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	Author	Rizhova, L.Y.; Kulagin, D.A.
	Title	The effects of corticosteroids on lateral bias in female rats			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Behavioural Brain Research	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Brain. Res.
	Volume	60	Issue	1	Pages	51-54
	Keywords	Corticosterone; Lateral preference; Estrus cycle; Asymmetry
	Abstract	In Experiment 1 female rats were given one trial per day for 8 days in a T-maze, and their initial direction of choice (left/right) was noted. Vaginal smears were also obtained daily. After this some animals were adrenalectomized and given Ringer's solution; others were adrenalectomozed and given hydrocortisone replacement; a third group was sham adrenalectomized, and a fourth group was an intact control. A week after surgery the animals were again tested for 8 days in the T-maze and vaginal smears were obtained. In Experiment 2 rats were subjected to the same surgical treatments as described above and were then tested for 8 days in the T-maze. In Expt. 1 there was no direction bias among the four groups prior to surgery. However, after surgery the Adrenalectomy + Ringer's group showed a significant increase in their rightward choices in the T-maze. This was also found in Expt. 2. Both adrenalectomized groups in Expt. 1 had a significant reduction in the duration of the estrus phase of their cycle. We conclude that corticosterone can affect lateral preference in a T-maze through a mechanism independent of the hormonal changes involved in the estrus cycle.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0166-4328	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5349
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	Author	Byrne R.W.
	Title	The evolution of intelligence			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	1994	Publication	Behaviour and Evolution	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	223-265
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Cambridge University Press	Place of Publication	Cambridge,UK	Editor	P.J.B. Slater and T.R. Halliday
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6566
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	Author	Bauer, I. E.; McMorrow, J. Yalden,; D. W.
	Title	The Historic Ranges of Three Equid Species in North-East Africa: A Quantitative Comparison of Environmental Tolerances			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Journal of Biogeography	Abbreviated Journal	J Biogeogr
	Volume	21	Issue	2	Pages	169-182
	Keywords
	Abstract	The historic ranges of three equid species native to north-east Africa are analysed with respect to annual rainfall, several temperature parameters and a satellite-derived multispectral index of primary productivity. Equus africanus Fitzinger, Equus grevyi Oustalet and Equus burchelli Gray used to largely replace each other, geographically, with narrow zones of range overlap occurring between E. africanus and E. grevyi in the Awash valley, and between E. grevyi and E. burchelli in southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya. The three species are shown to succeed each other along an environmental gradient. The position of each species on this gradient and the resulting location and extent of its range are discussed. Competitive exclusion, specific adaptations and historic events are likely determinants of equid distribution. In the area of sympatry between E. grevyi and E. burchelli, mixed habitat characters as well as environmental fluctuations seem to prevent either species from excluding the other. Different social organizations of E. grevyi and E. burchelli and the resulting migratory patterns may be adaptations to the environment in their allopatric ranges; in their sympatric range they could alleviate competition.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2222
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	Author	Aviad, A.D.; Houpt, J.B.
	Title	The molecular weight of therapeutic hyaluronan (sodium hyaluronate): how significant is it?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	The Journal of rheumatology	Abbreviated Journal	J Rheumatol
	Volume	21	Issue	2	Pages	297-301
	Keywords	Animals; Horse Diseases/drug therapy; Horses; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid/chemistry/therapeutic use; Joint Diseases/*drug therapy/veterinary; Molecular Weight; Osteoarthritis/drug therapy/veterinary; Synovial Fluid/drug effects/physiology; Viscosity
	Abstract	Various molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) preparations have been injected into joints for the treatment of human and equine osteoarthritis. A therapeutic advantage has been claimed for commercial products with a molecular weight in the range found in normal synovial fluid (SF), compared to lower molecular weight products. But a correlation between molecular weight and efficacy is not borne out by an analysis of the available literature on clinical results. SF viscosity, HA concentration, HA molecular weight and rate of synthesis in joint disease. It is proposed that the beneficial effect of injected HA in joint disease may be due to pharmacological rather than to physical properties.
	Address	Rheumatic Disease Unit, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0315-162X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:8182640			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	35
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	Author	Fisher, J.; Hinde, R. A.
	Title	The opening of milk bottles by birds			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	British Birds	Abbreviated Journal	British Birds
	Volume		Issue	42	Pages	347-357
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6525
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	Author	Fritts, S.H.; Bangs, E.E.; Gore, J.F.
	Title	The relationship of wolf recovery to habitat conservation and biodiversity in the northwestern United States			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Landsc Urban Plan	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	28	Issue		Pages
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	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Fritts1994			Serial	6453
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	Author	Marinier, S.L.; Alexander, A.J.
	Title	The use of a maze in testing learning and memory in horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Applied Animal Behaviour Science	Abbreviated Journal	Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
	Volume	39	Issue	2	Pages	177-182
	Keywords	Horses; Learning; Memory; Maze; Exercise
	Abstract	Two mazes were used to test the learning ability and memory of horses, and changes in these abilities. Testing was done on four occasions. On Occasion 1, the horses were run through Maze A until they had reached the criterion of three consecutive correct runs. A week later (Occasion 2), they were retested in Maze A to the same criterion as a measure of memory. On Occasion 3,2 months later, the horses were run through Mazes A and B until they reached the criterion. Occasion 4 took place 1 week later when they were run through Mazes A and B. An estimation of changes in ability to learn came from a comparison of results from Occasions 1 and 3. Similarly, changes in ability to remember came from a comparison of results from Occasions 2 and 4. Nine horses with a variable amount of riding training were the subjects. All horses were able to learn the maze, but the ability varied among horses. There was no obvious correlation between quality of handling of the horses and learning ability. Once the horses had learned the maze, they remembered it perfectly on subsequent occasions. There were changes in the memory and learning ability of the horses, but no clear explanation for this could be found.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3573
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	Author	Sugiyama Y
	Title	Tool use by wild chimpanzees			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Nature	Abbreviated Journal	Nature
	Volume	376	Issue		Pages	327
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3041
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	Author	Zentall, T.R.; Sherburne, L.M.
	Title	Transfer of value from S+ to S- in a simultaneous discrimination			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
	Volume	20	Issue	2	Pages	176-183
	Keywords	Animals; Appetitive Behavior; Attention; Color Perception; Columbidae; Discrimination Learning; Female; Male; Motivation; Orientation; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Problem Solving; Reinforcement Schedule; *Transfer (Psychology)
	Abstract	Value transfer theory has been proposed to account for transitive inference effects (L. V. Fersen, C. D. L. Wynne, J. D. Delius, & J. E. R. Staddon, 1991), in which following training on 4 simultaneous discriminations (A+B-, B+C-, C+D-, D+E-) pigeons show a preference for B over D. According to this theory, some of the value of reinforcement acquired by each S+ transfers to the S-. In the transitive inference experiment, C (associated with both reward and nonreward) can transfer less value to D than A (associated only with reward) can transfer to B. Support for value transfer theory was demonstrated in 2 experiments in which an S- presented in the context of a stimulus to which responses were always reinforced (S+) was preferred over an S- presented in the context of a stimulus to which responses were sometimes reinforced (S +/-).
	Address	Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0097-7403	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:8189186			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	258
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	Author	Burger, J.; Gochfeld.
	Title	Vigilance in African mammals: differences among mothers, other females, and males.			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Behaviour	Abbreviated Journal	Behaviour
	Volume	131	Issue	3-4	Pages	153-169
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	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2252
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