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Author |
Turner, J.W.J.; Liu, I.K.; Kirkpatrick, J.F. |
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Title |
Remotely delivered immunocontraception in free-roaming feral burros (Equus asinus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Journal of reproduction and fertility |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Reprod Fertil |
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Volume |
107 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
31-35 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Wild; Contraception, Immunologic/methods/*veterinary; *Equidae; Feces/chemistry; Female; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Tests; Swine; Zona Pellucida/immunology |
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Abstract |
Regulation of local overpopulations of free-roaming feral equids is in demand worldwide for ecological balance and habitat preservation. Contraceptive vaccines have proven effective in feral horses, which breed seasonally, but no data are available for equids such as the burro, which is reproductively active all year round. In the present study, 27 individually identified female feral burros (Equus asinus) roaming free in Virgin Islands National Park (St John, US Virgin Islands; Lesser Antilles) were remotely treated with pig zonae pellucidae (PZP) vaccine. Between January and May, 16 burros were darted with a 1 ml emulsion of PZP plus Freund's adjuvant. Ten to twelve months later each treated burro was given a single booster injection of PZP plus adjuvant to maintain contraception through a second year. Eleven adult untreated jennies served as controls. Beginning one year after initial vaccination, these burros were monitored for pregnancy and foal production. Collection of data to determine treatment effect was not begun until 12 months after initial treatment to ensure that pregnancies existing before vaccination were not included. Pregnancy was assessed using previously validated methods for steroid metabolite measurement in fresh faecal samples. None of the PZP-treated burros produced foals between 0 and 12 months after the last inoculation. One PZP-treated burro tested positive for pregnancy at 10 months after the final inoculation. During this same period, six of 11 untreated burros tested pregnancy-positive, and four were observed with foals. There was no difference in pregnancy rates among treated, control and randomly sampled jennies between 12 and 24 months after the last inoculation. The results demonstrate that, in free-roaming feral burros that are reproductively active all year round: (1) burros can be accessed for remotely delivered PZP vaccination; (2) PZP contraception is effective; (3) PZP contraception is reversible; and (4) pregnancy can be reliably detected by faecal steroid analysis. |
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Department of Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43699, USA |
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0022-4251 |
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PMID:8699431 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
144 |
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Author |
Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Liu, I.M.; Turner, J.W.J.; Naugle, R.; Keiper, R. |
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Title |
Long-term effects of porcine zonae pellucidae immunocontraception on ovarian function in feral horses (Equus caballus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Journal of reproduction and fertility |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Reprod Fertil |
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Volume |
94 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
437-444 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Contraception, Immunologic/*veterinary; *Egg Proteins; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/urine; Female; Glycoproteins/*pharmacology; Horses/immunology/*physiology; *Membrane Glycoproteins; Ovary/drug effects/*physiology; Progesterone/metabolism; *Receptors, Cell Surface; Swine/immunology; Time Factors; Zona Pellucida/*immunology |
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Abstract |
Ten feral mares free-roaming in Maryland, USA, were inoculated with porcine zonae pellucidae (PZP) protein before the breeding season for three consecutive years (1988-90). Ovarian function was monitored for 51 days during the peak of the breeding season after the third annual PZP inoculation, in seven of these mares and in four untreated control mares, by means of urinary oestrone conjugates and nonspecific progesterone metabolites. None of the ten inoculated mares became pregnant in 1990, compared with 55% of 20 control mares, which included two of the four monitored for ovarian function. Three of the untreated mares demonstrated apparent normal ovarian activity, characterized by preovulatory oestrogen peaks, concurrent progesterone nadirs at ovulation, breeding activity, and luteal-phase progesterone increases after ovulation. Two of the seven monitored PZP-treated mares demonstrated ovulatory cycles that did not result in conception. One was pregnant as a result of conception in 1989 and demonstrated a normal, late-gestation, endocrine profile. The remaining four PZP-treated mares revealed no evidence of ovulation, and urinary oestrogen concentrations were significantly depressed. The experiments indicated that (i) a third consecutive annual PZP booster inoculation is greater than 90% effective in preventing pregnancies in mares and (ii) three consecutive years of PZP treatment may interfere with normal ovarian function as shown by markedly depressed oestrogen secretion. |
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Deaconess Research Institute, Billings, MT 59102 |
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0022-4251 |
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Notes |
PMID:1317449 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
145 |
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Author |
Houpt, T.R. |
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Title |
The physiological determination of meal size in pigs |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1985 |
Publication |
The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Nutr Soc |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
323-330 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Appetite/physiology; Drinking; Duodenum/physiology; *Eating; Energy Intake; Food; Horses/physiology; Milk; Osmolar Concentration; Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology; Receptors, Cholecystokinin; Swine/*physiology; Time Factors |
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0029-6651 |
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Notes |
PMID:2996010 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
53 |
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Author |
Makarov, V.V.; Bakulov, I.A. |
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Title |
[Zoopathogenic arboviruses, their systematics and ecology] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1975 |
Publication |
Veterinariia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Veterinariia |
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Volume |
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Issue |
11 |
Pages |
39-41 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Arboviruses/*classification/pathogenicity; Cattle; Deer; Ecology; Horses; Insect Vectors; Sheep; Swine; Turkeys; Viruses/*classification/pathogenicity |
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Russian |
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Zoopatogennye arbovirusy--sistematika i ekologiia |
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0042-4846 |
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Notes |
PMID:814685 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2703 |
