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Author  |
Houpt, K.A.; Perry, P.J.; Hintz, H.F.; Houpt, T.R. |
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Title |
Effect of meal frequency on fluid balance and behavior of ponies |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Physiology & behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol. Behav. |
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Volume |
42 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
401-407 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Blood Proteins/analysis; *Eating; Female; Hematocrit; Horses/blood/*physiology; Osmolar Concentration; *Water-Electrolyte Balance |
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Abstract |
Twelve ponies were fed their total daily ration either as one large meal or divided into six small meals. Pre- and post-feeding behavior was recorded six times a day. Blood samples were taken for 30 min before and two hr after the meal. Plasma protein increased from 7.0 to a peak of 7.3 g/dl with small meals and from 7.3 to 8.1 g/dl with large meals, and returned to pre-feeding levels by 90 min post-feeding. Hematocrit rose from 33.3 to 34.1% with small meals and from 33.0 to 36.0% with large meals. These rapid and short-lived increases indicate a decrease in plasma volume. Plasma osmolality rose with feeding from 283 to 285 mosmoles/kg with small meals and from 281 to 288 mosmoles/kg with large meals. Water availability had no significant effect on blood changes. Digestibility and rate of passage were measured with chromic oxide, but there were no differences. Vocalizing (neighing) and walking occurred more often before than after feeding, while eating bedding and engaging in other oral behaviors were more frequent after feeding. |
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Department of Physiology, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853 |
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0031-9384 |
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PMID:3393599 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
47 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.A.; Smith, R. |
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Title |
Animal behavior case of the month |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
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Volume |
203 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
377-378 |
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Keywords |
Aggression; Animals; Animals, Zoo/*psychology; *Behavior, Animal; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Horses/*psychology; *Weaning |
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Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401 |
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0003-1488 |
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PMID:8226214 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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37 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.A.; Thornton, S.N.; Allen, W.R. |
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Title |
Vasopressin in dehydrated and rehydrated ponies |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1989 |
Publication |
Physiology & behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol. Behav. |
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Volume |
45 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
659-661 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Dehydration/*blood; Drinking Behavior/*physiology; Female; Horses/*blood; Osmolar Concentration; Reaction Time; Time Factors; Vasopressins/*blood |
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Abstract |
Six pony mares deprived of water for 24 hours showed significant increases in plasma vasopressin (2.8 pg/ml) and osmolality (9 mosmol/kg). When water was made available the ponies drank rapidly (5 of 6 drank to satiety within 90 seconds) and corrected their fluid deficits precisely. Vasopressin did not return to predehydration levels until osmolality did after 15 minutes of access to water. The horse differs from rodents and humans, but is similar to pigs in that vasopressin levels do not fall before osmolality returns to normal. Oropharyngeal factors, therefore, may not be as important in vasopressin release in horses as in other species. |
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New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853-6401 |
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0031-9384 |
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Notes |
PMID:2756059 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
45 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.A.; Wolski, T.R. |
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Title |
Stability of equine hierarchies and the prevention of dominance related aggression |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Equine veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
15-18 |
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Keywords |
*Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Feeding Behavior; Female; *Hierarchy, Social; *Horses; Humans; Male; Maternal Behavior; *Social Dominance |
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Abstract |
The dominance hierarchy of a herd of 10 Thoroughbred mares was determined twice, at an interval of 18 months, using paired feeding tests. Each mare's rank was correlated significantly between the 2 tests. This indicated that the hierarchy within the herd was stable. The offspring of dominant and subordinate mares were also tested for dominance in their own age groups. The offspring of dominant mares tended to be near the top of the hierarchy while those of middle and low ranking mares were not consistently found in the middle or bottom of their own hierarchies. Paired feeding tests were carried out on 8 ponies. During tests the time that each pony spent eating and the ponies' aggressive interactions were recorded. Two situations were used. Each pony-pair was tested when both ponies were in the same paddock and also when they were separated by a rail fence. The subordinate ponies spent significantly more time eating and the domonant pony was significantly less aggressive, when the pony-pair was separated by a fence than when they were in one paddock. It was concluded that the dominance hierarchies of adult horse groups changed very little over time and that the foals of dominant mares will tend to be dominant in their own age groups. Management practices can be used to reduce aggression and consequent injury that may arise in group feeding situations. |
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0425-1644 |
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Notes |
PMID:7189148 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
59 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.A.; Zahorik, D.M.; Swartzman-Andert, J.A. |
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Title |
Taste aversion learning in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Journal of animal science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
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Volume |
68 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
2340-2344 |
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Keywords |
Animal Feed; Animals; *Avoidance Learning; Feeding Behavior/*psychology; *Food Preferences; Horses/physiology/*psychology; *Taste |
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Abstract |
The ability of ponies to learn to avoid a relatively novel food associated with illness was tested in three situations: when illness occurred immediately after consuming a feed; when illness occurred 30 min after consuming a feed; and when illness was contingent upon eating one of three feeds offered simultaneously. Apomorphine was used to produce illness. The feeds associated with illness were corn, alfalfa pellets, sweet feed and a complete pelleted feed. The ponies learned to avoid all the fees except the complete feed when apomorphine injection immediately followed consumption of the feed. However, the ponies did not learn to avoid a feed if apomorphine was delayed 30 min after feed consumption. They could learn to avoid alfalfa pellets, but not corn, when these feeds were presented with the familiar “safe foods,” oats and soybean meal. Ponies apparently are able to learn a taste aversion, but there were constraints on this learning ability. Under the conditions of this study, they did not learn to avoid a food that made them sick long after consumption of the food, and they had more difficulty learning to avoid highly palatable feeds. |
