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Author Penzhorn Bl, L.P. openurl 
  Title Comparisons of reproductive parameters of two Cape mountain zebra populations Type Journal Article
  Year 1987 Publication Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fert Suppl  
  Volume 35 Issue Pages (down) 661-663  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1462  
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Author Westlin-van Aarde, L.M.; van Aarde, R. J.; Skinner, J. D. doi  openurl
  Title Reproduction in female Hartmann's zebra Type Journal Article
  Year 1988 Publication Journal of Reproduction and Fertility Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fert  
  Volume 84 Issue Pages (down) 505-511  
  Keywords zebra; reproduction; ovaries; seasonality; progesterone  
  Abstract Ovaries, fetuses and plasma were collected from zebra mares shot in the Etosha National Park in Namibia between 15 and 25 August 1983. Ovarian weight was affected by reproductive status and most of the non-pregnant mares were anoestrous. The number of follicles varied between individuals and only pro-oestrous/oestrous mares had follicles larger than 20 mm in diameter. The largest follicle in pregnant mares was only 9 mm in diameter. Corpora lutea and corpora albicantia were found in non-pregnant as well as pregnant mares: 4 pregnant mares had only corpora albicantia. The presence of secondary corpora lutea could not be confirmed in any of the pregnant mares. Implantation was estimated to occur at around 73 days of gestation, and most mares (84%) had conceived between November and April. Peripheral concentrations of plasma progesterone during pregnancy varied from 0·5 to 2·4 ng/ml.  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 1705  
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Author Douglas Rh, G.O. openurl 
  Title Development of the equine fetus and placenta Type Journal Article
  Year 1975 Publication Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fert (Suppl)  
  Volume 23 Issue Pages (down) 495-498  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1023  
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Author Niekerk Van Ch, A.W. openurl 
  Title Early embryonic development in the horse Type Journal Article
  Year 1975 Publication Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fert Suppl  
  Volume 23 Issue Pages (down) 495-498  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1417  
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Author Schwarzenberger, F.; Mostl, E.; Bamberg, E.; Pammer, J.; Schmehlik, O. openurl 
  Title Concentrations of progestagens and oestrogens in the faeces of pregnant Lipizzan, trotter and thoroughbred mares Type Journal Article
  Year 1991 Publication Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fertil Suppl  
  Volume 44 Issue Pages (down) 489-499  
  Keywords Animals; Estrogens/*analysis; Feces/*chemistry; Female; Gestational Age; Horses/*metabolism; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Labor, Obstetric; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal/*metabolism; Pregnenes/analysis; Progestins/*analysis  
  Abstract Faecal samples were collected at weekly intervals from pregnant Lipizzan mares during Weeks 7-16 following mating and from Lipizzan, Trotter and Thoroughbred mares during the last 3 months of gestation. After parturition, samples were taken daily from the Thoroughbred mares for another 6 days. Non-pregnant mares served as controls. The concentrations of unconjugated oestrogens (Eg), 20 alpha-OH-progestagens (20 alpha-G) and 20 beta-OH-progestagens (20 beta-G) were measured by enzyme immunoassay. In the faeces of Lipizzan mares, immunoreactive progestagens were significantly (P less than 0.01) elevated above the levels in non-pregnant mares by Week 11, and Eg by Week 13 of pregnancy onwards. During the last 3 months of gestation, concentrations of Eg were significantly higher in Trotter mares than in Lipizzan and Thoroughbred mares. Concentrations of 20 alpha-G and 20 beta-G increased to maximal values in the last month of gestation. There was no significant difference among the 3 breeds with respect to 20 alpha-G but, during the 10 weeks before parturition, concentrations of 20 beta-G in the Lipizzan mares were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than those in the Thoroughbred mares. They were also significantly lower than those of the Trotter mares during the last 4 weeks of gestation. After parturition, the concentrations of Eg and progestagens had declined to baseline values by Days 3 and 4 respectively. From these results we conclude that high concentrations of progestagens with 20 alpha- and 20 beta-hydroxyl groups are present in the faeces of pregnant mares, especially during the last month of gestation.  
