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Author Anderson, C.; Franks, N.R. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Teams in animal societies Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Behavioral Ecology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol.  
  Volume (down) 12 Issue 5 Pages 534-540  
  Keywords animal societies, cooperation, division of labor, groups, invertebrates, task types, teams, vertebrates  
  Abstract We review the existence of teams in animal societies. Teams have previously been dismissed in all but a tiny minority of insect societies. “Team” is a term not generally used in studies of vertebrates. We propose a new rigorous definition of a team that may be applied to both vertebrate and invertebrate societies. We reconsider what it means to work as a team or group and suggest that there are many more teams in insect societies than previously thought. A team task requires different subtasks to be performed concurrently for successful completion. There is a division of labor within a team. Contrary to previous reviews of teams in social insects, we do not constrain teams to consist of members of different castes and argue that team members may be interchangeable. Consequently, we suggest that a team is simply the set of individuals that performs a team task. We contrast teams with groups and suggest that a group task requires the simultaneous performance and cooperation of two or more individuals for successful completion. In a group, there is no division of labor--each individual performs the same task. We also contrast vertebrate and invertebrate teams and find that vertebrate teams tend to be associated with hunting and are based on individual recognition. Invertebrate teams occur in societies characterized by a great deal of redundancy, and we predict that teams in insect societies are more likely to be found in large polymorphic (“complex”) societies than in small monomorphic (“simple”) societies.  
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  Notes 10.1093/beheco/12.5.534 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2070  
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Author Doutrelant, C.; McGregor, P. K.; Oliveira, R. F. url  openurl
  Title The effect of an audience on intrasexual communication in male Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Behavioral Ecology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol.  
  Volume (down) 12 Issue Pages 283-286  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4224  
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Author Sebastiani, F.; Meiswinkel, R.; Gomulski, L.M.; Guglielmino, C.R.; Mellor, P.S.; Malacrida, A.R.; Gasperi, G. openurl 
  Title Molecular differentiation of the Old World Culicoides imicola species complex (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae), inferred using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Molecular Ecology Abbreviated Journal Mol Ecol  
  Volume (down) 10 Issue 7 Pages 1773-1786  
  Keywords Africa; Animals; Ceratopogonidae/*classification/*genetics; Ecology; Evolution, Molecular; Female; *Genetic Markers; Madagascar; Phylogeny; *Polymorphism, Genetic; *Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; Variation (Genetics)  
  Abstract Samples of seven of the 10 morphological species of midges of the Culicoides imicola complex were considered. The importance of this species complex is connected to its vectorial capacity for African horse sickness virus (AHSV) and bluetongue virus (BTV). Consequently, the risk of transmission may vary dramatically, depending upon the particular cryptic species present in a given area. The species complex is confined to the Old World and our samples were collected in Southern Africa, Madagascar and the Ivory Coast. Genomic DNA of 350 randomly sampled individual midges from 19 populations was amplified using four 20-mer primers by the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. One hundred and ninety-six interpretable polymorphic bands were obtained. Species-specific RAPD profiles were defined and for five species diagnostic RAPD fragments were identified. A high degree of polymorphism was detected in the species complex, most of which was observed within populations (from 64 to 76%). Principal coordinate analysis (PCO) and cluster analysis provided an estimate of the degree of variation between and within populations and species. There was substantial concordance between the taxonomies derived from morphological and molecular data. The amount and the different distributions of genetic (RAPD) variation among the taxa can be associated to their life histories, i.e. the abundance and distribution of the larval breeding sites and their seasonality.  
  Address Department of Animal Biology, Laboratory of Zoology, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta 9, I-27100 Pavia, Italy  
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  ISSN 0962-1083 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:11472544 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2647  
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Author Stamps, J.A. doi  openurl
  Title Growth-mortality tradeoffs and 'personality traits' in animals Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Ecology Letters Abbreviated Journal Ecol Lett  
  Volume (down) 10 Issue 5 Pages 355-363  
  Keywords Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Growth; *Mortality; *Personality  
  Abstract Consistent individual differences in boldness, reactivity, aggressiveness, and other 'personality traits' in animals are stable within individuals but vary across individuals, for reasons which are currently obscure. Here, I suggest that consistent individual differences in growth rates encourage consistent individual differences in behavior patterns that contribute to growth-mortality tradeoffs. This hypothesis predicts that behavior patterns that increase both growth and mortality rates (e.g. foraging under predation risk, aggressive defense of feeding territories) will be positively correlated with one another across individuals, that selection for high growth rates will increase mean levels of potentially risky behavior across populations, and that within populations, faster-growing individuals will take more risks in foraging contexts than slower-growing individuals. Tentative empirical support for these predictions suggests that a growth-mortality perspective may help explain some of the consistent individual differences in behavioral traits that have been reported in fish, amphibians, reptiles, and other animals with indeterminate growth.  
