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Author Capitanio, J.P.; Widaman, K.F. doi  openurl
  Title Confirmatory factor analysis of personality structure in adult male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication American journal of primatology Abbreviated Journal Am. J. Primatol.  
  Volume 65 Issue (up) 3 Pages 289-294  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Macaca mulatta/*psychology; Male; *Personality; Psychometrics; Social Behavior  
  Abstract Reports from different laboratories have suggested that nonhuman primates have somewhat similar dimensions of personality. To date, however, no attempts have been made to statistically replicate a specific factor structure. In the present report, two independent observers recorded the behavior of 58 adult male rhesus monkeys, and then rated the animals with the use of a 50-item personality instrument. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the ratings resulted in the replication of a previously described four-factor personality structure [Maninger et al., American Journal of Primatology 61:73-83, 2003]. The first two dimensions-Sociability and Confidence-showed strong loadings and are similar to Affiliation and Agency dimensions in humans. The remaining dimensions-Equability and Irritability-were less clear, and it is possible that additional traits will have to be identified before a more robust structure can be established for these dimensions.  
  Address Department of Psychology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA. jpcapitanio@ucdavis.edu  
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  ISSN 0275-2565 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:15772988 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4111  
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Author Marchal, P.; Anderson, J.R. openurl 
  Title Mirror-image responses in capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus): social responses and use of reflected environmental information Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology Abbreviated Journal Folia Primatol (Basel)  
  Volume 61 Issue (up) 3 Pages 165-173  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cebus/*psychology; *Cognition; Female; Male; Self Concept; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior  
  Abstract  
  Address Laboratoire de Psychophysiologie (CNRS URA 1295), Universite Louis-Pasteur, Strasbourg, France  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0015-5713 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:8206423 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4180  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Dow, M.; Ewing, A.W.; Sutherland, I. openurl 
  Title Studies on the behaviour of cyprinodont fish. III. The temporal patterning of aggression in Aphyosemion striatum (Boulenger) Type Journal Article
  Year 1976 Publication Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Behaviour  
  Volume 59 Issue (up) 3-4 Pages 252-268  
  Keywords *Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Dominance-Subordination; *Fishes; Humans; Individuality; *Killifishes; Male; Time Factors  
  Abstract  
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  ISSN 0005-7959 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:1035107 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4151  
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Author Houpt, K.A.; Eggleston, A.; Kunkle, K.; Houpt, T.R. openurl 
  Title Effect of water restriction on equine behaviour and physiology Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Equine veterinary journal Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J  
  Volume 32 Issue (up) 4 Pages 341-344  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Blood Proteins/analysis; Energy Intake; Female; Horse Diseases/physiopathology; Horses/*physiology; Osmolar Concentration; Pregnancy; Stress/veterinary; Video Recording; Water Deprivation/*physiology  
  Abstract Six pregnant mares were used to determine what level of water restriction causes physiological and/or behavioural changes indicative of stress. Nonlegume hay was fed ad libitum. During the first week of restriction, 5 l water/100 kg bwt was available, during the second week 4 l/100 kg bwt and, during the third week, 3 l/100 kg bwt. Ad libitum water intake was 6.9 l/100 kg bwt; at 3 l/100 kg bwt water intake was 42% of this. Daily hay intake fell significantly with increasing water restriction from 12.9 +/- 0.75 kg to 8.3 +/- 0.54 kg; bodyweight fell significantly for a total loss of 48.5 +/- 8.3 kg in 3 weeks. Daily blood samples were analysed; osmolality rose significantly with increasing water restriction from 282 +/- 0.7 mosmols/kg to 293.3 +/- 0.8 mosmols/kg bwt, but plasma protein and PCV did not change significantly. Cortisol concentrations fell from 8.1 ng/ml to 6.4 ng/ml over the 3 week period. Aldosterone fell from 211.3 +/- 74.2 pg/ml to 92.5 +/- 27.5 pg/ml at the end of the first week. The behaviour of 4 of the 6 mares was recorded 24 h/day for the duration of the study. The only significant difference was in time spent eating, which decreased with increasing water restriction from 46 +/- 3% to 30 +/- 3%. It is concluded that water restriction to 4 l/100 kg bwt dehydrates pregnant mares and may diminish their welfare, but is not life- or pregnancy-threatening.  
  Address Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-6401, USA  
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  ISSN 0425-1644 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:10952384 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 32  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author de Waal, F.B.M. openurl 
  Title How animals do business Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Scientific American Abbreviated Journal Sci Am  
  Volume 292 Issue (up) 4 Pages 54-61  
  Keywords Animals; Attitude; *Behavior, Animal; Cebus; Cooperative Behavior; *Economics; Emotions; Fishes; Food; Humans; Pan troglodytes; Papio; Social Behavior  
  Abstract  
  Address Emory University, USA  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0036-8733 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:15915815 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 166  
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Author de Waal, F.B.M. doi  openurl
  Title Silent invasion: Imanishi's primatology and cultural bias in science Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Animal cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.  
