| |
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
Whiten, A. |
|
| |
Title |
The second inheritance system of chimpanzees and humans |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
|
| |
Volume |
437 |
Issue |
7055 |
Pages |
52-55 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild/physiology/psychology; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Culture; Female; Humans; Imitative Behavior; Learning/*physiology; Pan troglodytes/*physiology/psychology; *Social Behavior; Technology |
|
| |
Abstract |
Half a century of dedicated field research has brought us from ignorance of our closest relatives to the discovery that chimpanzee communities resemble human cultures in possessing suites of local traditions that uniquely identify them. The collaborative effort required to establish this picture parallels the one set up to sequence the chimpanzee genome, and has revealed a complex social inheritance system that complements the genetic picture we are now developing. |
|
| |
Address |
Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, and Scottish Primate Research Group, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, UK. a.whiten@st-and.ac.uk |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
1476-4687 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition  |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:16136127 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
730 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Whiten, A.; McGrew, W.C. |
|
| |
Title |
Is this the first portrayal of tool use by a chimp? |
Type |
|
| |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
|
| |
Volume |
409 |
Issue |
6816 |
Pages |
12 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Pan troglodytes/*physiology; Philately |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0028-0836 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:11343083 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
739 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Whiten, A.; Goodall, J.; McGrew, W.C.; Nishida, T.; Reynolds, V.; Sugiyama, Y.; Tutin, C.E.; Wrangham, R.W.; Boesch, C. |
|
| |
Title |
Cultures in chimpanzees |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
|
| |
Volume |
399 |
Issue |
6737 |
Pages |
682-685 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition; *Culture; Humans; Pan troglodytes/*physiology; Species Specificity |
|
| |
Abstract |
As an increasing number of field studies of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) have achieved long-term status across Africa, differences in the behavioural repertoires described have become apparent that suggest there is significant cultural variation. Here we present a systematic synthesis of this information from the seven most long-term studies, which together have accumulated 151 years of chimpanzee observation. This comprehensive analysis reveals patterns of variation that are far more extensive than have previously been documented for any animal species except humans. We find that 39 different behaviour patterns, including tool usage, grooming and courtship behaviours, are customary or habitual in some communities but are absent in others where ecological explanations have been discounted. Among mammalian and avian species, cultural variation has previously been identified only for single behaviour patterns, such as the local dialects of song-birds. The extensive, multiple variations now documented for chimpanzees are thus without parallel. Moreover, the combined repertoire of these behaviour patterns in each chimpanzee community is itself highly distinctive, a phenomenon characteristic of human cultures but previously unrecognised in non-human species. |
|
| |
Address |
Scottish Primate Research Group, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, UK |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0028-0836 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:10385119 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
742 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Dyer, F.C. |
|
| |
Title |
Animal behaviour: when it pays to waggle |
Type |
|
| |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
|
| |
Volume |
419 |
Issue |
6910 |
Pages |
885-886 |
|
| |
Keywords |
*Animal Communication; Animals; Bees/*physiology; California; Dancing/physiology; Environment; Evolution; Female; Flowers/chemistry; *Food; Gravitation; Lighting; Motor Activity/*physiology; Odors; Seasons; Sunlight |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0028-0836 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:12410290 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
769 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Pocock Rj, |
|
| |
Title |
The coloration of the Quaggas |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
|
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
|
| |
Volume |
68 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
356-357 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
1480 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Gilbert, B.K.; Hailman, J.P. |
|
| |
Title |
Uncertainty of leadership-rank in fallow deer |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1966 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
|
| |
Volume |
209 |
Issue |
5027 |
Pages |
1041-1042 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; Artiodactyla; *Behavior, Animal; Female; *Leadership; Pregnancy |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0028-0836 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:5927524 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
2057 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Bouman, I. |
|
| |
Title |
The reintroduction of Przewalski horses in the Hustain Nuruu Mountain Forest Steppe Reserve in Mongolia |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Mededelingen: Netherlands Commission for International Nature Protection |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
32 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
|
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2241 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Wilson, A.M.; McGuigan, M.P.; Su, A.; van Den Bogert, A.J. |
|
| |
Title |
Horses damp the spring in their step |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
|
| |
Volume |
414 |
Issue |
6866 |
Pages |
895-899 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; Biomechanics; Elasticity; Forelimb; Gait; Horses/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Leg Bones/*physiology; Locomotion; Models, Biological; Muscle Fibers/physiology; Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Tendons/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Vibration |
|
| |
Abstract |
The muscular work of galloping in horses is halved by storing and returning elastic strain energy in spring-like muscle-tendon units.These make the legs act like a child's pogo stick that is tuned to stretch and recoil at 2.5 strides per second. This mechanism is optimized by unique musculoskeletal adaptations: the digital flexor muscles have extremely short fibres and significant passive properties, whereas the tendons are very long and span several joints. Length change occurs by a stretching of the spring-like digital flexor tendons rather than through energetically expensive length changes in the muscle. Despite being apparently redundant for such a mechanism, the muscle fibres in the digital flexors are well developed. Here we show that the mechanical arrangement of the elastic leg permits it to vibrate at a higher frequency of 30-40 Hz that could cause fatigue damage to tendon and bone. Furthermore, we show that the digital flexor muscles have minimal ability to contribute to or regulate significantly the 2.5-Hz cycle of movement, but are ideally arranged to damp these high-frequency oscillations in the limb. |
|
| |
Address |
Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK. awilson@rvc.ac.uk |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0028-0836 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:11780059 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2300 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Marean, C.W.; Gifford-Gonzalez, D. |
|
| |
Title |
Late Quaternary extinct ungulates of East Africa and palaeoenvironmental implications |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
|
| |
Volume |
350 |
Issue |
6317 |
Pages |
418-420 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
UNGULATE communities of two East African savannas, the Serengeti and Athi-Kapiti Plains, are dominated by wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) supplemented by zebra (Equus burchelli), topi (Damaliscus lunatus), hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus), buffalo (Syncerus caffer) eland (Taurotragus oryx) and gazelles (Gazella grand and G. thomsoni)1-3. Before this research, little was known of East African large mammal communities in the Late Pleistocene and early to middle Holocene. We document an extinct impala-sized alcelaphine antelope that is numerically dominant in Late Pleistocene archaeofaunal assemblages from the Athi-Kapiti Plains. The extinct giant buffalo Pelorovis antiquus is present, and a number of arid-adapted regionally extinct species are common. The small alcelaphine is rare in northern Tanzania, but regionally extinct arid-adapted species are present in Late Pleistocene deposits. These data indicate that as recently as 12,000 years ago, the large mammal community structure of East African savannas was very different and dry grasslands and arid-adapted ungulates expanded at least as far south as northern Tanzania during the Last Glacial Maximum. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
10.1038/350418a0 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2345 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Buttiker, W. |
|
| |
Title |
[Preliminary report on eye-frequenting butterflies in the Ivory Coast] |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1973 |
Publication |
Revue Suisse de Zoologie; Annales de la Societe Zoologique Suisse et du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rev Suisse Zool |
|
| |
Volume |
80 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-43 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cattle; Cote d'Ivoire; Ecology; Ectoparasitic Infestations/*veterinary; *Eye; Horses; *Insects; *Parasites; Sheep |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
German |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
Vorlaufige Beobachtungen an augenbesuchenden Schmetterlingen in der Elfenbeinkuste |
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0035-418X |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:4354354 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2716 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
