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Author Fischhoff, I.; Dushoff, J.; Sundaresan, S.; Cordingley, J.; Rubenstein, D. doi  openurl
  Title (up) Reproductive status influences group size and persistence of bonds in male plains zebra (Equus burchelli) Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.  
  Volume 63 Issue 7 Pages 1035-1043-1043  
  Keywords Biomedical and Life Sciences  
  Abstract Animal groups arise from individuals’ choices about the number, characteristics, and identity of associates. Individuals make these choices to gain benefits from their associations. As the needs of an individual change with its phenotype, so too we expect the nature of its associations to vary. In this paper, we investigate how the social priorities of male plains zebra (Equus burchelli) depend on reproductive state. An adult male is either a bachelor, and lacking mating access, or a stallion defending a harem. Multiple harems and bachelor males aggregate in larger herds. Herds frequently split and merge, affording males opportunities to change associates. Over a 4-year period, we sampled the herd associations in a population of 500–700 zebras. To isolate the effects of reproductive state on male social behavior, we account for potential confounding factors: changes in population size, grouping tendencies, and sampling intensity. We develop a generally applicable permutation procedure, which allows us to test the null hypothesis that social behavior is independent of male status. Averaging over all individuals in the population, we find that a typical bachelor is found in herds containing significantly more adults, bachelors, and stallions than the herds of a typical stallion. Further, bachelors’ bonds with each other are more persistent over time than those among stallions. These results suggest that bachelors form cohesive cliques, in which we may expect cooperative behaviors to develop. Stallion–stallion associations are more diffuse, and less conducive to long-term cooperation.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Springer Berlin / Heidelberg Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0340-5443 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5193  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Krcmar, S.; Mikuska, A.; Merdic, E. openurl 
  Title (up) Response of Tabanidae (Diptera) to different natural attractants Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Journal of Vector Ecology : Journal of the Society for Vector Ecology Abbreviated Journal J Vector Ecol  
  Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 262-265  
  Keywords Animals; Appetitive Behavior/*physiology; Cattle/urine; Diptera/*physiology; Female; Horses/urine; Insect Control/methods; Sheep/urine; Swine/urine; Urine/*physiology  
  Abstract The response of female tabanids to natural attractants was studied in the Monjoros Forest along the Nature Park Kopacki rit in eastern Croatia. Tabanids were caught in canopy traps baited with either aged cow, horse, sheep, or pig urine and also in unbaited traps. Tabanids were collected in a significantly higher numbers in traps baited with natural attractants compared to unbaited traps. The number of females of Tabanus bromius, Tabanus maculicornis, Tabanus tergestinus, and Hybomitra bimaculata collected from canopy traps baited with cow urine and traps baited with other natural attractants differed significantly. Females of Haematopota pluvialis were also collected more frequently in canopy traps baited with aged cow urine than in those with aged horse urine, but this difference was not significant. However, the number of females of Haematopota pluvialis collected from canopy traps baited with other natural attractants (sheep and pig urine) differed significantly when compared with aged cow urine baited traps. Canopy traps baited with aged cow urine collected significantly more Tabanus sudeticus than did traps baited with aged pig urine. Finally, the aged cow urine baited canopy traps collected 51 times more tabanids than unbaited traps, while aged horse, aged sheep, and aged pig urine baited traps collected 36, 30, and 22 times as many tabanids, respectively, than unbaited traps.  
