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Author |
Menges, R.W.; Furcolow, M.L.; Selby, L.A.; Habermann, R.T.; Smith, C.D. |
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Title |
Ecologic studies of histoplasmosis |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1967 |
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American Journal of Epidemiology |
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Am J Epidemiol |
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85 |
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1 |
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108-119 |
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Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Antibodies/*analysis; Carnivora; Cats; Cattle; Child; Child, Preschool; Dogs; Ecology; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Histoplasma/isolation & purification; Histoplasmin; Histoplasmosis/*epidemiology/*immunology; Horses; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kansas; Male; Marsupialia; Mice; Middle Aged; Missouri; Rabbits; Skin Tests; *Soil Microbiology; Swine |
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0002-9262 |
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PMID:5334640 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2747 |
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Author |
Ayres, C.M.; Davey, L.M.; German, W.J. |
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Title |
Cerebral Hydatidosis. Clinical Case Report With A Review Of Pathogenesis |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1963 |
Publication |
Journal of Neurosurgery |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Neurosurg |
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Volume |
20 |
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371-377 |
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Keywords |
*Alaska; *Arctic Regions; *Brain Diseases; *Cattle; *Child; *Dogs; *Echinococcosis; *Ecology; *Epidemiology; *Heart Diseases; *Horses; *Infant; *Inuits; *Occipital Lobe; *Sheep; *Alaska; *Arctic Regions; *Brain Diseases; *Cattle; *Child; *Dogs; *Echinococcosis; *Ecology; *Epidemiology; *Eskimos; *Heart Diseases; *Horses; *Infant; *Occipital Lobe; *Review; *Sheep |
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0022-3085 |
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PMID:14186052 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2748 |
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Author |
Wittemyer, G.; Getz, W.M. |
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Title |
Hierarchical dominance structure and social organization in African elephants, Loxodonta africana |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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Volume |
73 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
671-681 |
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Keywords |
African elephant; between-group competition; Loxodonta africana; nepotism; resource distribution; socioecology; transitive dominance; within-group competition |
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Abstract |
According to the socioecological framework, transitivity (or linearity) in dominance relationships is related to competition over critical resources. When a population is structured into groups, the intensity of between- versus within-group competition influences the form and function of its social organization. Few studies have compared the type and relative intensity of competition at these two levels. African elephants have well-structured social relations, providing an exemplary system for such a study. We report on dominance hierarchies among free-ranging elephants and evaluate the factors that drive their socioecological structure to lie in a region of the three-dimensional nepotism/despotism/tolerance space rarely observed among social species; namely, where non-nepotistic, transitive dominance hierarchies within groups emerge despite kin-based philopatry and infrequent agonistic interactions over widely distributed resources. We found significant transitivity in dominance hierarchies between groups. Dominance relations among the matriarchs of different social groups were primarily age based, rather than driven by physical or group size, and group matriarch rank influenced the dominance relationships among nonmatriarchal females in the population. Our results suggest that between-group dominance relationships induce tolerance among group members, which in combination with high group relatedness, reduces the benefits of nepotism. We postulate that cognitive abilities and high risk of injury in contests enhance winner and loser effects, facilitating the formation of transitive dominance relationships, despite widely distributed resources over which infrequent competition occurs. The interplay of cognitive abilities, winner and loser effects, resource distribution, and within- and between-group dominance relationships may produce behaviour in other strongly social mammals that differs from that predicted by a superficial application of current socioecological models. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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449 |
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Author |
Czaran, T. |
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Title |
Game theory and evolutionary ecology: Evolutionary Games & Population Dynamics by J. Hofbauer and K. Sigmund, and Game Theory & Animal Behaviour, edited by L.A. Dugatkin and H.K. Reeve |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends. Ecol. Evol |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
246-247 |
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Keywords |
Game theory; Evolutionary ecology; Population dynamics; Ethology |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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485 |
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Author |
Dall, Sasha R. X; Houston, Alasdair I.; McNamara, John M. |
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Title |
The behavioural ecology of personality: consistent individual differences from an adaptive perspective |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Ecology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol. Letters |
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Volume |
7 |
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Pages |
734-739 |
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Keywords |
Adaptive individual differences, behavioural ecology, behavioural syndromes, evolutionary game theory, life history strategies, personality differences, state-dependent dynamic programming |
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Abstract |
Individual humans, and members of diverse other species, show consistent differences in
aggressiveness, shyness, sociability and activity. Such intraspecific differences in
behaviour have been widely assumed to be non-adaptive variation surrounding
(possibly) adaptive population-average behaviour. Nevertheless, in keeping with recent
calls to apply Darwinian reasoning to ever-finer scales of biological variation, we sketch
the fundamentals of an adaptive theory of consistent individual differences in behaviour.
