Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database -- Query Results

	Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database Home \| Show All \| Simple Search \| Advanced Search	Login Quick Search: Field: contains: ...
	21-30 of 61 records found matching your query:

Search & Display Options

Select All Deselect All

<< 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 >>

List View

Citations

Details

	Records
	Author	Griffiths, D.P.; Clayton, N.S.
	Title	Testing episodic memory in animals: A new approach			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2001	Publication	Physiology & Behavior	Abbreviated Journal	Physiol. Behav.
	Volume	73	Issue	5	Pages	755-762
	Keywords	Episodic memory; Food-caching; Animal models
	Abstract	Episodic memory involves the encoding and storage of memories concerned with unique personal experiences and their subsequent recall, and it has long been the subject of intensive investigation in humans. According to Tulving's classical definition, episodic memory “receives and stores information about temporally dated episodes or events and temporal-spatial relations among these events.” Thus, episodic memory provides information about the `what' and `when' of events (`temporally dated experiences') and about `where' they happened (`temporal-spatial relations'). The storage and subsequent recall of this episodic information was thought to be beyond the memory capabilities of nonhuman animals. Although there are many laboratory procedures for investigating memory for discrete past episodes, until recently there were no previous studies that fully satisfied the criteria of Tulving's definition: they can all be explained in much simpler terms than episodic memory. However, current studies of memory for cache sites in food-storing jays provide an ethologically valid model for testing episodic-like memory in animals, thereby bridging the gap between human and animal studies memory. There is now a pressing need to adapt these experimental tests of episodic memory for other animals. Given the potential power of transgenic and knock-out procedures for investigating the genetic and molecular bases of learning and memory in laboratory rodents, not to mention the wealth of knowledge about the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of the rodent hippocampus (a brain area heavily implicated in episodic memory), an obvious next step is to develop a rodent model of episodic-like memory based on the food-storing bird paradigm. The development of a rodent model system could make an important contribution to our understanding of the neural, molecular, and behavioral mechanisms of mammalian episodic memory.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	401
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Dunbar, R.I.M.; McAdam, M.R.; O'connell, S.
	Title	Mental rehearsal in great apes (Pan troglodytes and Pongo pygmaeus) and children			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	69	Issue	3	Pages	323-330
	Keywords	Algorithms; Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Food; Frontal Lobe/anatomy & histology/physiology; Humans; Imagination; Pan troglodytes; Pongo pygmaeus; Problem Solving/physiology; Psychomotor Performance/physiology; Reward
	Abstract	The ability to rehearse possible future courses of action in the mind is an important feature of advanced social cognition in humans, and the “social brain” hypothesis implies that it might also be a feature of primate social cognition. We tested two chimpanzees, six orangutans and 63 children aged 3-7 years on a set of four puzzle boxes, half of which were presented with an opportunity to observe the box before being allowed to open it (“prior view”), the others being given without an opportunity to examine the boxes before handling them (“no prior view”). When learning effects are partialled out, puzzle boxes in the “prior view” condition were opened significantly faster than boxes given in the “no prior view” condition by the children, but not by either of the great apes. The three species differ significantly in the speed with which they opened boxes in the “no prior view” condition. The three species' performance on this task was a function of relative frontal lobe volume, suggesting that it may be possible to identify quantitative neuropsychological differences between species.
	Address	Evolutionary Psychology Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK. rimd@liv.ac.uk
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0376-6357	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:15896530			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2097
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Houpt, K.A.; Zahorik, D.M.; Swartzman-Andert, J.A.
	Title	Taste aversion learning in horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1990	Publication	Journal of animal science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim Sci.
	Volume	68	Issue	8	Pages	2340-2344
	Keywords	Animal Feed; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Feeding Behavior/psychology; Food Preferences; Horses/physiology/psychology; *Taste
	Abstract	The ability of ponies to learn to avoid a relatively novel food associated with illness was tested in three situations: when illness occurred immediately after consuming a feed; when illness occurred 30 min after consuming a feed; and when illness was contingent upon eating one of three feeds offered simultaneously. Apomorphine was used to produce illness. The feeds associated with illness were corn, alfalfa pellets, sweet feed and a complete pelleted feed. The ponies learned to avoid all the fees except the complete feed when apomorphine injection immediately followed consumption of the feed. However, the ponies did not learn to avoid a feed if apomorphine was delayed 30 min after feed consumption. They could learn to avoid alfalfa pellets, but not corn, when these feeds were presented with the familiar “safe foods,” oats and soybean meal. Ponies apparently are able to learn a taste aversion, but there were constraints on this learning ability. Under the conditions of this study, they did not learn to avoid a food that made them sick long after consumption of the food, and they had more difficulty learning to avoid highly palatable feeds.