  Address Department of Biology, JJ Strossmayer University, Lj. Gaja 6, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1081-1710 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:17249343 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1836  
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Author Burton, A.C.; Neilson, E.; Moreira, D.; Ladle, A.; Steenweg, R.; Fisher, J.T.; Bayne, E.; Boutin, S. url  doi
openurl 
  Title (up) REVIEW: Wildlife camera trapping: a review and recommendations for linking surveys to ecological processes Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Journal of Applied Ecology Abbreviated Journal J Appl Ecol  
  Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages 675-685  
  Keywords animal movement; camera trap; capture-recapture; density estimation; imperfect detection; mammal monitoring; occupancy model; relative abundance; sampling error; wildlife survey methodology  
  Abstract Summary Reliable assessment of animal populations is a long-standing challenge in wildlife ecology. Technological advances have led to widespread adoption of camera traps (CTs) to survey wildlife distribution, abundance and behaviour. As for any wildlife survey method, camera trapping must contend with sources of sampling error such as imperfect detection. Early applications focused on density estimation of naturally marked species, but there is growing interest in broad-scale CT surveys of unmarked populations and communities. Nevertheless, inferences based on detection indices are controversial, and the suitability of alternatives such as occupancy estimation is debatable. We reviewed 266 CT studies published between 2008 and 2013. We recorded study objectives and methodologies, evaluating the consistency of CT protocols and sampling designs, the extent to which CT surveys considered sampling error, and the linkages between analytical assumptions and species ecology. Nearly two-thirds of studies surveyed more than one species, and a majority used response variables that ignored imperfect detection (e.g. presence?absence, relative abundance). Many studies used opportunistic sampling and did not explicitly report details of sampling design and camera deployment that could affect conclusions. Most studies estimating density used capture?recapture methods on marked species, with spatially explicit methods becoming more prominent. Few studies estimated density for unmarked species, focusing instead on occupancy modelling or measures of relative abundance. While occupancy studies estimated detectability, most did not explicitly define key components of the modelling framework (e.g. a site) or discuss potential violations of model assumptions (e.g. site closure). Studies using relative abundance relied on assumptions of equal detectability, and most did not explicitly define expected relationships between measured responses and underlying ecological processes (e.g. animal abundance and movement). Synthesis and applications. The rapid adoption of camera traps represents an exciting transition in wildlife survey methodology. We remain optimistic about the technology's promise, but call for more explicit consideration of underlying processes of animal abundance, movement and detection by cameras, including more thorough reporting of methodological details and assumptions. Such transparency will facilitate efforts to evaluate and improve the reliability of camera trap surveys, ultimately leading to stronger inferences and helping to meet modern needs for effective ecological inquiry and biodiversity monitoring.  
  Address  
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  Publisher John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Place of Publication Editor  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0021-8901 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12432 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6703  
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Author Zervanos Sm, K.R. openurl 
  Title (up) Seasonal home ranges and activity patterns of feral assateague island ponies Type Conference Volume
  Year 1979 Publication Symposium on the Ecology and Behavior of wild and feral Equids, Laramie Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 3-14  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1753  
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Author Ben-Shahar, R doi  openurl
  Title (up) Selectivity in large generalist herbivores: feeding patterns of African ungulates in a semi-arid habitat Type Journal Article
  Year 1991 Publication African Journal of Ecology Abbreviated Journal Afr. J. Ecol.  
  Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 302-315  
  Keywords diet; forage production; grazing; wildebeest; zebra  
  Abstract Feeding habits of free-ranging wildebeest and zebra were monitored in a semi-arid nature reserve, bordering the southwestern part of Kruger National Park, South Africa. The purpose of study was to distinguish and define the feeding niches of two roughage grazers that occur in similar habitat types. The monthly compositions of diets were evaluated by direct observations of feeding bouts over a period of two years when rainfall patterns were average and animal populations were stable. Other analyses evaluated the standing biomass of grass species in the reserve during the wet summer and dry winter seasons.

A considerable overlap of grass species composition was found in the diets of wildebeest and zebra. Ordination of bi-monthly records of the diet composition showed greater variations in scores of grasses in zebra diet in comparison to wildebeest. Seasonal patterns were more apparent in the wildebeest diet. Preference ranking of grass species indicated that zebra diet remained constant in winter and summer. Wildebeest diet however, alternated with seasons, showing high preferences during the winter months for grass species which were rejected during summer.

The combined assessment of results from three separate statistical methods analysing temporal patterns and preferences in diet composition revealed contradictory trends. The solution, however, relied on the initial assumptions posed. Hence, wildebeest and zebra are essentially generalist feeders which show a limited amount of preference in their choice of diet.
 
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2226  
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Author Hildenbrandt, H.; Carere, C.; Hemelrijk, C.K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title (up) Self-organized aerial displays of thousands of starlings: a model Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Behavioral Ecology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol.  
