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Author |
Goncalves, T.C.; Rocha, D.S.; Cunha, R.A. |
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Title |
Feeding patterns of Triatoma vitticeps in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Revista de Saude Publica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rev Saude Publica |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
348-352 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Brazil; Cattle; Chagas Disease/transmission; Dogs; Ecology; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Female; Food Habits/physiology; Humans; Insect Vectors/*physiology; Male; Triatoma/*physiology; *Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purification |
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Abstract |
OBJECTIVE: Feeding patterns of triatomines have contributed to elucidate its biology. Triatoma vitticeps, naturally infected with T. cruzi, has been found in domiciles. Its behavior and epidemiological patterns were investigated. METHODS: One-hundred and twenty two specimens of T. vitticeps were captured from February 1989 to April 1993 in two areas of Triunfo municipality, a subdistrict of Santa Maria Madalena municipal district, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The insects were dissected and their intestinal contents were removed and tested. It was used antisera from: man, cow, horse, dog, pig, armadillo, opossum, rodent, and bird. RESULTS: From the total analyzed, 79 were positive and 43 were negative to the nine antisera tested: armadillo (30.3%) > human and pig (13.1%) > bird and dog (11.5%) > horse (5.7%) > opossum (4.9%) > rodent (4. 1%) > cow (3.3%). Blood meals ranged from 0 to 4 and 6 in the following distribution: 0 = 25.41%; 1 = 45.08%; 2 = 10.66%; 3 = 6. 56%; 4 = 1.64%, and 6 = 0.82%. Nine of the 122 insects captured were not examined, 74 (65.54%) were positive for T. cruzi infection and 39 (34.51%) were negative. CONCLUSIONS: These results identified the T. vitticeps as being a sylvatic species and trypanosomiasis as being an enzootic disease. Epidemiological vigilance will be important to provide more information regarding the behavior of the species |
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Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto swaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. tcmonte@gene.dbbm.fiocruz.br |
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0034-8910 |
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PMID:10973153 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2650 |
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Author |
Eisgruber, H.; Stolle, F.A. |
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Title |
[Clostridia in carcasses and fresh meat--a literature review] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. Series B |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zentralbl Veterinarmed B |
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Volume |
39 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
746-754 |
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Keywords |
Abattoirs; Animals; Cattle; Clostridium/*growth & development; *Food Microbiology; Horses; Meat/*microbiology; Muscles/*microbiology; Sheep; Swine |
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Abstract |
Clostridia are of large clinical importance as well as in the field of food hygiene, where they are responsible for spoilage but they also have a certain significance as food poisoning organisms. Information on the ecology of Clostridia in samples of deep muscle tissue of slaughtered animals is insufficient. This article is intended to increase the knowledge on the occurrence of different Clostridia species in slaughtered animals. The main emphasis is put on the significance of clostridia in meat hygiene. The theoretical basis of the so called original content of microorganisms (intrinsic bacteria), the factors and pathways of Clostridia spreading in muscles and organs are demonstrated. |
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Institut fur Hygiene und Technologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen |
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German |
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Original Title |
Clostridien in Schlachttierkorpern und frischem Fleisch--Eine Literaturubersicht |
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0514-7166 |
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PMID:1492516 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2668 |
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Author |
Holzapfel, W.H.; Botha, S.J. |
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Title |
Physiology of Sporolactobacillus strains isolated from different habitats and the indication of in vitro antagonism against Bacillus species |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
International Journal of Food Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Food Microbiol |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
161-168 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Bacillaceae/isolation & purification/*physiology; Bacillus/*physiology; Cattle; *Ecology; Feces/*microbiology; Food Microbiology; Horses; Sewage; Sheep; Water Microbiology |
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Abstract |
In an ecological study only low numbers of Sporolactobacillus were found in habitats such as the faeces of herbivores, the rumen of cattle and the final waste water of an abattoir. Their presence in the final waste water of an abattoir indicates their possible association with food, and, more specifically, with meat. Differences were found in some physiological characteristics. One isolate (L2404) differed from the authentic Sporolactobacillus ATCC 15538 by its inability to ferment inulin, its growth in presence of 6.5% NaCl and in 0.2% tellurite, by the isomer(s) of lactic acid produced and the mol% G + G in the DNA. One Sporolactobacillus isolate (L2407) showed antagonism against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus cereus var, mycoides, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis. |
