Beurteilung von Befindlichkeiten bei Pferden
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0341-6593	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:17419541			Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	1769
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	Author	Boogert, N.J.; Reader, S.M.; Laland, K.N.
	Title	The relation between social rank, neophobia and individual learning in starlings			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Animal Behaviour.	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Behav.
	Volume	72	Issue	6	Pages	1229-1239
	Keywords
	Abstract	Researchers with diverse interests in topics ranging from the formation of dominance hierarchies and social intelligence to animal personalities have predicted specific, and often conflicting, relations between social rank, neophobia and learning ability. We investigated the relations between these variables in captive groups of wild-caught starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, adopting a multidimensional approach to social rank and neophobia. Both agonistic and competitive rank orders were determined for each group and we tested individuals in the absence of their groupmates for object neophobia, latency to feed in a novel environment and performance on an extractive foraging task. In each starling group, the fastest learners occupied the highest competitive ranks, supporting the hypothesis that cognitive ability is positively correlated with social dominance. Competitive rank orders, however, did not correlate significantly with agonistic rank orders. Situation-specific foraging neophobia was suggested: individuals showed consistency in their latencies to feed near a variety of novel objects, but no significant correlation was found between this measure of object neophobia and latency to feed in a novel environment. Starlings fastest to feed in the novel environment were fastest in solving the foraging task. We discuss the implications of these findings for researchers studying hierarchy formation in animal groups, social intelligence and animal personalities.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.029			Serial	2074
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