  Volume 21 Issue 6 Pages 1349-1359  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Through combining theoretical models and empirical data, complexity science has increased our understanding of social behavior of animals, in particular of social insects, primates, and fish. What are missing are studies of collective behavior of huge swarms of birds. Recently detailed empirical data have been collected of the swarming maneuvers of large flocks of thousands of starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) at their communal sleeping site (roost). Their flocking maneuvers are of dazzling complexity in their changes in density and flock shape, but the processes underlying them are still a mystery. Recent models show that flocking may arise by self-organization from rules of co-ordination with nearby neighbors, but patterns in these models come nowhere near the complexity of those of the real starlings. The question of this paper, therefore, is whether such complex patterns can emerge by self-organization. In our computer model, called StarDisplay, we combine the usual rules of co-ordination based on separation, attraction, and alignment with specifics of starling behavior: 1) simplified aerodynamics of flight, especially rolling during turning, 2) movement above a “roosting area” (sleeping site), and 3) the low fixed number of interaction neighbors (i.e., the topological range). Our model generates patterns that resemble remarkably not only qualitative but also quantitative empirical data collected in Rome through video recordings and position measurements by stereo photography. Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying complex flocking maneuvers of starlings and other birds.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5403  
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Author Garott, R.A. doi  openurl
  Title (up) Sex Ratios and Differential Survival of Feral Hors Type Journal Article
  Year 1991 Publication Journal of Animal Ecology Abbreviated Journal J Anim Ecol  
  Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 929-936  
  Keywords  
  Abstract (1) Sex and age data were collected on 60 111 feral horses (Equus caballus L.) removed from eighty-nine areas in Nevada, Wyoming, and Oregon between 1976 and 1987. (2) Sex ratios of young seldom differed from parity; however, sex ratios of adults were commonly skewed toward females. No evidence of differential capture probability between adult males and females could be detected; therefore, skewed adult sex ratios were attributed to differential survival. (3) Age-specific trends in sex ratios indicated that the proportion of males steadily decreased from near parity in foals, to lows of 0.61-0.77 in the 4-5-year age-classes. The trend then reversed with males becoming predominant (1.08-1.36) in the > 10 years age-class. (4) Population simulations suggest that survival diffentials of 0.05-0.07, favouring females to 4 years of age, and 0.02-0.04 favouring males in older age-classes were required to mimic observed age-specific sex ratio changes. To obtain the high proportion of males in the > 10-years age-class, onset of senescence also had to be earlier for females. (5) Causes for differential survival in the immature age-classes are uncertain, but may relate to behavioural or metabolic differences between the sexes. Differential survival between adult males and females is attributed to differences in the energetic costs of reproduction and disparity in their reproductive life spans.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2294  
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Author Pusey, A.E. url  doi
openurl 
  Title (up) Sex-biased dispersal and inbreeding avoidance in birds and mammals Type Journal Article
  Year 1987 Publication Trends in Ecology & Evolution Abbreviated Journal Trends. Ecol. Evol  
  Volume 2 Issue 10 Pages 295-299  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Sex differences in dispersal distance are widespread in birds and mammals, but the predominantly dispersing sex differs consistently between the classes. There has been persistent debate over the relative importance of two factors -- intrasexual competition and inbreeding avoidance -- in producing sex-biased dispersal, and over the sources of the difference in dispersal patterns between the two classes. Recent studies cast new light on these questions.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0169-5347 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5326  
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Author Meriggi, A.; Dagradi, V.; Dondina, O.; Perversi, M.; Milanesi, P.; Lombardini, M.; Raviglione, S.; Repossi, A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title (up) Short-term responses of wolf feeding habits to changes of wild and domestic ungulate abundance in Northern Italy Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Ethology Ecology & Evolution Abbreviated Journal Ethology Ecology & Evolution  
  Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 389-411  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Taylor & Francis Place of Publication Editor  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0394-9370 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes doi: 10.1080/03949370.2014.986768 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6688  
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Author Wilson, S. D.; Clark, A. B.; Coleman, K.; Dearstyne, T. url  doi
openurl 
  Title (up) Shyness and boldness in humans and other animals Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Trends in Ecology & Evolution Abbreviated Journal Trends. Ecol. Evol  
  Volume 9 Issue 11 Pages 442-446  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The shy-bold continuum is a fundamental axis of behavioral variation in humans and at least some other species, but its taxonomic distribution and evolutionary implications are unknown. Models of optimal risk, density- or frequency-dependent selection, and phenotypic plasticity can provide a theoretical framework for understanding shyness and boldness as a product of natural selection. We sketch this framework and review the few empirical studies of shyness and boldness in natural populations. The study of shyness and boldness adds an interesting new dimension to behavioral ecology by focusing on the nature of continuous behavioral variation that exists within the familiar categories of age, sex and size.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0169-5347 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5161  
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