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Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Republic of South Africa |
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English |
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ISSN |
0168-1605 |
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Notes |
PMID:3275317 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2675 |
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Author |
La Riviere, J.W. |
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Title |
Ecology of yeasts in the kefir grain |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1969 |
Publication |
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |
Abbreviated Journal |
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek |
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Volume |
35 |
Issue |
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Pages |
Suppl:D15-6 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Dairy Products; *Food Microbiology; Horses; Lactobacillus/*growth & development/isolation & purification; Mitosporic Fungi/*growth & development/isolation & purification; Saccharomyces/*growth & development/isolation & purification; Symbiosis |
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0003-6072 |
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Notes |
PMID:5311957 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2741 |
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Author |
Beerwerth, W.; Schurmann, J. |
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Title |
[Contribution to the ecology of mycobacteria] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1969 |
Publication |
Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. 1. Abt. Medizinisch-Hygienische Bakteriologie, Virusforschung und Parasitologie. Originale |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zentralbl Bakteriol [Orig] |
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Volume |
211 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
58-69 |
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Keywords |
*Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle; Chickens; Ecology; Feces/*microbiology; *Food Microbiology; Germany, West; Horses; Hydroxides; Mycobacterium/classification/*isolation & purification; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification; Oxalates; *Sewage; Sheep; Sodium; *Soil Microbiology; Swine; *Water Microbiology |
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German |
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Original Title |
Zur Okologie der Mykobakterien |
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ISSN |
0372-8110 |
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Notes |
PMID:4989344 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2743 |
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Author |
Vlamings, P.H.J.M.; Uher, J.; Call, J. |
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Title |
How the great apes (Pan troglodytes, Pongo pygmaeus, Pan paniscus, and Gorilla gorilla) perform on the reversed contingency task: the effects of food quantity and food visibility |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
60-70 |
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Keywords |
Age Factors; Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cognition; Conditioning (Psychology); Female; *Food; Gorilla gorilla/*psychology; *Learning; Male; Pan paniscus/*psychology; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Pongo pygmaeus/*psychology; *Visual Perception |
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Abstract |
S. T. Boysen and G. G. Berntson (1995) found that chimpanzees performed poorly on a reversed contingency task in which they had to point to the smaller of 2 food quantities to acquire the larger quantity. The authors compared the performance of 4 great ape species (Pan troglodytes, Pongo pygmaeus, Pan paniscus, and Gorilla gorilla) on the reversed contingency task while manipulating food quantity (0-4 or 1-4) and food visibility (visible pairs or covered pairs). Results showed no systematic species differences but large individual differences. Some individuals of each species were able to solve the reversed contingency task. Both quantity and visibility of the food items had a significant effect on performance. Subjects performed better when the disparity between quantities was smaller and the quantities were not directly visible. |
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Address |
Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. p.vlamings@psychology.unimaas.nl |
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English |
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ISSN |
0097-7403 |
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Notes |
PMID:16435965 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2765 |
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Author |
Beran, M.J.; Beran, M.M.; Harris, E.H.; Washburn, D.A. |
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Title |
Ordinal judgments and summation of nonvisible sets of food items by two chimpanzees and a rhesus macaque |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
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Volume |
31 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
351-362 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; Chi-Square Distribution; Cognition; Color Perception/physiology; Female; *Food; Judgment/*physiology; Macaca mulatta; Male; Pan troglodytes; Serial Learning/*physiology; Size Perception |
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Abstract |
