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	Author	J. David Smith; David A. Washburn
	Title	Uncertainty Monitoring and Metacognition by Animals			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Current Directions in Psychological Science	Abbreviated Journal	Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci.
	Volume	14	Issue		Pages	19-24
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	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	3511
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	Author	Judge, P.G.; Mullen, S.H.
	Title	Quadratic postconflict affiliation among bystanders in a hamadryas baboon group			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Animal Behaviour.	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Behav.
	Volume	69	Issue	6	Pages	1345-1355
	Keywords
	Abstract	The tendency in primate groups for two opponents to affiliate shortly after a fight has been described as dyadic reconciliation. The response has been shown to restore disrupted relationships and curtail ongoing aggression. Rates of self-directed behaviour (e.g. scratching) are positively correlated with anxiety in primates and the rates decline after reconciliation, indicating that the response also functions to reduce postconflict tension. Third parties not involved in an aggressive interaction are also likely to affiliate with one of the combatants subsequent to a fight. Such `triadic' interactions may also promote conflict resolution when, for instance, the relatives of a victim affiliate with their relative's aggressor. Because aggression in a group influences a bystander's behaviour with combatants, we hypothesized that aggression between two animals would also influence a bystander's behaviour with other bystanders. Such `quadratic' postconflict interactions might also function to reduce postconflict tension or occur in patterns among kin subgroups to resolve conflict. We tested for quadratic interactions in an 18-member group of captive hamadryas baboons, Papio hamadryas hamadryas. Immediately following a fight, an uninvolved bystander was randomly selected for observation and its affiliative interactions with other bystanders and its displacement activities were recorded for 3 min. Rates of behaviour during these postconflict periods were compared to rates during 3-min baseline periods not preceded by aggression. Bystanders engaged in quadratic interactions by increasing affiliation with other bystanders following aggression. Bystanders directed affiliation to nonkin bystanders that were their preferred social partners. Displacement activities of bystanders were significantly higher during postconflict intervals compared to baseline intervals, and bystander displacement activity levels before affiliative contact with other bystanders were significantly higher than after contact. Apparently, bystanders become tense or anxious after witnessing aggression and affiliate with preferred partners to reduce the arousal.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	402
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	Author	Kaminski, J.; Riedel, J.; Call, J.; Tomasello, M.
	Title	Domestic goats, Capra hircus, follow gaze direction and use social cues in an object choice task			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Animal Behaviour.	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Behav.
	Volume	69	Issue	1	Pages	11-18
	Keywords
	Abstract	Gaze following is a basic social cognitive skill with many potential benefits for animals that live in social groups. At least five primate species are known to follow the gaze of conspecifics, but there have been no studies on gaze following in other mammals. We investigated whether domestic goats can use the gaze direction of a conspecific as a cue to find food. They were able to do this, at a level comparable to that of primates. In a second experiment, we tested goats' ability to use gaze and other communicative cues given by a human in a so-called object choice situation. An experimenter hid food out of sight of the subject under one of two cups. After baiting the cup the experimenter indicated the location of the food to the subject by using different cues. The goats used communicative cues (touching and pointing) but not gaze by itself. Since domestic dogs are very skilled in this task, whereas wolves are not, one hypothesis is that the use of communicative cues in the object choice task is a side-effect of domestication.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	542
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	Author	Kavaliers, M.; Colwell, D.D.; Choleris, E.
	Title	Kinship, familiarity and social status modulate social learning about “micropredators” (biting flies) in deer mice			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.
	Volume	58	Issue	1	Pages	60-71
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	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	710
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	Author	Kendal, R.L.; Coe, R.L.; Laland, K.N.
	Title	Age differences in neophilia, exploration, and innovation in family groups of callitrichid monkeys			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	American journal of primatology	Abbreviated Journal	Am. J. Primatol.
	Volume	66	Issue	2	Pages	167-188
	Keywords	Age Factors; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Zoo; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Callitrichinae/physiology; Creativeness; Exploratory Behavior/*physiology; Observation; Social Behavior; Task Performance and Analysis
	Abstract	The prevailing assumption in the primate literature is that young or juvenile primates are more innovative than adult individuals. This innovative tendency among the young is frequently thought to be a consequence, or side effect, of their increased rates of exploration and play. Conversely, Reader and Laland's [International Journal of Primatology 22:787-806, 2001] review of the primate innovation literature noted a greater reported incidence of innovation in adults than nonadults, which they interpreted as (in part) a reflection of the greater experience and competence of older individuals. Within callitrichids there is contradictory evidence for age differences in response to novel objects, foods, and foraging tasks. By presenting novel extractive foraging tasks to family groups of callitrichid monkeys in zoos, we examined, in a large sample, whether there are positive or negative relationships of age with neophilia, exploration, and innovation, and whether play or experience most facilitates innovation. The results indicate that exploration and innovation (but not neophilia) are positively correlated with age, perhaps reflecting adults' greater manipulative competence. To the extent that there was evidence for play in younger individuals, it did not appear to contribute to innovation. The implications of these findings for the fields of innovation and conservation through reintroduction are considered.
	Address	Sub-Department of Animal Behavior, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. RachelKendal2003@yahoo.co.uk
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0275-2565	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:15940712			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2148
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	Author	Kilian, A.; Fersen, L. von; Güntürkün, O.
