| |
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
Fox, N.A. |
|
| |
Title |
Temperament and early experience form social behavior |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
|
| |
Volume |
1038 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
171-178 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Adult; Animals; Child; Child Behavior Disorders/physiopathology; Fear/physiology; Humans; Individuality; Infant; Learning/*physiology; *Personality Development; *Social Behavior; Temperament/*physiology |
|
| |
Abstract |
Individual differences in the way persons respond to stimulation can have important consequences for their ability to learn and their choice of vocation. Temperament is the study of such individual differences, being thought of as the behavioral style of an individual. Common to all approaches in the study of temperament are the notions that it can be identified in infancy, is fairly stable across development, and influences adult personality. We have identified a specific temperament type in infancy that involves heightened distress to novel and unfamiliar stimuli. Infants who exhibit this temperament are likely, as they get older, to display behavioral inhibition-wariness and heightened vigilance of the unfamiliar-particularly in social situations. Our work has also described the underlying biology of this temperament and has linked it to neural systems supporting fear responses in animals. Children displaying behavioral inhibition are at-risk for behavioral problems related to anxiety and social withdrawal. |
|
| |
Address |
Institute for Child Study, Department of Human Development, University of Maryland, 3304 Benjamin Building, College Park, MD 20742-1131, USA. nf4@umail.umd.edu |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN  |
0077-8923 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:15838111 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4131 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Zhang, T.-Y.; Parent, C.; Weaver, I.; Meaney, M.J. |
|
| |
Title |
Maternal programming of individual differences in defensive responses in the rat |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
|
| |
Volume |
1032 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
85-103 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Adaptation, Biological; Aggression/*physiology; Animals; Evolution; Female; Gene Expression/physiology; Humans; Individuality; *Maternal Behavior; Phenotype; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Stress, Psychological/physiopathology |
|
| |
Abstract |
This paper describes the results of a series of studies showing that variations in mother-pup interactions program the development of individual differences in behavioral and endocrine stress responses in the rat. These effects are associated with altered expression of genes in brain regions, such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, that regulate the expression of stress responses. Studies from evolutionary biology suggest that such “maternal effects” are common and often associated with variations in the quality of the maternal environment. Together these findings suggest an epigenetic process whereby the experience of the mother alters the nature of the parent-offspring interactions and thus the phenotype of the offspring. |
|
| |
Address |
McGill Program for the Study of Behavior, Genes and Environment, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 boul. LaSalle, Montreal (Quebec), Canada H4H 1R3 |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0077-8923 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:15677397 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4132 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Levy, J. |
|
| |
Title |
The mammalian brain and the adaptive advantage of cerebral asymmetry |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1977 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
|
| |
Volume |
299 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
264-272 |
|
| |
Keywords |
*Adaptation, Physiological; Adaptation, Psychological/physiology; Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Brain/*physiology; Cognition/physiology; Dominance, Cerebral/*physiology; *Evolution; Humans; Intelligence; Perception/physiology |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0077-8923 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:280207 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4137 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Kawamura, S. |
|
| |
Title |
Aggression as studied in troops of Japanese monkeys |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1967 |
Publication |
UCLA Forum in Medical Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
UCLA Forum Med Sci |
|
| |
Volume |
7 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
195-223 |
|
| |
Keywords |
*Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Defense Mechanisms; Female; *Haplorhini; Homosexuality; Humans; Japan; Leadership; Male; Play and Playthings; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Behavior; Socialization |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0082-7134 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:4972333 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
2056 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Hanson, R.P.; Trainer, D.O. |
|
| |
Title |
Significance of changing ecology on the epidemiology of arboviruses in the United States |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1969 |
Publication |
Proceedings, Annual Meeting of the United States Animal Health Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Annu Meet U S Anim Health Assoc |
|
| |
Volume |
73 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
291-294 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; Arthropod Vectors; Disease Reservoirs; *Ecology; *Encephalitis, Arbovirus; *Horse Diseases; Horses; Humans; United States |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0082-8750 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:5278181 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2742 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Dowdle, W.R.; Schild, G.C. |
|
| |
Title |
Influenza: its antigenic variation and ecology |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Bulletin of the Pan American Health Organization |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bull Pan Am Health Organ |