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Author |
Beaver, B.V. |
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Title |
Problems & values associated with dominance |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1981 |
Publication |
Veterinary medicine, small animal clinician : VM, SAC |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Med Small Anim Clin |
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Volume |
76 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1129-1131 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Domestic; *Behavior, Animal; Cats; Cattle; Dogs; Horses; *Social Dominance; Swine |
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0042-4889 |
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Notes |
PMID:6914851 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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678 |
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Author |
Kiley, M. |
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Title |
The vocalizations of ungulates, their causation and function |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1972 |
Publication |
Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Z. Tierpsychol. |
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Volume |
31 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
171-222 |
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Keywords |
Aggression; Animals; *Artiodactyla; Cattle; Fear; Female; Frustration; Horses; Humans; Male; Pain; *Perissodactyla; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Swine; *Vocalization, Animal |
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0044-3573 |
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PMID:4674022 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
681 |
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Author |
Kida, H. |
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Title |
[Ecology of influenza viruses in animals and the mechanism of emergence of new pandemic strains] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Nippon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nippon Rinsho |
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Volume |
55 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
2521-2526 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Bird Diseases/transmission; Birds; Horse Diseases/transmission; Horses; Humans; Influenza, Human/transmission/*veterinary; Swine; Swine Diseases/transmission; Zoonoses |
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Abstract |
Ecological studies on influenza viruses revealed that the hemagglutinin genes are introduced into new pandemic strains from viruses circulating in migratory ducks through domestic ducks and pigs in southern China. Experimental infection of pigs with 38 avian influenza virus strains with H1-H13 hemagglutinins showed that at least one strain of each HA subtype replicated in the upper respiratory tract of pigs. Co-infection of pigs with a swine virus and with an avian virus generated reassortant viruses. The results indicate that avian viruses of any subtype can contribute genes in the generation of reassortants. Virological surveillance revealed that influenza viruses in waterfowl reservoir are perpetuated year-by-year in the frozen lake water while ducks are absent. |
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Department of Disease Control, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine |
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Japanese |
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0047-1852 |
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PMID:9360367 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2654 |
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Author |
Endy, T.P.; Nisalak, A. |
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Title |
Japanese encephalitis virus: ecology and epidemiology |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol |
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Volume |
267 |
Issue |
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Pages |
11-48 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Birds/virology; Climate; Culicidae/virology; Disease Outbreaks/history; Ecosystem; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/*pathogenicity; Encephalitis, Japanese/*epidemiology/*etiology/history/transmission; History, 20th Century; Horses/virology; Humans; Insect Vectors; Japan/epidemiology; Risk Factors; Swine/virology; Thailand/epidemiology; Viral Vaccines/pharmacology |
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Department of Virology, United States Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (USAMC-AFRIMS), 315/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand |
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ISSN |
0070-217X |
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Notes |
PMID:12082986 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2643 |
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Author |
Dowdle, W.R.; Schild, G.C. |
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Title |
Influenza: its antigenic variation and ecology |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Bulletin of the Pan American Health Organization |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bull Pan Am Health Organ |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
193-195 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Antigens, Viral; Bird Diseases/microbiology; Birds; Hemagglutinins, Viral; Horse Diseases/microbiology; Horses; Humans; Influenza A virus/immunology/isolation & purification; Influenza, Human/epidemiology; Mutation; Neuraminidase/immunology; Orthomyxoviridae/enzymology/*immunology; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/microbiology/veterinary; Recombination, Genetic; Swine; Swine Diseases/microbiology |
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Abstract |
Influenza viruses have two surface antigens, the glycoprotein structures hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Antibodies to each of these are associated with immunity, but the structures themselves are antigenically variable. When an antigenic change is gradual over time it is referred to as a drift, while a sudden complete or major change in either or both antigens is termed a shift. The mechanism of antigenic drift is usually attributed to selection of preexisting mutants by pressure from increasing immunity in the human population. The mechanism of antigenic shift is less clear, but one tentative hypothesis is that shifts arise from mammalian or avian reservoirs, or through genetic recombination of human and animal influenza strains. |
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English |
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ISSN |
0085-4638 |
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Notes |
PMID:187273 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2700 |
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Author |
Alexander, D.J. |
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Title |
Ecological aspects of influenza A viruses in animals and their relationship to human influenza: a review |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
J R Soc Med |
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Volume |
75 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
799-811 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Domestic; Bird Diseases/transmission; Birds; Disease Outbreaks; Ecology; Horse Diseases/transmission; Horses; Humans; Influenza A virus/genetics/isolation & purification; Influenza, Human/microbiology/*transmission/veterinary; Swine; Swine Diseases/transmission; Zoonoses/transmission |
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ISSN |
0141-0768 |
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Notes |
PMID:6752410 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2689 |
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