	Title	Left hemispheric advantage for numerical abilities in the bottlenose dolphin			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	68	Issue	2	Pages	179-184
	Keywords	Bottlenose dolphin; Hemispheric specialization; Monocular vision; Numerical ability
	Abstract	In a two-choice discrimination paradigm, a bottlenose dolphin discriminated relational dimensions between visual numerosity stimuli under monocular viewing conditions. After prior binocular acquisition of the task, two monocular test series with different number stimuli were conducted. In accordance with recent studies on visual lateralization in the bottlenose dolphin, our results revealed an overall advantage of the right visual field. Due to the complete decussation of the optic nerve fibers, this suggests a specialization of the left hemisphere for analysing relational features between stimuli as required in tests for numerical abilities. These processes are typically right hemisphere-based in other mammals (including humans) and birds. The present data provide further evidence for a general right visual field advantage in bottlenose dolphins for visual information processing. It is thus assumed that dolphins possess a unique functional architecture of their cerebral asymmetries.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0376-6357	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5366
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	Author	King, S.R.B.; Gurnell, J.
	Title	Habitat use and spatial dynamics of takhi introduced to Hustai National Park, Mongolia			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Biological Conservation	Abbreviated Journal	Biol. Conserva.
	Volume	124	Issue	2	Pages	277-290
	Keywords	Home range; Habitat use; Equus przewalskii; Takhi; Reintroduction
	Abstract	The successful introduction of captive bred takhi or Przewalski's horse, Equus ferus przewalskii, into Mongolia in the 1990s is a good example of the benefits of ex situ conservation and one of the few examples of the recovery of an animal after it became extinct in the wild. This is also particularly interesting because virtually nothing was known about how takhi lived before they died out, and the introductions have enabled us to study how they have settled, and their ecology and behaviour within their former natural range. In this paper, we describe the movement, home range size and shape, and habitat use of takhi at one of the release areas, the 570 km2 Hustai National Park in Mongolia. Harem home ranges varied between 129 and 2399 ha, with 80% core areas of between 61 and 1196 ha. There was no relationship between range size and harem size, or length of time since release. Initially, harems stayed near their release enclosures, but over time they established home ranges further away. There was little overlap between home ranges of different harems, but neither was there evidence of exclusive range use. The more nutritious vegetation at lower elevations was preferentially selected. Thus the present situation looks good, but, as the population continues to grow, we anticipate that there will be potential problems related to intraspecific competition for water and vegetation resources, and the potential for hybridisation with domestic horses belonging to the local people. We consider the time it may take for takhi to reach carrying capacity within Hustai National Park and emphasise that continual monitoring of the population is essential because interventional management is likely to be required in the future.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	335
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	Author	Kitchen, D.M.; Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M.
	Title	Male chacma baboons (Papio hamadryas ursinus) discriminate loud call contests between rivals of different relative ranks			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Animal cognition	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Cogn.
	Volume	8	Issue	1	Pages	1-6
	Keywords	Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; Discrimination Learning; Hierarchy, Social; Male; Papio hamadryas/psychology; Social Dominance; *Vocalization, Animal
	Abstract	Males in multi-male groups of chacma baboons (Papio hamadryas ursinus) in Botswana compete for positions in a linear dominance hierarchy. Previous research suggests that males treat different categories of rivals differently; competitive displays between males of similar rank are more frequent and intense than those between disparately ranked males. Here we test whether males also respond differently to male-male interactions in which they are not directly involved, using playbacks of the loud 'wahoo' calls exchanged between competing males in aggressive displays. We played paired sequences of vocal contests between two adjacently ranked and two disparately ranked males to ten subjects, half ranking below the signalers in the call sequences and half above. Subjects who ranked above the two signalers showed stronger responses than lower-ranking subjects. Higher-ranking subjects also responded more strongly to sequences involving disparately ranked, as opposed to adjacently ranked opponents, suggesting that they recognized those individuals' relative ranks. Strong responses to sequences between disparately ranked opponents might have occurred either because such contests typically involve resources of high fitness value (defense of meat, estrous females or infants vulnerable to infanticide) or because they indicate a sudden change in one contestant's condition. In contrast, subjects who ranked lower than the signalers responded equally strongly to both types of sequences. These subjects may have been able to distinguish between the two categories of opponents but did not respond differently to them because they had little to lose or gain by a rank reversal between males that already ranked higher than they did.
	Address	Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. dkitchen@psych.upenn.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1435-9448	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:15164259			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	687
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	Author	Klein, E.D.; Bhatt, R.S.; Zentall, T.R.
	Title	Contrast and the justification of effort			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Psychonomic bulletin & review	Abbreviated Journal	Psychon Bull Rev
	Volume	12	Issue	2	Pages	335-339
	Keywords	Awareness; Cognition; Discrimination (Psychology); Female; Humans; Male; Questionnaires; *Visual Perception
	Abstract	When humans are asked to evaluate rewards or outcomes that follow unpleasant (e.g., high-effort) events, they often assign higher value to that reward. This phenomenon has been referred to as cognitive dissonance or justification of effort. There is now evidence that a similar phenomenon can be found in nonhuman animals. When demonstrated in animals, however, it has been attributed to contrast between the unpleasant high effort and the conditioned stimulus for food. In the present experiment, we asked whether an analogous effect could be found in humans under conditions similar to those found in animals. Adult humans were trained to discriminate between shapes that followed a high-effort versus a low-effort response. In test, participants were found to prefer shapes that followed the high-effort response in training. These results suggest the possibility that contrast effects of the sort extensively studied in animals may play a role in cognitive dissonance and other related phenomena in humans.
	Address	University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1069-9384	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:16082815			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	223
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	Author	Klüwer, C.
	Title	Zur Arbeit mit dem Pferd in Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie. Versuch einer theoretischen Besinnung auf grundlegende Möglichkeiten zwischen Mensch und Pferd.			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2005	Publication	Die Arbeit mit dem Pferd in Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	5
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	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	FN-Verlag	Place of Publication	Warendorf	Editor	DKThR
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5065
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