|
| |
Volume |
10 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
193-195 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; *Antigens, Viral; Bird Diseases/microbiology; Birds; Hemagglutinins, Viral; Horse Diseases/microbiology; Horses; Humans; Influenza A virus/immunology/isolation & purification; Influenza, Human/epidemiology; Mutation; Neuraminidase/immunology; Orthomyxoviridae/enzymology/*immunology; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/microbiology/veterinary; Recombination, Genetic; Swine; Swine Diseases/microbiology |
|
| |
Abstract |
Influenza viruses have two surface antigens, the glycoprotein structures hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Antibodies to each of these are associated with immunity, but the structures themselves are antigenically variable. When an antigenic change is gradual over time it is referred to as a drift, while a sudden complete or major change in either or both antigens is termed a shift. The mechanism of antigenic drift is usually attributed to selection of preexisting mutants by pressure from increasing immunity in the human population. The mechanism of antigenic shift is less clear, but one tentative hypothesis is that shifts arise from mammalian or avian reservoirs, or through genetic recombination of human and animal influenza strains. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0085-4638 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:187273 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2700 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Matzke, S.M.; Oubre, J.L.; Caranto, G.R.; Gentry, M.K.; Galbicka, G. |
|
| |
Title |
Behavioral and immunological effects of exogenous butyrylcholinesterase in rhesus monkeys |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Pharmacol Biochem Behav |
|
| |
Volume |
62 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
523-530 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; Antibody Formation/drug effects; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects; Butyrylcholinesterase/*immunology/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology; Cognition/drug effects; Color Perception/drug effects; Conditioning, Operant/drug effects; Discrimination Learning/drug effects; Half-Life; Horses; Humans; Macaca mulatta; Male |
|
| |
Abstract |
Although conventional therapies prevent organophosphate (OP) lethality, laboratory animals exposed to such treatments typically display behavioral incapacitation. Pretreatment with purified exogenous human or equine serum butyrylcholinesterase (Eq-BuChE), conversely, has effectively prevented OP lethality in rats and rhesus monkeys, without producing the adverse side effects associated with conventional treatments. In monkeys, however, using a commercial preparation of Eq-BuChE has been reported to incapacitate responding. In the present study, repeated administration of commercially prepared Eq-BuChE had no systematic effect on behavior in rhesus monkeys as measured by a six-item serial probe recognition task, despite 7- to 18-fold increases in baseline BuChE levels in blood. Antibody production induced by the enzyme was slight after the first injection and more pronounced following the second injection. The lack of behavioral effects, the relatively long in vivo half-life, and the previously demonstrated efficacy of BuChE as a biological scavenger for highly toxic OPs make BuChE potentially more effective than current treatment regimens for OP toxicity. |
|
| |
Address |
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100, USA |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0091-3057 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:10080246 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4064 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
[No authors listed] |
|
| |
Title |
International Conference on Environmental Cadmium: an overview |
Type |
Conference Article |
| |
Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Environmental Health Perspectives |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ Health Perspect |
|
| |
Volume |
28 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
297-30 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; Cadmium/*toxicity; Cadmium Poisoning/metabolism; Congresses; Ecology; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Pollutants/*toxicity; Female; Forecasting; Haplorhini; Horses; Humans; Rats; Waste Disposal, Fluid |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0091-6765 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:39745 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2694 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Cattell, R.B.; Korth, B. |
|
| |
Title |
The isolation of temperament dimensions in dogs |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1973 |
Publication |
Behavioral Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav Biol |
|
| |
Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
15-30 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Biometry; Body Weight; *Dogs; Emotions; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; Genetics, Behavioral; Heart Rate; Humans; Intelligence; Male; Models, Psychological; *Personality; Problem Solving; Social Behavior |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0091-6773 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:4738708 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4140 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Sachs, E. |
|
| |
Title |
Dissociation of learning in rats and its similarities to dissociative states in man |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1967 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Psychopathological Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Annu Meet Am Psychopathol Assoc |
|
| |
Volume |
55 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
249-304 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; Attention; Avoidance Learning; Chlorpromazine/pharmacology; Cognition; Conditioning (Psychology); Conflict (Psychology); *Dissociative Disorders; Fear; Humans; *Learning; Rats |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0091-7389 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:4862744 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2814 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