  Volume 6 Issue (up) 4 Pages 293-299  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Culture; Ecosystem; History, 20th Century; Philosophy; Portraits; *Prejudice; Primates/*psychology; Psychology, Comparative/*history; Research Design/trends  
  Abstract  
  Address Living Links, Yerkes Primate Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. dewaal@emory.edu  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  ISSN 1435-9448 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:14551801 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 178  
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Author de Waal, F.B.; Uno, H.; Luttrell, L.M.; Meisner, L.F.; Jeannotte, L.A. openurl 
  Title Behavioral retardation in a macaque with autosomal trisomy and aging mother Type Journal Article
  Year 1996 Publication American journal of mental retardation : AJMR Abbreviated Journal Am J Ment Retard  
  Volume 100 Issue (up) 4 Pages 378-390  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Brain/physiopathology; Female; Hydrocephalus/complications; Longitudinal Studies; Macaca mulatta/*genetics; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; *Maternal Age; Psychomotor Disorders/*etiology; Social Behavior; Trisomy/*genetics; X Chromosome  
  Abstract The social development of a female rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) was followed from the day of birth until her death, at age 32 months. The subject, born to an older mother, had an extra autosome (karyotype: 43, XX, +18), an affliction that came about spontaneously. MRI scans revealed that she was also hydrocephalic. Compared to 23 female monkeys growing up under identical conditions, the subject showed serious motor deficiencies, a dramatic delay in the development of social behavior, poorly established dominance relationships, and greater than usual dependency on mother and kin. The subject was well-integrated into the social group, however.  
  Address University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0895-8017 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:8718992 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 205  
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Author Zentall, T.R. openurl 
  Title A cognitive behaviorist approach to the study of animal behavior Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication The Journal of general psychology Abbreviated Journal J Gen Psychol  
  Volume 129 Issue (up) 4 Pages 328-363  
  Keywords Animals; *Attention; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; Learning; *Memory; Social Behavior  
  Abstract Traditional psychological approaches to animal learning and behavior have involved either the atheoretical behaviorist approach proposed by B. F. Skinner (1938), in which input-output relations are described in response to environmental manipulations, or the theoretical behaviorist approach offered by C. L Hull (1943), in which associations mediated by several hypothetical constructs and intervening variables are formed between stimuli and responses. Recently, the application of a cognitive behaviorist approach to animal learning and behavior has been found to have considerable value as a research tool. This perspective has grown out of E. C. Tolman's cognitive approach to learning in which behavior is mediated by mechanisms that are not directly observable but can be inferred from the results of critical experiments. In the present article, the author presents several examples of the successful application of the cognitive behaviorist approach. In each case, the experiments have been designed to distinguish between more traditional mechanisms and those mediated by hypothesized internal representations. These examples were selected because the evidence suggests that some form of active cognitive organization is needed to account for the behavioral results.  
  Address Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506, USA. Zentall@uky.edu  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-1309 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:12494989 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 214  
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Author Zentall, T.R. doi  openurl
  Title Imitation: definitions, evidence, and mechanisms Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Animal cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.  
  Volume 9 Issue (up) 4 Pages 335-353  
  Keywords Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Imitative Behavior; *Learning; Motivation; *Social Environment; Transfer (Psychology)  
  Abstract Imitation can be defined as the copying of behavior. To a biologist, interest in imitation is focused on its adaptive value for the survival of the organism, but to a psychologist, the mechanisms responsible for imitation are the most interesting. For psychologists, the most important cases of imitation are those that involve demonstrated behavior that the imitator cannot see when it performs the behavior (e.g., scratching one's head). Such examples of imitation are sometimes referred to as opaque imitation because they are difficult to account for without positing cognitive mechanisms, such as perspective taking, that most animals have not been acknowledged to have. The present review first identifies various forms of social influence and social learning that do not qualify as opaque imitation, including species-typical mechanisms (e.g., mimicry and contagion), motivational mechanisms (e.g., social facilitation, incentive motivation, transfer of fear), attentional mechanisms (e.g., local enhancement, stimulus enhancement), imprinting, following, observational conditioning, and learning how the environment works (affordance learning). It then presents evidence for different forms of opaque imitation in animals, and identifies characteristics of human imitation that have been proposed to distinguish it from animal imitation. Finally, it examines the role played in opaque imitation by demonstrator reinforcement and observer motivation. Although accounts of imitation have been proposed that vary in their level of analysis from neural to cognitive, at present no theory of imitation appears to be adequate to account for the varied results that have been found.  
  Address Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA. Zentall@uky.edu  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1435-9448 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:17024510 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 217  
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Author Martin, T.I.; Zentall, T.R. doi  openurl
  Title Post-choice information processing by pigeons Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Animal cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.  
  Volume 8 Issue (up) 4 Pages 273-278  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Choice Behavior; *Columbidae; Discrimination Learning  
  Abstract In a conditional discrimination (matching-to-sample), a sample is followed by two comparison stimuli, one of which is correct, depending on the sample. Evidence from previous research suggests that if the stimulus display is maintained following an incorrect response (the so-called penalty-time procedure), acquisition by pigeons is facilitated. The present research tested the hypothesis that the penalty-time procedure allows the pigeons to review and learn from the maintained stimulus display following an incorrect choice. It did so by including a penalty-time group for which, following an incorrect choice, the sample changed to match the incorrect comparison, thus providing the pigeons with post-choice 'misinformation.' This misinformation group acquired the matching task significantly slower than the standard penalty-time group (that had no change in the sample following an error). Furthermore, acquisition of matching by a control group that received no penalty time fell midway between the other two groups, suggesting that the pigeons did not merely take more care in making choices because of the aversiveness of penalty-time. Thus, it appears that in the acquisition of matching-to-sample, when the stimulus display is maintained following an incorrect choice, the pigeons can review or acquire information from the display. This is the first time that such an effect has been reported for a nonhuman species.  
  Address Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA  
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  ISSN 1435-9448 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:15744507 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 225  
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