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Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database

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Author Dyson, H.J.; Beattie, J.K. openurl 
  Title Spin state and unfolding equilibria of ferricytochrome c in acidic solutions Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication The Journal of Biological Chemistry Abbreviated Journal J Biol Chem  
  Volume (down) 257 Issue 5 Pages 2267-2273  
  Keywords Animals; *Cytochrome c Group; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Heme; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Ligands; Myocardium; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Spectrophotometry; Temperature  
  Abstract Equilibrium, stopped flow, and temperature-jump spectrophotometry have been used to identify processes in the unfolding of ferricytochrome c in acidic aqueous solutions. A relaxation occurring in approximately 100 microseconds involves perturbation of a spin-equilibrium between two folded conformers of the protein with methionine-80 coordinated or dissociated from the heme iron. The protein unfolds more slowly, in milliseconds, with dissociation and protonation of histidine-18. These two transitions appear cooperative in equilibrium measurements at low (0.01 M) ionic strength, but are separated at higher (0.10 M) ionic strength. They are resolved under both conditions in the dynamic measurements. The spin-equilibrium description permits a unified explanation of a number of properties of ferricytochrome c in acidic aqueous solutions.  
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  ISSN 0021-9258 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:6277891 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3807  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Alexander, F. openurl 
  Title Effect of phenylbutazone on electrolyte metabolism in ponies Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication The Veterinary record Abbreviated Journal Vet. Rec.  
  Volume (down) 110 Issue 12 Pages 271-272  
  Keywords Animals; Chlorides/metabolism; Electrolytes/*metabolism; Horses/*metabolism; Male; Phenylbutazone/*pharmacology; Sodium/metabolism  
  Abstract Phenylbutazone administered in therapeutic doses to ponies decreased urinary sodium and chloride excretion. The volume and osmolality of the urine was unaffected as was potassium excretion. Faecal excretion of chloride decreased and that of potassium increased, while faecal sodium excretion was unaffected. Plasma pH, bicarbonate and total carbon dioxide decreased after phenylbutazone administration. Packed cell volume, plasma sodium, potassium, carbon dioxide tension and chloride were unchanged.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0042-4900 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:7080416 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 109  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Thor, D.H.; Holloway, W.R. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Social memory of the male laboratory rat Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology Abbreviated Journal J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol.  
  Volume (down) 96 Issue 6 Pages 1000-1006  
  Keywords duration of social-investigatory behavior, measure of conspecific recognition &; social memory, male rats  
  Abstract Used duration of social-investigatory behavior by 36 mature male Long-Evans rats as a measure of individual recognition in 5 experiments to assess social memory. In Exp I, the duration of social investigation during a 2nd exposure to the same juvenile (n[en space]=[en space]12) was directly related to the length of the interexposure interval. In Exp II, Ss were exposed to the same or different juvenile 10 min after an initial 5-min exposure to a novel juvenile; reexposure to the same juvenile elicited significantly less social investigation than an exposure to a different juvenile. Exps III and IV demonstrated that following a 5-min introductory exposure, social memory of the juvenile was relatively brief in comparison with that of mature Ss. Exp V revealed a retroactive interference effect on recently acquired memory for an individual: 12 mature Ss exposed to interpolated social experience engaged in significantly longer investigation of a juvenile than those with no interpolated social experience. The combined results suggest that (1) the rat normally engages in spontaneous learning of individual identity and (2) social memory may be a significant aspect of complex social interactions. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0021-9940 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5133  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Stahl, F.; Dorner, G. openurl 
  Title Responses of salivary cortisol levels to stress-situations Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication Endokrinologie Abbreviated Journal Endokrinologie  
  Volume (down) 80 Issue 2 Pages 158-162  
  Keywords Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/diagnostic use; Anxiety Disorders/metabolism; Circadian Rhythm; Cushing Syndrome/metabolism; Fear/physiology; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone/*metabolism; Male; Pain/metabolism; Pregnancy; Saliva/*metabolism; Stress/*metabolism  
  Abstract A procedure is described for determining salivary cortisol levels by a competitive protein-binding assay using horse transcortin. The collection of saliva was performed by means of filter paper-strips. Filter paper samples are more than 5 days stable after air-drying. In this form, the samples could be stored without refrigerator or deep-freezer and, if necessary, sent by post to the laboratory without any special precaution. Stressful situation of either painful or anxious origin were associated with an adequate increase of salivary cortisol levels. The increases were 157 to 230% of the initial or normal values dependent on the kind of stress. The mean values in 4 cases of Cushing's syndrome were 380% and 1 hour after 25 I.U. ACTH 690% higher than those in normal persons. In normal persons, a well-defined circadian rhythm has been observed.  