Our thesis is based on the notion that such .personality differences. can be selected for if
fitness payoffs are dependent on both the frequencies with which competing strategies
are played and an individual`s behavioural history. To this end, we review existing models
that illustrate this and propose a game theoretic approach to analyzing personality
differences that is both dynamic and state-dependent. Our motivation is to provide
insights into the evolution and maintenance of an apparently common animal trait:
personality, which has far reaching ecological and evolutionary implications. |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
494 |
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Author |
Berger, J |
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Title |
Wild horses of the Great Basin |
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Book Whole |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
University of Chicago Press, |
Abbreviated Journal |
Univ. of Chic. Press |
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Keywords |
wildlife equine behaviour ecology |
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Describes the behavior of wild horses living in the Great Basin Desert of Nevada and discusses the role of the horses in the area's ecology |
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University of Chicago Press |
Place of Publication |
Chicago |
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0-226-04367-3 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
659 |
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Author |
Barton, R.A.; Byrne, R.W.; Whiten, A. |
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Title |
Ecology, feeding competition and social structure in baboons |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
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38 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
321-329 |
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Key words Ecology – Competition – Group size – Baboons |
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Predictions of the model of van Schaik (1989) of female-bonding in primates are tested by systematically comparing the ecology, level of within-group contest competition for food (WGC), and patterns of social behaviour found in two contrasting baboon populations. Significant differences were found in food distribution (percentage of the diet from clumped sources), feeding supplant rates and grooming patterns. In accord with the model, the tendencies of females to affiliate and form coalitions with one another, and to be philopatric, were strongest where ecological conditions promoted WGC. Group fission in the population with strong WGC was “horizontal” with respect to female dominance rank, and associated with female-female aggression during a period of elevated feeding competition. In contrast, where WGC was low, females' grooming was focused on adult males rather than other females. Recent evidence suggests that group fission here is initiated by males, tends to result in the formation of one-male groups, and is not related to feeding competition but to male-male competition for mates. An ecological model of baboon social structure is presented which incorporates the effects of female-female competition, male-male competition, and predation pressure. The model potentially accounts for wide variability in group size, group structure and social relationships within the genus Papio. Socio-ecological convergence between common baboons and hamadryas baboons, however, may be limited in some respects by phylogenetic inertia. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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807 |
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Author |
Berger, J. |
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Title |
Wild Horses of the Great Basin: Social Competition and Population Size |
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Book Whole |
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1986 |
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Wildlife Behavior Ecology |
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Editorial Reviews
From Library Journal
Berger begins this scholarly and absorbing treatise by discussing the natural history of the horse in general. Then, on the basis of several years of field work, he describes and details the behavior and ecology of the wild horses in the Great Basin Desert of Nevada. The purpose of the book is not, however, merely to describe natural history, but also to test quantitatively several basic ecological hypotheses. Berger has done both well, and his book will be a major source of information on North American wild horses for years to come. The book will interest specialists and graduate students primarily. It may also appeal to anyone with a strong interest in wild horses, and the remote and starkly beautiful Great Basin. Nicholas J. Volkman, Point Reyes Bird Observatory, Stinson Beach, Cal.
Copyright 1986 Reed Business Information, Inc. |
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University of Chicago Press |
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Chicago |
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Englisch |
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978-0226043678 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2173 |
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Author |
Feh, C.; Munkhtuya, B.; Enkhbold, S.; Sukhbaatar, T. |
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Title |
Ecology and social structure of the Gobi khulan Equus hemionus subsp. in the Gobi B National Park, Mongolia |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol. Conserva. |
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101 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
51-61 |
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Keywords |
Equus hemionus; Ecology and social structure; Gobi National Park; Mongolia |
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Abstract |
The status of the Gobi khulan Equus hemionus subsp. is recorded as “insufficiently known” in the Species Survival Commission's Equid Action Plan. Recent counts confirm that Mongolia holds the most important population of the whole species. Since 1953, the animals have benefited from a protected status, but this is now challenged. A 5-year study in the B part of the Gobi National Park on one subpopulation showed that it has remained stable over the past 15 years with an adequate mean reproductive rate of 15% and a 50% survival rate over the first year. Age/sex related mortality and prey analysis indicate that wolf predation probably has some impact on the population, in particular for 4-6-year-olds of both sexes at the start of reproduction. Desert and mountain steppes are the khulan's year-round preferred habitat, but `oases', play an important role at the beginning of lactation. Anthropogenic factors affect both home range and habitat use through direct intervention or permanent occupation of the scarce water sources. Khulans of this subpopulation, unlike other Asian and African wild asses, form year-round stable, non-territorial families. These families and all-male groups join together into “bands” in winter, and herds of several hundred animals, where reproductive rate is highest, form throughout the year. The existence of such herds may thus be critical for the breeding success of the population. Our study provides the first detailed quantitative data for this subspecies, which will help to monitor changes in the future. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2289 |
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No authors listed |
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Title |
Workshop on the geographic spread of Aedes albopictus in Europe and the concern among public health authorities. Proceedings of a workshop held at the Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy, 19-20 December 1994 |
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Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Parassitologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Parassitologia |
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37 |
Issue |
2-3 |
Pages |
87-90 |
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Keywords |
*Aedes/growth & development/parasitology/virology; African horse sickness virus; Animals; Commerce; Dengue Virus; Dirofilaria; Disease Reservoirs; Ecology; Europe; Humans; *Insect Vectors/growth & development/parasitology/virology; Italy; *Mosquito Control/methods/organization & administration; Public Health; Rift Valley fever virus |
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0048-2951 |
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PMID:8778669 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2659 |
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