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Title |
Winter horse care |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
115-117 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4664 |
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Author |
Moehlman, P.D. |
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Title |
Behavior and Ecology of Feral Asses (2nd edition) |
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Manuscript |
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Year |
1994 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
unpublished |
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Pages |
251 |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4674 |
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Author |
Boesch, C. |
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Title |
Cooperative hunting in wild chimpanzees |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
653-667 |
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Abstract |
A model for the evolution of cooperation shows that two conditions are necessary for cooperation to be stable: a hunting success rate that is low for single hunters and increases with group size, and a social mechanism limiting access to meat by non-hunters. Testing this model on TaI chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, showed that (1) it pays for individuals to hunt in groups of three or four rather than alone or in pairs, and (2) cooperation is stable because hunters gain more at these group sizes than cheaters, owing to a meat-sharing pattern in which hunting, dominance and age, in that order, determine how much an individual gets. In addition, hunters provide cheaters (about 45% of the meat eaters) with the surplus they produce during the hunts. Thus, cooperation in Tai male chimpanzees is an evolutionarily stable strategy, and its success allows cheating to be an evolutionarily stable strategy for Tai female chimpanzees. In Gombe chimpanzees, cooperation is not stable, first, because hunting success is very high for single hunters, and second, because no social mechanism exists that limits access to meat by non-hunters. The analysis showed that some assumptions made when discussing cooperation in other social hunters might be wrong. This might downgrade our general perception of the importance of cooperation as an evolutionary cause of sociality. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4715 |
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Author |
Manson, J.H. |
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Title |
Male aggression: a cost of female mate choice in Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
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Pages |
473-475 |
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Notes |
10.1006/anbe.1994.1262 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4888 |
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Author |
McLaren, B.E.; Peterson, R.O. |
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Title |
Wolves, Moose, and Tree Rings on Isle Royale |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
266 |
Issue |
5190 |
Pages |
1555-1558 |
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Abstract |
Investigation of tree growth in Isle Royale National Park in Michigan revealed the influence of herbivores and carnivores on plants in an intimately linked food chain. Plant growth rates were regulated by cycles in animal density and responded to annual changes in primary productivity only when released from herbivory by wolf predation. Isle Royale's dendrochronology complements a rich literature on food chain control in aquatic systems, which often supports a trophic cascade model. This study provides evidence of top-down control in a forested ecosystem. |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4995 |
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Author |
Wolff, A.; Hausberger, M. |
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Title |
Behaviour of foals before weaning may have some genetic basis |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ethology |
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Volume |
96 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-10 |
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Keywords |
Locomotion; Suckling; Social behavior; Foraging behavior; Exploratory behavior; Interindividual comparison; Young animal; Genetic inheritance; Captivity; Social interaction; Feeding behavior; Perissodactyla; Ungulata; Mammalia; Vertebrata |
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In this preliminary study on foal behaviour, 13 French saddlebred foals (2-3 mo old) and their dams were observed on pasture. The most important findings are the interindividual quantitative differences in foal behaviour patterns as well as in the amount of mainly foal-initiated time spent at given distances from their mares. Interindividual differences seem in part due to a sire effect |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5022 |
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Author |
Wasserman, S.; Faust, K. |
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Title |
Social Network Analysis : Methods and Applications |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
1994 |
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bibtex-import |
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Cambridge University Press |
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Cambridge |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Wasserman1994 |
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5150 |
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Author |
Wilson, S. D.; Clark, A. B.; Coleman, K.; Dearstyne, T. |
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Title |
Shyness and boldness in humans and other animals |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends. Ecol. Evol |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
442-446 |
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The shy-bold continuum is a fundamental axis of behavioral variation in humans and at least some other species, but its taxonomic distribution and evolutionary implications are unknown. Models of optimal risk, density- or frequency-dependent selection, and phenotypic plasticity can provide a theoretical framework for understanding shyness and boldness as a product of natural selection. We sketch this framework and review the few empirical studies of shyness and boldness in natural populations. The study of shyness and boldness adds an interesting new dimension to behavioral ecology by focusing on the nature of continuous behavioral variation that exists within the familiar categories of age, sex and size. |
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ISSN |
0169-5347 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5161 |
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Author |
Ballou, J. |
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Title |
Population Biology |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Przewalski’s horse: The History and Biology of an Endangered Species |
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tate University of New York Press |
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Albany |
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Boyd,L.;Houpt, C.A |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5187 |
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Author |
Petit, O.; Thierry, B. |
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Title |
Aggressive and peaceful interventions in conflicts in Tonkean macaques |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1427-1436 |
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Abstract. Peaceful interventions in conflicts are an extremely rare phenomenon in most primate species. In contrast to aggressive interventions, they cannot lead to gains in terms of competition. To clarify the function and origin of this behaviour, the patterning and consequences of peaceful and aggressive interventions were studied in a semi-free ranging group of tonkean macaques, Macaca tonkeana. Intense conflicts frequently elicited both types of intervention. Interveners preferentially targeted the initiator of the conflict, who was generally the dominant of the two opponents. Males tended to intervene more than females, especially using peaceful interventions. Interventions were frequently performed on behalf of the most closely kin-related opponent; this was true particularly for aggressive interventions. In peaceful interventions, the intervener was usually dominant over both parties. Lipsmacking, clasping, mounting and social play were mainly used, and were successful in halting aggression. Peaceful interventions were frequently followed by an affinitive interaction, such as grooming, between intervener and target. Peaceful interventions thus appear to protect the beneficiary while preserving the social relationship between intervener and target. The origin of the behaviour can be traced to the epigenetic constraints arising from the species-specific social organization. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5244 |
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