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Author Arnold, W.; Ruf, T.; Kuntz, R. doi  openurl
  Title Seasonal adjustment of energy budget in a large wild mammal, the Przewalski horse (Equus ferus przewalskii) II. Energy expenditure Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication The Journal of experimental biology Abbreviated Journal J Exp Biol  
  Volume 209 Issue Pt 22 Pages 4566-4573  
  Keywords Animals; Animals, Wild/*physiology; Body Temperature; Body Temperature Regulation; Eating; *Energy Metabolism; Female; Heart Rate; Horses/*physiology; Male; Motor Activity; Pregnancy; Reproduction; *Seasons  
  Abstract Many large mammals show pronounced seasonal fluctuations of metabolic rate (MR). It has been argued, based on studies in ruminants, that this variation merely results from different levels of locomotor activity (LA), and heat increment of feeding (HI). However, a recent study in red deer (Cervus elaphus) identified a previously unknown mechanism in ungulates--nocturnal hypometabolism--that contributed significantly to reduced energy expenditure, mainly during late winter. The relative contribution of these different mechanisms to seasonal adjustments of MR is still unknown, however. Therefore, in the study presented here we quantified for the first time the independent contribution of thermoregulation, LA and HI to heart rate (f(H)) as a measure of MR in a free-roaming large ungulate, the Przewalski horse or Takhi (Equus ferus przewalskii Poljakow). f(H) varied periodically throughout the year with a twofold increase from a mean of 44 beats min(-1) during December and January to a spring peak of 89 beats min(-1) at the beginning of May. LA increased from 23% per day during December and January to a mean level of 53% per day during May, and declined again thereafter. Daily mean subcutaneous body temperature (T(s)) declined continuously during winter and reached a nadir at the beginning of April (annual range was 5.8 degrees C), well after the annual low of air temperature and LA. Lower T(s) during winter contributed considerably to the reduction in f(H). In addition to thermoregulation, f(H) was affected by reproduction, LA, HI and unexplained seasonal variation, presumably reflecting to some degree changes in organ mass. The observed phase relations of seasonal changes indicate that energy expenditure was not a consequence of energy uptake but is under endogenous control, preparing the organism well in advance of seasonal energetic demands.  
  Address Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1, 1160 Vienna, Austria. walter.arnold@vu-wien.ac.at  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0022-0949 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:17079726 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1782  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Lemasson, J.J.; Fontenille, D.; Lochouarn, L.; Dia, I.; Simard, F.; Ba, K.; Diop, A.; Diatta, M.; Molez, J.F. openurl 
  Title Comparison of behavior and vector efficiency of Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis (Diptera:Culicidae) in Barkedji, a Sahelian area of Senegal Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Journal of Medical Entomology Abbreviated Journal J Med Entomol  
  Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 396-403  
  Keywords Animals; Anopheles/*parasitology; *Behavior, Animal; Cattle; Desert Climate; Horses/parasitology; Humans; Insect Vectors/*parasitology; Longitudinal Studies; Malaria/*transmission; Malaria, Falciparum/transmission; Periodicity; Plasmodium malariae/isolation & purification; Protozoan Proteins/analysis; Rain; Seasons; Senegal; Sheep/parasitology; Species Specificity  
  Abstract The ecology, population dynamics, and malaria vector efficiency of Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis were studied for 2 yr in a Sahelian village of Senegal. Anophelines were captured at human bait and resting indoors by pyrethrum spray. Mosquitoes belonging to the An. gambiae complex were identified by polymerase chain reaction. Of 26,973 females, An. arabiensis represented 79% of the mosquitoes captured and remained in the study area longer than An. gambiae after the rains terminated. There were no differences in nocturnal biting cycles or endophagous rates between An. gambiae and An. arabiensis. Based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test of bloodmeals, the anthropophilic rate of these 2 vectors were both approximately 60%, when comparisons were made during the same period. Overall, 18% of the resting females had patent mixed bloodmeals, mainly human-bovine. The parity rates of An. gambiae and An. arabiensis varied temporally. Despite similar behavior, the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) rates were different between An. gambiae (4.1%) and An. arabiensis (1.3%). P. malariae and P. ovale only represented 4% of the total Plasmodium identified in mosquitoes. Transmission was seasonal, occurring mainly during 4 mo. The CSP entomological inoculation rates were 128 bites per human per year for the 1st yr and 100 for the 2nd yr. Because of the combination of a high human biting rate and a low CSP rate, An. arabiensis accounted for 63% of transmission. Possible origin of differences in CSP rate between An. gambiae and An. arabiensis is discussed in relation to the parity rate, blood feeding frequency, and the hypothesis of genetic factors.  