  Address University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. jastamps@ucdavis.edu  
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  ISSN 1461-0248 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:17498134 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4100  
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Author Kokko, H.; Lopez-Sepulcre, A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title The ecogenetic link between demography and evolution: can we bridge the gap between theory and data? Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Ecology Letters Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (down) 10 Issue 9 Pages 773-782  
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  Abstract Abstract Calls to understand the links between ecology and evolution have been common for decades. Population dynamics, i.e. the demographic changes in populations, arise from life history decisions of individuals and thus are a product of selection, and selection, on the contrary, can be modified by such dynamical properties of the population as density and stability. It follows that generating predictions and testing them correctly requires considering this ecogenetic feedback loop whenever traits have demographic consequences, mediated via density dependence (or frequency dependence). This is not an easy challenge, and arguably theory has advanced at a greater pace than empirical research. However, theory would benefit from more interaction between related fields, as is evident in the many near-synonymous names that the ecogenetic loop has attracted. We also list encouraging examples where empiricists have shown feasible ways of addressing the question, ranging from advanced data analysis to experiments and comparative analyses of phylogenetic data.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4226  
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Author Noë, R.; Hammerstein, P. url  doi
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  Title Biological markets Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Trends in Ecology & Evolution Abbreviated Journal Trends. Ecol. Evol  
  Volume (down) 10 Issue 8 Pages 336-339  
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  Abstract In biological markets, two classes of traders exchange commodities to their mutual benefit. Characteristics of markets are: competition within trader classes by contest or outbidding; preference for partners offering the highest value; and conflicts over the exchange value of commodities. Biological markets are currently studied under at least three different headings: sexual selection, intraspecific cooperation and interspecific mutualism. The time is ripe for the development of game theoretic models that describe the common core of biological markets and integrate existing knowledge from the separate fields.  
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  ISSN 0169-5347 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4993  
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Author Connor, R.C. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Altruism among non-relatives: alternatives to the 'Prisoner's Dilemma' Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Trends in Ecology & Evolution Abbreviated Journal Trends Ecol Evol  
  Volume (down) 10 Issue 2 Pages 84-86  
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  Abstract Triver's model of reciprocal altruism, and its descendants based on the Prisoner's Dilemma model, have dominated thinking about cooperation and altruism between non-relatives. However, there are three alternative models of altruism directed to non-relatives. These models, which are not based on the Prisoner's Dilemma, may explain a variety of phenomena, from allogrooming among impala to helping by non-relatives in cooperatively breeding birds and mammals.  
  Address Division of Biological Sciences and The Michigan Society of Fellows, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, 48109, USA  
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  ISSN 0169-5347 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:21236964 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5407  
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Author Dellert, B.; Ganslosser, U. url  openurl
  Title Experimental alterations of food distribution in two species of captive equids (Equus burchelli and E. hemionus kulan) Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Ethology Ecology & Evolution (EEE) Abbreviated Journal Ethol Ecol Evol  
  Volume (down) 9 Issue 1 Pages 1-17  
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  Abstract n one group each of Plains zebra (six mares, one foal, one subadult) and Asiatic wild asses (seven mares, two foals) at Nuremberg Zoo, food distribution was experimentally changed from clumped (all food in one standard hay rack) to dispersed (one heap per animal). Both groups were characterized by different social structures, which basically remained during the experiment. Plains zebras had an individually structured system of social relationships in a dominance order, wild asses a more egalitarian system without clear-cut rank differences and low frequencies of agonistic interactions. Access to food accordingly was individually (but consistently) different for zebra mares, almost equal for wild ass mares. During the dispersed feeding situation frequencies of agonistic interactions in both species decreased (however non-significantly), individual distances increased but mares also frequently ''visited'' each others' heaps. Feeding time increased for all wild ass mares. Some individuals (in both groups) behaved ''against the trend'' in agonistic behaviour. The results are discussed with regard to food distribution for ungulates in general, and equid social systems.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2292  
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Author Wilson, S. D.; Clark, A. B.; Coleman, K.; Dearstyne, T. url  doi
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  Title Shyness and boldness in humans and other animals Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Trends in Ecology & Evolution Abbreviated Journal Trends. Ecol. Evol  
  Volume (down) 9 Issue 11 Pages 442-446  
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  Abstract The shy-bold continuum is a fundamental axis of behavioral variation in humans and at least some other species, but its taxonomic distribution and evolutionary implications are unknown. Models of optimal risk, density- or frequency-dependent selection, and phenotypic plasticity can provide a theoretical framework for understanding shyness and boldness as a product of natural selection. We sketch this framework and review the few empirical studies of shyness and boldness in natural populations. The study of shyness and boldness adds an interesting new dimension to behavioral ecology by focusing on the nature of continuous behavioral variation that exists within the familiar categories of age, sex and size.  
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  ISSN 0169-5347 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5161  
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Author Dugatkin, L.A. url  openurl
  Title Winner and loser effects and the structure of dominance hierarchies Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Behavioral Ecology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol.  
  Volume (down) 8 Issue 6 Pages 583-587  
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  Abstract In the literature on dominance hierarchies, “winner” and “loser” effects usually are denned as an increased probability of winning at time T, bated on victories at time T-l, T-2, etc, and an increased probability of losing at time T, based on losing at T-1, T-2, etc., respectively. Despite some early theoretical work on winner and loser effects, these factors and how they affect the structure of dominance hierarchies have not been examined in detail. I developed a computer simulation to examine winner and loser effects when such effects are independent of one another (as well as when they interact) and when combatants assess each other's resource-holding power. When winner effects alone were important, a hierarchy in which all individuals held an unambiguous rank was found. When only loser effects were important, a dear alpha individual always emerged, but the rank of others in the group was often unclear because of the scarcity of aggressive interactions. Increasing winner effects for a given value of the loser effect increase the number of individuals with unambiguous positions in a hierarchy and the converse is true for increasing the value of the loser effect for a given winner effect Although winner and loser effects have been documented in a number of species, no study has documented both winner and loser effects (using some controlled, pairwise testing system) and the detailed nature of behavioral interactions when individuals are in groups. I hope the results of this model will spur such studies in the future.  
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  Notes 10.1093/beheco/8.6.583 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 759  
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