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  ISSN 0013-7251 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:6297880 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 4056  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Alexander, D.J. openurl 
  Title Ecological aspects of influenza A viruses in animals and their relationship to human influenza: a review Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Abbreviated Journal J R Soc Med  
  Volume (down) 75 Issue 10 Pages 799-811  
  Keywords Animals; *Animals, Domestic; Bird Diseases/transmission; Birds; Disease Outbreaks; Ecology; Horse Diseases/transmission; Horses; Humans; Influenza A virus/genetics/isolation & purification; Influenza, Human/microbiology/*transmission/veterinary; Swine; Swine Diseases/transmission; Zoonoses/transmission  
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  ISSN 0141-0768 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:6752410 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2689  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Klimov, V.; Orlov, V.M. openurl 
  Title Current status and problems of conservation of Przewalski's horse (Equus przewalskii). Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication J. Zool., London Abbreviated Journal J. Zool., London  
  Volume (down) 61 Issue 12 Pages  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2329  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Lobanov, N.V. openurl 
  Title Askania-Nova, A 3rd Reservate in the USSR for the breeding of Equus hemionus kulan. Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication Zoologichesky Zhurnal Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (down) 61 Issue 12 Pages 1856-1861  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2341  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Churcher, C. S. openurl 
  Title Oldest Ass Recovered from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, and the Origin of Asses Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication Journal of Paleontology Abbreviated Journal J. Paleontol.  
  Volume (down) 56 Issue 5 Pages 1124-1132  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Abstract

An isolated right metatarsal III from an adult small monodactyl equid was recovered in situ from the middle of Bed II at Evelyn Fuchs-Hans Reck Korongo, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania in 1963. Interosseous contacts for splint metatarsals II and IV are less evident than in any modern comparative Equus metapodials in Leiden, Holland, London, England or in the field in Africa: horses (E. caballus), zebras (E. burchellii, E. grevyi, E. quagga) and asses (E. a. asinus, E. a. africanus), of which the horses and asses were domesticates. The specimen is provisionally assigned to Equus (Asinus) asinus. The estimated height at the shoulders is less than a meter for the animal in life, comparable to a small donkey.		  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 105  
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Author Houpt, K.A.; Parsons, M.S.; Hintz, H.F. openurl 
  Title Learning ability of orphan foals, of normal foals and of their mothers Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication Journal of animal science Abbreviated Journal J. Anim Sci.  
  Volume (down) 55 Issue 5 Pages 1027-1032  
  Keywords Age Factors; Animals; Body Weight; Dominance-Subordination; Female; Horses/*physiology; *Learning; *Maternal Deprivation; Mothers/*psychology  
  Abstract The maze learning ability of six pony foals that had been weaned at birth was compared to that of six foals reared normally. The foals' learning ability was also compared to their mothers' learning ability at the same task; the correct turn in a single choice point maze. The maze learning test was conducted when the foals were 6 to 8 mo old and after the mothered foals had been weaned. There was no significant difference between the ability of orphaned (weaned at birth) and mothered foals in their ability to learn to turn left (6 +/- .7 and 5.1 +/- .1 trials, respectively) or to learn the reversal, to turn right (6.7 +/- .6 and 6.2 +/- .6 trials, respectively). The orphan foals spent significantly more time in the maze in their first exposure to it than the mothered foals (184 +/- 42 vs 55 +/- 15 s. Mann Whitney U = 7, P less than .05). The mothers of the foals (n = 11) learned to turn left as rapidly as the foals (5.9 +/- .7 trials), but they were slower to learn to turn right (9.8 +/- 1.4 vs 6.4 +/- .4 trials, Mann Whitney U = 33, P less than .05), indicating that the younger horses learned more rapidly. There was no correlation between the trials to criteria of the mare and those of her foal, but there was a significant negative correlation between rank in trials to criteria and age (r = -65, P less than .05) when data from the mare and foal trials were combined. The dominance hierarchy of the mares was determined using a paired feeding test in which two horses competed for one bucket of feed. Although there was no correlation between rank in the hierarchy and maze learning ability, there was a correlation between body weight and rank in the hierarchy (r = .7, P less than .05). This may indicate either that heavier horses are likely to be dominant or that horses high in dominance gain more weight. Maternal deprivation did not appear to seriously retard learning of a simple maze by foals, although the orphans moved more slowly initially. The lack of maternal influence on learning is also reflected in the lack of correlation between the mare's learning ability and that of her foal. Young horses appear to learn more rapidly than older horses.  
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  ISSN 0021-8812 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:7174546 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 58  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Houpt, K.A.; Keiper, R. openurl 
  Title The position of the stallion in the equine dominance hierarchy of feral and domestic ponies. Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication Journal of Animal Science Abbreviated Journal J. Anim Sci  
  Volume (down) 54 Issue 5 Pages 945-950  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 668  
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