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Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 |
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0021-8812 |
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Notes |
PMID:2401656 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
41 |
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Author |
Houpt, T.R. |
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Title |
The physiological determination of meal size in pigs |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1985 |
Publication |
The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Nutr Soc |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
323-330 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Appetite/physiology; Drinking; Duodenum/physiology; *Eating; Energy Intake; Food; Horses/physiology; Milk; Osmolar Concentration; Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology; Receptors, Cholecystokinin; Swine/*physiology; Time Factors |
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0029-6651 |
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PMID:2996010 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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53 |
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Author |
Houpt, T.R.; Houpt, K.A. |
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Title |
Nitrogen conservation by ponies fed a low -protein ration |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1971 |
Publication |
American journal of veterinary research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Vet Res |
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32 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
579-588 |
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Keywords |
Administration, Oral; Amino Acids/biosynthesis; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology; Body Weight/drug effects; Dietary Proteins/*pharmacology; Horses/*metabolism; Nitrogen/*metabolism; Urea/administration & dosage/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism; Water/metabolism |
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0002-9645 |
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PMID:5110116 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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62 |
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Author |
Hubbell, J.A.E.; Muir, W.W. |
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Title |
Antagonism of detomidine sedation in the horse using intravenous tolazoline or atipamezole |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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38 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
238-241 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/drug effects/physiology; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Horses/*physiology; Hypnotics and Sedatives/*antagonists & inhibitors; Imidazoles/*antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology; Infusions, Intravenous/veterinary; Kinetics; Safety; Tolazoline/*pharmacology; Videotape Recording |
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: The ability to shorten the duration of sedation would potentially improve safety and utility of detomidine. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of tolazoline and atipamezole after detomidine sedation. HYPOTHESIS: Administration of tolazoline or atipamezole would not affect detomidine sedation. METHODS: In a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, descriptive study, detomidine (0.02 mg/kg bwt i.v.) was administered to 6 mature horses on 4 separate occasions. Twenty-five mins later, each horse received one of 4 treatments: Group 1 saline (0.9% i.v.) as a placebo control; Group 2 atipamezole (0.05 mg/kg bwt i.v.); Group 3 atipamezole (0.1 mg/kg bwt i.v.); and Group 4 tolazoline (4.0 mg/kg bwt i.v.). Sedation, muscle relaxation and ataxia were scored by 3 independent observers at 9 time points. Horses were led through an obstacle course at 7 time points. Course completion time was recorded and the ability of the horse to traverse the course was scored by 3 independent observers. Horses were videotaped before, during and after each trip through the obstacle course. RESULTS: Atipamezole and tolazoline administration incompletely antagonised the effects of detomidine, but the time course to recovery was shortened. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Single bolus administration of atipamezole or tolazoline produced partial reversal of detomidine sedation and may be useful for minimising detomidine sedation. |
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Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, 601 Tharp Street, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA |
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0425-1644 |
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PMID:16706278 |
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Serial |
1869 |
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Author |
Huebener, E. |
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Title |
The Rider's Impacts and Their Timers – Example: Rider's Aids for Transitions Between Different Gaits. |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Tierärztliche Umschau |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tierärztl. Umschau |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
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Pages |
515-532 |
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Keywords |
Animal-friendly rider-horse communication – signals for changing the footfall – knee-jerk impacts in the single “fitting” moment – singular timer for those – immediate “obedience” |
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Abstract |
The scientific investigation of the basics of the inherited riding teachings assists in conserving its values. Riding instructors should be able to teach not only “how” but also “why”.
The classic European riding teachings that have developed across the centuries are based on perceptions that have their roots in natural phenomena. They are being mirrored, for instance, in the aids to stimulate the change from one gait to the next.
The movements of the horse's trunk and back provide timers for horse-friendly, sensitive aids that create attentive, diligent and happily cooperating horses. |
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German |
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yes |
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refbase @ user @ |
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434 |
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Author |
Huebener, E. |
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Title |
How the Horse-Appropriate “Self-Acting” Leg Aid Could Be Better Communicated. |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Tierärztliche Umschau |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tierärztl. Umschau |
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8 |
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403 |
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cultured riding – horse-rider-harmony – sensitive-invisible aids – saving the backs of both horse and rider |
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Abstract |
From the base to the top of the sport horses are being coerced into “obedience” or the performance of exercises by force. Campaigns against the “Rollkur” or “Hyperflexion” fill the media. However the root of evil lies a lot deeper. The base of cultured riding in high harmony between horse and rider are sensitive, almost invisible aids which are being timed by the movements of the horse's back and trunk. Anchoring the knowledge of this interrelation in rider's minds has to this day been unsuccessful. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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432 |
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