	Address	Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-8812	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:2401656			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	41
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Brosnan, S.F.; Freeman, C.; De Waal, F.B.M.
	Title	Partner's behavior, not reward distribution, determines success in an unequal cooperative task in capuchin monkeys			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	American journal of primatology	Abbreviated Journal	Am. J. Primatol.
	Volume	68	Issue	7	Pages	713-724
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cebus/physiology; Cooperative Behavior; Female; Food Preferences/physiology; Male; Reward
	Abstract	It was recently demonstrated that capuchin monkeys notice and respond to distributional inequity, a trait that has been proposed to support the evolution of cooperation in the human species. However, it is unknown how capuchins react to inequitable rewards in an unrestricted cooperative paradigm in which they may freely choose both whether to participate and, within the bounds of their partner's behavior, which reward they will receive for their participation. We tested capuchin monkeys with such a design, using a cooperative barpull, which has been used with great success in the past. Contrary to our expectations, the equity of the reward distribution did not affect success or pulling behavior. However, the behavior of the partner in an unequal situation did affect overall success rates: pairs that had a tendency to alternate which individual received the higher-value food in unequal reward situations were more than twice as successful in obtaining rewards than pairs in which one individual dominated the higher-value food. This ability to equitably distribute rewards in inherently biased cooperative situations has profound implications for activities such as group hunts, in which multiple individuals work together for a single, monopolizable reward.
	Address	Living Links Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. sbrosna@emory.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0275-2565	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:16786518			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	160
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Ralston, S.L.
	Title	Controls of feeding in horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1984	Publication	Journal of Animal Science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim Sci.
	Volume	59	Issue	5	Pages	1354-1361
	Keywords	Animal Feed; Animals; Digestive Physiology; Energy Metabolism; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Food Preferences; Horses/physiology; Oropharynx/physiology; Satiation/physiology; Smell; Taste
	Abstract	Members of the genus Equus are large, nonruminant herbivores. These animals utilize the products of both enzymatic digestion in the small intestine and bacterial fermentation (volatile fatty acids) in the cecum and large colon as sources of metabolizable energy. Equine animals rely primarily upon oropharyngeal and external stimuli to control the size and duration of an isolated meal. Meal frequency, however, is regulated by stimuli generated by the presence and (or) absorption of nutrients (sugars, fatty acids, protein) in both the large and small intestine plus metabolic cues reflecting body energy stores. The control of feeding in this species reflects its evolutionary development in an environment which selected for consumption of small, frequent meals of a variety of forages.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-8812	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:6392275			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	1954
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Clarke, J.V.; Nicol, C.J.; Jones, R.; McGreevy, P.D.
	Title	Effects of observational learning on food selection in horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1996	Publication	Applied Animal Behaviour Science	Abbreviated Journal	Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
	Volume	50	Issue	2	Pages	177-184
	Keywords	Horse; Observational learning; Food discrimination
	Abstract	Fourteen riding horses of mixed age and breed were randomly allocated to observer and control treatments. An additional horse was pre-trained as a demonstrator to walk the 13.8 m length of the test arena and select one of two food buckets using colour and pattern cues. Observer horses were exposed to correct performances of the task by the trained demonstrator, for 20 trials held over 2 days. Control horses were subjected to the same handling and placement procedures as the observer horses but without exposure to the behaviour of the demonstrator. The third day for all subjects was designated as a test day. Each subject was released individually in a predetermined place in the arena, and the latency to walk the length of the test arena to the food buckets, the latency to feed, the identity of the bucket approached and the identity of the bucket selected were recorded on ten consecutive trials. During tests both food buckets contained food to minimize the possibility of individual trial and error learning. On the first trial the mean latency to approach the goal area was 18 s for observer horses, compared with 119 s for control horses (t = 2.8, d.f. = 12, P < 0.01) and the mean latency to eat was 35 s for observer horses, compared with 181 s for control horses (t = 4.86, d.f. = 11, P < 0.001). However, observer horses were no more likely to choose the demonstrated bucket than control horses on the first trial. Twelve of the 14 horses decreased their latency to approach the goal area during the series of ten trials, but there were no significant changes in the buckets selected.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	563
