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| Author | Veissier, I. | ||||
| Title | Observational learning in cattle | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 35 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 235-243 |
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| Abstract | Four experiments were designed to find evidence of observational learning in cattle. The experiments were run on ten experimental heifers, each observing a demonstrator mate performing a task, and on ten control heifers, each observing a non-demonstrator mate. The mates and observers were separated by wire netting in Experiments 1-3, but were in the same room in Experiment 4. The task to be learned was to push a panel to get food into a box. All naive animals were able to observe while their mate performed the task. The observers in Experiments 1 and 4 were Salers heifers that had no prior experience of the testing room; those in Experiment 2 were Salers heifers that were accustomed to the room; those in Experiment 3 were Aubrac or Limousin heifers that had already eaten in the room. The behaviour of the observers was influenced by their mates: activity at or near the boxes was enhanced by the presence of demonstrators in Experiment 2 (box contacts: 38.0 +/- 16.2 vs. 22.1 +/- 11.9 for experimental and control heifers, respectively; P<0.05), while activity in other parts of the room in Experiment 3 was enhanced when non-demonstrator mates were present (wall sniffing: 5.4 +/- 13.9 vs. 13.9 +/- 13.7; P<0.05). Overall, 26 experimental heifers vs. 19 controls learned the task (P>0.05). The time spent eating was longer when the observer only had visual contact with a demonstrator (Experiment 1: 15.9 +/- 1.6 vs. 11.6 +/- 1.8 min), but was lower when physical contacts with the demonstrator were possible (Experiment 4: 4.6 +/- 8.8 vs. 5.4 +/- 2.2 min; P<0.05). Ten out of the 11 Limousin heifers learned the task, compared with only three out of the nine Aubrac heifers (P<0.05). The latter spent more time near the door and sniffed the walls more often than the former (2.0 +/- 1.9 vs. 0.4 +/- 0.6 min, P<0.05, and 18.1 +/- 13.4 vs. 2.7 +/- 6.5 min, P<0.01), as though they were trying to flee the situation. When animals observed a demonstrator, their attention was drawn to stimuli involved in the task but acquisition of knowledge was not greatly improved. |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour Team @ birgit.flauger @ | Serial | 4325 | ||
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| Author | Lieberman, D. | ||||
| Title | Type | Book Whole | |||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Learning, Behaviour and Cognition, 2nd Ed. | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Notes | Cited By (since 1996): 8; Export Date: 21 October 2008 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4525 | ||
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| Author | Parelli, P. | ||||
| Title | Type | Book Whole | |||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Natural Horsemanship | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Notes | Cited By (since 1996): 5; Export Date: 21 October 2008 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4538 | ||
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| Author | Mendoza, S.P.; Mason, W. A (eds) | ||||
| Title | Primate Social Conflict | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Abstract | This book examines conflict as a normal and recurrent feature of primate social life, emphasizing that the study of aggression and social conflict is important to understanding the basic processes that contribute to social order. The authors go well beyond the usual view which tends to equate social conflict with fights over food, mates, or social supremacy, and analyze the diverse manifestations and significance of conflict in a variety of case studies. Contributors are scientists with field and laboratory experience in anthropology, behavioral endocrinology, ethology, and psychology. Utilizing the growing body of research on life-span development in primatology, the authors offer more extensive analyses of the complexity of primate social relationships. “I like the idea of social conflict as opposed to aggression as such. Too much of the focus on conflict has been on aggressive behavior, which is probably the most striking behavior observed in the field. The fact that conflict does not lead to aggression in all cases, that conflict is generally followed by some sort of reconciliation, and the consequences for fitness and future social life are important topics with respect to non-human primate society that should have considerable relevance to thinking about human social conflict.” -- Charles T. Snowdon, University of Wisconsin, Madison William A. Mason is Research Scientist at the California Regional Primate Research Center and Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of California. Sally P. Mendoza is Associate Professor of Psychology and Research Scientist at the California Regional Primate Research Center. 1. Primate Social Conflict: An Overview of Sources, Forms, and Consequences William A. Mason and Sally P. Mendoza 2. The Nature of Social Conflict: A Psycho-Ethological Perspective William A. Mason 3. The Evolution of Social Conflict among Female Primates Joan B. Silk 4. Social Conflict on First Encounters Sally P. Mendoza 5. Reconciliation among Primates: A Review of Empirical Evidence and Theoretical Issues Frans B. M. de Waal 6. Social Conflict in Adult Male Relationships in a Free-Ranging Group of Japanese Monkeys Naosuke Itoigawa 7. The Physiology of Dominance in Stable versus Unstable Social Hierarchies Robert M. Sapolsky 8. Temperament and Mother-Infant Conflict in Macaques: A Transactional Analysis William A. Mason, D.D. Long, and Sally P. Mendoza 9. Impact on Foraging Demands on Conflict within Mother-Infants Dyads Michael W. Andrews, Gayle Sunderland, and Leonard A. Rosenblum 10. Coordination and Conflict in Callicebus Social Groups Charles R. Menzel 11. Social Conflict in Two Monogamous New World Primates: Pairs and Rivals Gustl Anzenberger 12. Social Conflict and Reproductive Suppression in Marmoset and Tamarin Monkeys David H. Abbott 13. Biological Antecedents of Human Aggression Lionel Tiger 14. Conflict as a Constructive Force in Social Life David M. Lyons Index |