  Address Institut Francais de Recherche Scientifique pour le Developpement en cooperation (ORSTOM), Institut Pasteur, Dakar, Senegal  
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  ISSN (up) 0022-2585 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:9220672 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2655  
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Author Stout, I.J.; Clifford, C.M.; Keirans, J.E.; Portman, R.W. openurl 
  Title Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (Acarina: Ixodidae) established in southeastern Washington and northern Idaho Type Journal Article
  Year 1971 Publication Journal of Medical Entomology Abbreviated Journal J Med Entomol  
  Volume 8 Issue 2 Pages 143-147  
  Keywords Animals; Arthropod Vectors; Disease Reservoirs/*epidemiology; Dogs; Ecology; Female; Horses; Humans; Idaho; Larva; Male; Seasons; Sheep; Tick Infestations/*epidemiology/veterinary; Ticks/*classification; Washington; Zoonoses  
  Abstract  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  ISSN (up) 0022-2585 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:5157834 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2729  
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Author Hoogstraal, H.; Mitchell, R.M. openurl 
  Title Haemaphysalis (Alloceraea) aponommoides Warburton (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), description of immature stages, hosts, distribution, and ecology in India, Nepal, Sikkim, and China Type Journal Article
  Year 1971 Publication The Journal of Parasitology Abbreviated Journal J Parasitol  
  Volume 57 Issue 3 Pages 635-645  
  Keywords Altitude; Animals; Artiodactyla; Birds; Buffaloes; Carnivora; Cattle; China; Deer; Dogs; Ecology; Female; Goats; Horses; Humans; India; Insectivora; Larva/anatomy & histology; Male; Mice; Nepal; Rats; Rodentia; Sciuridae; Seasons; Sheep; Tick Infestations/*epidemiology; Ticks/*anatomy & histology/growth & development  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0022-3395 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:5090972 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2730  
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Author Dyer, F.C. doi  openurl
  Title Animal behaviour: when it pays to waggle Type
  Year 2002 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume 419 Issue 6910 Pages 885-886  
  Keywords *Animal Communication; Animals; Bees/*physiology; California; Dancing/physiology; Environment; Evolution; Female; Flowers/chemistry; *Food; Gravitation; Lighting; Motor Activity/*physiology; Odors; Seasons; Sunlight  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0028-0836 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:12410290 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 769  
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Author Ogbourne, C.P. openurl 
  Title Variations in the fecundity of strongylid worms of the horse Type Journal Article
  Year 1971 Publication Parasitology Abbreviated Journal Parasitology  
  Volume 63 Issue 2 Pages 289-298  
  Keywords Animals; Animals, Newborn; Ecology; Feces; Female; Horses; Larva/growth & development; Male; Ovum; Parasite Egg Count; Reproduction; Seasons; Strongyle Infections, Equine/*etiology; Strongyloides/*growth & development; Time Factors  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0031-1820 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:5129804 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2727  
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Author Mirzaeva, A.G. openurl 
  Title [Age makeup of female Culicoides sinanoensis Tok. in the coniferous-broad-leaved forest zone of the southern Maritime Territory] Type Journal Article
  Year 1974 Publication Parazitologiia Abbreviated Journal Parazitologiia  
  Volume 8 Issue 6 Pages 524-530  
  Keywords Age Factors; Animals; *Ceratopogonidae/physiology; Corpus Luteum/physiology; Ecology; Female; Horses/parasitology; Humans; Ovulation; Pigments, Biological/physiology; Seasons; Siberia; Trees  
  Abstract  
  Address  
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  Language Russian Summary Language Original Title Vozrastnoi sostav samok Culicoides sinanoensis Tok. v zone khvoino-shirokolistvennykh lesov Iuzhnogo Primor'ia  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0031-1847 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:4449654 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2707  
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Author Bertram, D.S. openurl 