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Hampton, R.R.; Sherry, D.F.; Shettleworth, S.J.; Khurgel, M.; Ivy, G.
	Title	Hippocampal volume and food-storing behavior are related in parids			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1995	Publication	Brain, behavior and evolution	Abbreviated Journal	Brain Behav Evol
	Volume	45	Issue	1	Pages	54-61
	Keywords	Animals; Appetitive Behavior/physiology; Birds/anatomy & histology; Brain Mapping; Evolution; Food Preferences/physiology; Hippocampus/anatomy & histology; Mental Recall/physiology; Orientation/*physiology; Predatory Behavior/physiology; Social Environment; Species Specificity
	Abstract	The size of the hippocampus has been previously shown to reflect species differences and sex differences in reliance on spatial memory to locate ecologically important resources, such as food and mates. Black-capped chickadees (Parus atricapillus) cached more food than did either Mexican chickadees (P. sclateri) or bridled titmice (P. wollweberi) in two tests of food storing, one conducted in an aviary and another in smaller home cages. Black-capped chickadees were also found to have a larger hippocampus, relative to the size of the telencephalon, than the other two species. Differences in the frequency of food storing behavior among the three species have probably produced differences in the use of hippocampus-dependent memory and spatial information processing to recover stored food, resulting in graded selection for size of the hippocampus.
	Address	Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0006-8977	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:7866771			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	379
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Houpt, T.R.
	Title	The physiological determination of meal size in pigs			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1985	Publication	The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society	Abbreviated Journal	Proc Nutr Soc
	Volume	44	Issue	2	Pages	323-330
	Keywords	Animals; Appetite/physiology; Drinking; Duodenum/physiology; Eating; Energy Intake; Food; Horses/physiology; Milk; Osmolar Concentration; Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology; Receptors, Cholecystokinin; Swine/physiology; Time Factors
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0029-6651	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:2996010			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	53
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Griffin, B.
	Title	The use of fecal markers to facilitate sample collection in group-housed cats			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2002	Publication	Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science / American Association for Laboratory Animal Science	Abbreviated Journal	Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci
	Volume	41	Issue	2	Pages	51-56
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal; Biological Markers/analysis; Cats/physiology/psychology; Diet/veterinary; Feces/chemistry; Food Coloring Agents/analysis; Housing, Animal; Individuality; Plastics/analysis; Specimen Handling/methods/veterinary
	Abstract	The provision of proper social housing is a priority when designing an experiment using domestic cats as laboratory animals. When animals are group-housed, studies requiring analysis of stool samples from individual subjects pose difficulty in sample collection and identification. In this study, commercially available concentrated food colorings (known as bakers pastes) were used as fecal markers in group-housed cats. Cats readily consumed 0.5 ml of bakers paste food coloring once daily in canned cat food. Colorings served as fecal markers by imparting a distinct color to each cat s feces, allowing identification in the litter box. In addition, colored glitter (1/8 teaspoon in canned food) was fed to cats and found to be a reliable fecal marker. Long-term feeding of colorings and glitter was found to be safe and effective at yielding readily identifiable stools.
	Address	Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama 36841, USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1060-0558	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:11958604			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4165
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Eisgruber, H.; Stolle, F.A.
	Title	[Clostridia in carcasses and fresh meat--a literature review]			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1992	Publication	Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. Series B	Abbreviated Journal	Zentralbl Veterinarmed B
	Volume	39	Issue	10	Pages	746-754
	Keywords	Abattoirs; Animals; Cattle; Clostridium/growth & development; Food Microbiology; Horses; Meat/microbiology; Muscles/microbiology; Sheep; Swine
	Abstract	Clostridia are of large clinical importance as well as in the field of food hygiene, where they are responsible for spoilage but they also have a certain significance as food poisoning organisms. Information on the ecology of Clostridia in samples of deep muscle tissue of slaughtered animals is insufficient. This article is intended to increase the knowledge on the occurrence of different Clostridia species in slaughtered animals. The main emphasis is put on the significance of clostridia in meat hygiene. The theoretical basis of the so called original content of microorganisms (intrinsic bacteria), the factors and pathways of Clostridia spreading in muscles and organs are demonstrated.
	Address	Institut fur Hygiene und Technologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	German	Summary Language		Original Title	Clostridien in Schlachttierkorpern und frischem Fleisch--Eine Literaturubersicht
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0514-7166	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:1492516			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2668
Permanent link to this record

Select All Deselect All

<< 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 >>

Details

CQL Search | Library Search | Show Record | Extract Citations

Help