  Address Institut fur Biochemie, Veterinary Medical University, Vienna, Austria  
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  ISSN 0449-3087 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:1795293 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 322  
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Author Lucas, Z.; Raeside, J.I.; Betteridge, K.J. openurl 
  Title Non-invasive assessment of the incidences of pregnancy and pregnancy loss in the feral horses of Sable Island Type Journal Article
  Year 1991 Publication Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fertil Suppl  
  Volume 44 Issue Pages (down) 479-488  
  Keywords Abortion, Veterinary/*epidemiology; Animals; Animals, Wild/*physiology; Atlantic Islands; Estrogens/analysis; Feces/chemistry; Female; Fertilization; Gestational Age; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology; Horses; Incidence; Pregnancy; *Pregnancy, Animal  
  Abstract Field observations of 400 totally unmanaged feral horses on Sable Island, Nova Scotia, were complemented by oestrogen determinations in faecal samples from 154 identified females over a 4-year period (454 mare-years). Of mares that were sampled throughout the year and subsequently produced foals, 92.1% exhibited elevated faecal oestrogens between 15 October and 30 March. The results confirm that faecal oestrogens are a useful indicator of pregnancy after approximately 120 days gestation. Distribution of foaling resembled that seen in other feral populations, with 95% of births occurring from April through July. The foaling rate for mares aged 3 years or older was 62.0%, with 50.7% of mares foaling in 3 or 4 years. Foaling rates were low (4.1%) in mares bred as yearlings and rose with age to 70.8% in those bred as 4-year-olds. Fetal loss after Day 120 was deduced from faecal oestrogens to be 26.0% overall, with marked variation from year to year (9.6-37.3%) and with age (70.0% in those bred as yearlings, decreasing to 5.6% in those bred as 4-year-olds). Of 58 mares aged 2 years or older that were sampled every year, about half (49.6%) the barren years were attributable to fetal loss after 120 days gestation. All mares conceived in at least 2 of the 4 years, suggesting that pregnancy loss, even after Day 120, is as important as failure to conceive in causing barren years.  
  Address Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Canada  
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  ISSN 0449-3087 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:1795292 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2247  
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Author Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Liu, I.M.; Turner, J.W.J.; Naugle, R.; Keiper, R. openurl 
  Title Long-term effects of porcine zonae pellucidae immunocontraception on ovarian function in feral horses (Equus caballus) Type Journal Article
  Year 1992 Publication Journal of reproduction and fertility Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fertil  
  Volume 94 Issue 2 Pages (down) 437-444  
  Keywords Animals; Contraception, Immunologic/*veterinary; *Egg Proteins; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/urine; Female; Glycoproteins/*pharmacology; Horses/immunology/*physiology; *Membrane Glycoproteins; Ovary/drug effects/*physiology; Progesterone/metabolism; *Receptors, Cell Surface; Swine/immunology; Time Factors; Zona Pellucida/*immunology  
  Abstract Ten feral mares free-roaming in Maryland, USA, were inoculated with porcine zonae pellucidae (PZP) protein before the breeding season for three consecutive years (1988-90). Ovarian function was monitored for 51 days during the peak of the breeding season after the third annual PZP inoculation, in seven of these mares and in four untreated control mares, by means of urinary oestrone conjugates and nonspecific progesterone metabolites. None of the ten inoculated mares became pregnant in 1990, compared with 55% of 20 control mares, which included two of the four monitored for ovarian function. Three of the untreated mares demonstrated apparent normal ovarian activity, characterized by preovulatory oestrogen peaks, concurrent progesterone nadirs at ovulation, breeding activity, and luteal-phase progesterone increases after ovulation. Two of the seven monitored PZP-treated mares demonstrated ovulatory cycles that did not result in conception. One was pregnant as a result of conception in 1989 and demonstrated a normal, late-gestation, endocrine profile. The remaining four PZP-treated mares revealed no evidence of ovulation, and urinary oestrogen concentrations were significantly depressed. The experiments indicated that (i) a third consecutive annual PZP booster inoculation is greater than 90% effective in preventing pregnancies in mares and (ii) three consecutive years of PZP treatment may interfere with normal ovarian function as shown by markedly depressed oestrogen secretion.  
  Address Deaconess Research Institute, Billings, MT 59102  
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  ISSN 0022-4251 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:1317449 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 145  
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Author Penzhorn, B. L.; van der Merwe, N. J. doi  openurl
  Title Testis size and onset of spermatogenesis in Cape mountain zebras (Equus zebra zebra) Type Journal Article
  Year 1988 Publication Journal of Reproduction and Fertility Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fert  
  Volume 83 Issue Pages (down) 371-375  
  Keywords mountain zebra; testis size; spermatogenesis  
  Abstract Testis mass of adult Cape mountain zebra stallions (mean 70·0 g) was appreciably less than that of other zebra species and domestic horses. The histological appearance of the testes of 11-, 24- and 29-month-old colts was typically prepubertal. Spermatogenic activity of a 4-year-old stallion obtained at the end of summer was at a very low level, while a 4·5-year-old stallion obtained 6 weeks after the winter solstice showed a marked increase in spermatogenesis compared with the 4-year-old. Stallions 6·5-19 years of age collected in different seasons all showed active spermatogenesis.  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 1463  
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Author Rossdale Pd, S.R. openurl 
  Title The time of foaling of thoroughbred mares Type Journal Article
  Year 1967 Publication Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fert  
  Volume 13 Issue Pages (down) 342-343  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1521  
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Author Klingel H, openurl 
  Title Reproduction in the Plains Zebra, Equus burchelli boehmi: Behaviour and Ecological Factors Type Journal Article
  Year 1969 Publication Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fert Suppl  
  Volume 6 Issue Pages (down) 339-345  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1292  
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