  Title Mosquitoes of British Honduras, with some comments on malaria, and on arbovirus antibodies in man and equines Type Journal Article
  Year 1971 Publication Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Abbreviated Journal Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg  
  Volume 65 Issue 6 Pages 742-762  
  Keywords Aedes; Animals; Anopheles; Antibodies/*analysis; Arbovirus Infections/*epidemiology/immunology/veterinary; Belize; Culex; *Culicidae/classification; Ecology; Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis/immunology; Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/immunology; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology/immunology; Horses; Humans; Insect Vectors; Malaria/*epidemiology; Neutralization Tests; Seasons  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0035-9203 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:4400502 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2732  
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Author Chmel, L.; Hasilikova, A.; Hrasko, J.; Vlacilikova, A. openurl 
  Title The influence of some ecological factors on keratinophilic fungi in the soil Type Journal Article
  Year 1972 Publication Sabouraudia Abbreviated Journal Sabouraudia  
  Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 26-34  
  Keywords Animals; Arthrodermataceae/growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism; Carbohydrates; Czechoslovakia; Ecology; Fungi/growth & development/*isolation & purification/metabolism; Hair; Horses; Humic Substances; Humidity; Keratins/metabolism; Microsporum/isolation & purification; Mitosporic Fungi/isolation & purification; Phosphates; Seasons; Soil; *Soil Microbiology; Species Specificity; Temperature; Trichophyton/isolation & purification  
  Abstract  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0036-2174 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:5063162 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2719  
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Author Mills, D.S.; Taylor, K. openurl 
  Title Field study of the efficacy of three types of nose net for the treatment of headshaking in horses Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication The Veterinary Record Abbreviated Journal Vet. Rec.  
  Volume 152 Issue 2 Pages 41-44  
  Keywords Animals; Female; Horse Diseases/pathology/*prevention & control; Horses; Male; Nose; Protective Devices/*veterinary; Seasons; Severity of Illness Index; *Stereotypic Movement Disorder; Treatment Outcome  
  Abstract Thirty-six owners of seasonally headshaking horses took part in a trial to compare the effectiveness of three types of nose net, a traditional cylindrical net (full net) and two forms of larger mesh nets which cover only the nostrils and dorsorostral muzzle (half nets). Baseline data relating to the overall severity of the problem and 18 specific behaviours describing the nature of the problem were recorded on a check sheet by the owners. A within-subjects repeated measures design experiment, with each net used for a week before reassessment, was then used to assess the effect of the nets on the headshaking problem. Approximately 75 per cent of owners reported some overall improvement with each net; around 60 per cent recorded a 50 per cent or greater improvement and 30 per cent a 70 per cent or greater improvement. The nets significantly reduced the overall headshaking score and the following specific behaviours: up-and-down headshaking, nose flipping, acting as if a bee had flown up the nose, shaking at exercise, shaking when excited, shaking in bright sunlight or in windy conditions (P < 0.0001), striking at the face, shaking at night, rubbing the nose when moving, rubbing the nose on objects, sneezing, shaking in the rain and shaking indoors (P < 0.05). There was no evidence of a significant effect on side-to-side headshaking, shaking at rest or rubbing the nose when stationary, but the effect on snorting was uncertain. There were few significant differences between the nets, but the half nets were reported to be significantly better at controlling 'bee up the nose' behaviour. Horses more than 10 years old were reportedly less likely to show a 50 per cent or greater improvement in 'nose flipping' and 'headshaking at exercise.  
  Address Animal Behaviour, Cognition and Welfare Group, University of Lincoln, Riseholme Park, Lincoln LN2 2LG  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0042-4900 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:12553579 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1909  
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