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | Mendoza, S.P.;Mason, W. A | ||
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-0-7914-1241-1 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4874 | ||
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| Author | de Waal, F.B.M. | ||||
| Title | Animal Social Conflict | Type | Miscellaneous | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4894 | ||
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| Author | Mulder, R.A.; Langmore, N.E. | ||||
| Title | Dominant males punish helpers for temporary defection in superb fairy-wrens | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 45 | Issue | Pages | 830-833 | |
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| Notes | 10.1006/anbe.1993.1100 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4922 | ||
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| Author | Budzinsky, M.; Soltys, L; Wawiorko, J. | ||||
| Title | Estimate of excitability of half bred horses | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | 43 Annual meeting FEZ. Madrid | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5020 | ||
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| Author | Fabre-Thorpe, M.; Fagot, J.; Lorincz, E.; Levesque, F.,; Vauclair, J. | ||||
| Title | Laterality in cats: Paw preference and performance in a visuomotor activity. | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Cortex | Abbreviated Journal | Cortex |
| Volume | 29 | Issue | Pages | 15-24 | |
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| Abstract | In a two-choice discrimination paradigm, a bottlenose dolphin discriminated relational dimensions between visual numerosity stimuli under monocular viewing conditions. After prior binocular acquisition of the task, two monocular test series with different number stimuli were conducted. In accordance with recent studies on visual lateralization in the bottlenose dolphin, our results revealed an overall advantage of the right visual field. Due to the complete decussation of the optic nerve fibers, this suggests a specialization of the left hemisphere for analysing relational features between stimuli as required in tests for numerical abilities. These processes are typically right hemisphere-based in other mammals (including humans) and birds. The present data provide further evidence for a general right visual field advantage in bottlenose dolphins for visual information processing. It is thus assumed that dolphins possess a unique functional architecture of their cerebral asymmetries. | ||||
| Address | Bottlenose dolphin; Hemispheric specialization; Monocular vision; Numerical ability | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5367 | ||
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| Author | Neveu, P.J. | ||||
| Title | Brain Lateralization and Immunomodulation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | International Journal of Neuroscience | Abbreviated Journal | Int J Neurosci |
| Volume | 70 | Issue | 1-2 | Pages | 135-143 |
| Keywords | Psychoneuroimmunology, brain lateralization | ||||
| Abstract | The two sides of the brain may be differently involved in the modulation of immune responses as demonstrated by lesional and behavioral approaches in rodents. Lesions of right or left neocortex induced opposite effects on various immune parameters including mitogen-induced lymphoproliferation, interleukin-2 production, macrophage activation or natural killer cell activity. This animal model, useful to elucidate whereby the brain and the immune system can communicate, appears to be suitable for studying the immune perturbations observed during stroke in humans. Brain asymmetry in modulation of immune reactivity may also be demonstrated in intact animal using a behavioral paradigm. The direction of a lateralized motor behavior ie paw preference in a food reaching task, correlated with an asymmetrical brain organization, was shown to be associated with lymphocyte reactivity, natural killer cell activity and auto-antibody production. The association between paw preference and immune reactivity in mice varies according to the immune parameters tested and is a sex-dependent phenomenon in which genetic background may be involved. The experimental models for investigating asymmetrical brain modulation of the immune system should be useful for studying several physiological, pathological and genetic aspects of neuroimmunomodulation. | ||||
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| Publisher | Informa Clin Med | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 0020-7454 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | doi: 10.3109/00207459309000569 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5778 | ||
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| Author | Herbert, T.B.; Cohen, S. | ||||
| Title | Stress and immunity in humans: a meta-analytic review | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Psychosomatic Medicine | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 55 | Issue | 4 | Pages | |
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| Abstract | : This article presents a meta-analysis of the literature on stress and immunity in humans. The primary analyses include all relevant studies irrespective of the measure or manipulation of stress. The results of these analyses show substantial evidence for a relation between stress and decreases in functional immune measures (proliferative response to mitogens and natural killer cell activity). Stress is also related to numbers and percent of circulating white blood cells, immunoglobulin levels, and antibody titers to herpesviruses. Subsequent analyses suggest that objective stressful events are related to larger immune changes than subjective self-reports of stress, that immune response varies with stressor duration, and that interpersonal events are related to different immune outcomes than nonsocial events. We discuss the way neuroendocrine mechanisms and health practices might explain immune alteration following stress, and outline issues that need to be investigated in this area. Copyright (C) 1993 by American Psychosomatic Society | ||||
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| ISSN | 0033-3174 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ 00006842-199307000-00004 | Serial | 5995 | ||
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