Two chimpanzees and a rhesus macaque rapidly learned the ordinal relations between 5 colors of containers (plastic eggs) when all containers of a given color contained a specific number of identical food items. All 3 animals also performed at high levels when comparing sets of containers with sets of visible food items. This indicates that the animals learned the approximate quantity of food items in containers of a given color. However, all animals failed in a summation task, in which a single container was compared with a set of 2 containers of a lesser individual quantity but a greater combined quantity. This difficulty was not overcome by sequential presentation of containers into opaque receptacles, but performance improved if the quantitative difference between sizes was very large. |
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Address |
Language Research Center, Georgia State University, Decatur, 30034, USA. mjberan@yahoo.com |
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English |
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0097-7403 |
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Notes |
PMID:16045389 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2766 |
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Author |
Hampton, R.R. |
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Title |
Rhesus monkeys know when they remember |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
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Volume |
98 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
5359-5362 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Choice Behavior/physiology; Cognition/*physiology; Cues; Food Preferences/psychology; Macaca mulatta/*physiology/*psychology; Male; Memory/*physiology; Probability; Psychological Tests; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity |
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Abstract |
Humans are consciously aware of some memories and can make verbal reports about these memories. Other memories cannot be brought to consciousness, even though they influence behavior. This conspicuous difference in access to memories is central in taxonomies of human memory systems but has been difficult to document in animal studies, suggesting that some forms of memory may be unique to humans. Here I show that rhesus macaque monkeys can report the presence or absence of memory. Although it is probably impossible to document subjective, conscious properties of memory in nonverbal animals, this result objectively demonstrates an important functional parallel with human conscious memory. Animals able to discern the presence and absence of memory should improve accuracy if allowed to decline memory tests when they have forgotten, and should decline tests most frequently when memory is attenuated experimentally. One of two monkeys examined unequivocally met these criteria under all test conditions, whereas the second monkey met them in all but one case. Probe tests were used to rule out “cueing” by a wide variety of environmental and behavioral stimuli, leaving detection of the absence of memory per se as the most likely mechanism underlying the monkeys' abilities to selectively decline memory tests when they had forgotten. |
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Address |
Section on the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, Building 49, Room 1B-80, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. robert@ln.nimh.nih.gov |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0027-8424 |
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Notes |
PMID:11274360 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2824 |
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Author |
Pennisi, E. |
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Title |
Animal cognition. Social animals prove their smarts |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
312 |
Issue |
5781 |
Pages |
1734-1738 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Birds; *Cognition; Comprehension; Cues; Food; Hominidae/*psychology; *Intelligence; Learning; Memory; *Social Behavior |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1095-9203 |
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Notes |
PMID:16794055 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2836 |
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Author |
Griffin, B. |
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Title |
The use of fecal markers to facilitate sample collection in group-housed cats |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science / American Association for Laboratory Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci |
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Volume |
41 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
51-56 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; Biological Markers/*analysis; Cats/*physiology/psychology; Diet/veterinary; Feces/*chemistry; Food Coloring Agents/analysis; Housing, Animal; Individuality; Plastics/analysis; Specimen Handling/methods/*veterinary |
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Abstract |
The provision of proper social housing is a priority when designing an experiment using domestic cats as laboratory animals. When animals are group-housed, studies requiring analysis of stool samples from individual subjects pose difficulty in sample collection and identification. In this study, commercially available concentrated food colorings (known as bakers pastes) were used as fecal markers in group-housed cats. Cats readily consumed 0.5 ml of bakers paste food coloring once daily in canned cat food. Colorings served as fecal markers by imparting a distinct color to each cat s feces, allowing identification in the litter box. In addition, colored glitter (1/8 teaspoon in canned food) was fed to cats and found to be a reliable fecal marker. Long-term feeding of colorings and glitter was found to be safe and effective at yielding readily identifiable stools. |
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Address |
Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama 36841, USA |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1060-0558 |
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Notes |
PMID:11958604 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4165 |
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