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Author Houpt, T.R.; Houpt, K.A. openurl 
  Title Nitrogen conservation by ponies fed a low -protein ration Type Journal Article
  Year 1971 Publication American journal of veterinary research Abbreviated Journal Am J Vet Res  
  Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 579-588  
  Keywords Administration, Oral; Amino Acids/biosynthesis; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology; Body Weight/drug effects; Dietary Proteins/*pharmacology; Horses/*metabolism; Nitrogen/*metabolism; Urea/administration & dosage/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism; Water/metabolism  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0002-9645 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:5110116 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 62  
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Author Jansen, W.L.; van Alphen, M.; Berghout, M.; Everts, H.; Beynen, A.C. url  doi
openurl 
  Title An approach to assessment of the efficiency of dietary energy utilization by horses and ponies kept at riding schools Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication The Veterinary quarterly Abbreviated Journal Vet Q  
  Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 195-198  
  Keywords *Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Body Weight; Dietary Fats; Dietary Fiber; *Energy Intake; *Energy Metabolism; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male  
  Abstract The ratio of calculated net energy intake (NEi) to calculate net energy requirement (NEr) might serve as an indicator of the efficiency of dietary energy utilization. The ratio was determined for 93 horses and ponies from 10 riding schools. For each animal with an assumed constant body weight, energy intake and energy requirements were assessed. On average, the estimated NEi was 14% greater than NEr. There was a significant, negative association between crude fibre intake and the NEi: NEr ratio. Earlier work indicated that extra fat intake may lead to over estimation of the calculated energy value of the ration due to changes in macronutrient digestibility. Dietary fat concentration was found to range from 32 to 52 g/kg dry matter (5 to 6 g/MJ net energy), but on the basis of digestibility trials this range in fat concentration is too small to significantly influence the NEi: NEr ratio. This study shows that assessment of the efficiency of dietary energy utilization under normal conditions, on the basis of the NEi: NEr ratio is fraught with uncertainty.  
  Address Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary, Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0165-2176 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:11765239 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1807  
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Author Jeong, S.; Han, M.; Lee, H.; Kim, M.; Kim, J.; Nicol, C.J.; Kim, B.H.; Choi, J.H.; Nam, K.-H.; Oh, G.T.; Yoon, M. openurl 
  Title Effects of fenofibrate on high-fat diet-induced body weight gain and adiposity in female C57BL/6J mice Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Metabolism: clinical and experimental Abbreviated Journal Metabolism  
  Volume 53 Issue 10 Pages 1284-1289  
  Keywords Adipose Tissue/*anatomy & histology/drug effects; Animals; Antilipemic Agents/*pharmacology; Body Composition/*drug effects; Body Weight/drug effects; Dietary Fats/*pharmacology; Eating/drug effects; Fatty Acids/metabolism; Female; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects; Leptin/metabolism; Liver/metabolism; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Ovariectomy; Procetofen/*pharmacology; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/genetics; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism; Transcription Factors/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism; Weight Gain/*drug effects  
  Abstract Our previous study suggested that fenofibrate affects obesity and lipid metabolism in a sexually dimorphic manner in part through the differential activation of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) in male and female C57BL/6J mice. To determine whether fenofibrate reduces body weight gain and adiposity in female sham-operated (Sham) and ovariectomized (OVX) C57BL/6J mice, the effects of fenofibrate on not only body weight, white adipose tissue (WAT) mass, and food intake, but also the expression of both leptin and PPARalpha target genes were measured. Compared to their respective low-fat diet-fed controls, both Sham and OVX mice exhibited increases in body weight and WAT mass when fed a high-fat diet. Fenofibrate treatment decreased body weight gain and WAT mass in OVX, but not in Sham mice. Furthermore, fenofibrate increased the mRNA levels of PPARalpha target genes encoding peroxisomal enzymes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation, and reduced apolipoprotein C-III (apo C-III) mRNA, all of which were expressed at higher levels in OVX compared to Sham mice. However, leptin mRNA levels were found to positively correlate with WAT mass, and food intake was not changed in either OVX or Sham mice following fenofibrate treatment. These results suggest that fenofibrate differentially regulates body weight and adiposity due in part to differences in PPARalpha activation, but not to differences in leptin production, between female OVX and Sham mice.  
  Address Department of Life Sciences, Mokwon University, Taejon, Korea  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0026-0495 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:15375783 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 72  
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Author Katz, M.; Lachlan, R.F. doi  openurl
  Title Social learning of food types in zebra finches (Taenopygia guttata) is directed by demonstrator sex and feeding activity Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Animal Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.  
  Volume 6 Issue 1 Pages 11-16  
  Keywords Animals; Color; Diet; *Feeding Behavior; Female; *Learning; Male; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior; *Songbirds  
  Abstract In this study we examined how social learning of feeding preferences by zebra finches was affected by the identity of different demonstrators. We presented adult zebra finches with two demonstrators, one male and one female, that exhibited different food choices, and we recorded their subsequent preference when given a choice between the two food types. Previously it was found that young zebra finches' patterns of social learning are affected by the sex of the individual demonstrating a feeding behaviour. This result could be explained by the lack of exposure these animals had to the opposite sex, or by their mating status. Therefore, we investigated the social learning preferences of adult mated zebra finches. We found the same pattern of directed social learning of a different type of feeding behaviour (food colour): female zebra finches preferred the colour of food eaten by male demonstrators, whereas male zebra finches showed little evidence of any preference for the colour of food eaten by female demonstrators. Furthermore, we found that female observers' preferences were biased by demonstrators' relative feeding activity: the female demonstrator was only ever preferred if it ate less than its male counterpart.  
  Address Institute of Evolutionary and Ecological Science, University of Leiden, Kaiserstraat 63, 2311GP, Leiden, The Netherlands  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1435-9448 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:12658531 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2585  
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Author Lamoot, I.; Callebaut, J.; Demeulenaere, E.; Vandenberghe, C.; Hoffmann, M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Foraging behaviour of donkeys grazing in a coastal dune area in temperate climate conditions Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume 92 Issue 1-2 Pages 93-112  
  Keywords Grazing behaviour; Habitat use; Donkey; Equid; Diet composition  
  Abstract A small herd of donkeys was introduced in a coastal dune reserve `Houtsaegerduinen' (ca. 80 ha) in Belgium, in order to slow down expansion of dominant grass and shrub species. The Houtsaegerduinen is a nutrient poor scrub-dominated dune system with a spatially heterogeneous vegetation pattern. Different aspects of the grazing behaviour (grazing time, bite rate, habitat use, diet composition) of the free-ranging donkeys are described and analysed. Behavioural data (of maximum six adult mares) were collected through continuous focal animal observation in three consecutive years (1998-2001). Temporal variation in grazing time, habitat use and diet composition was determined. During daylight, donkeys spent most of their time on grazing (56%). In all 3 years, grazing time was significantly shorter in summer (45% of their time), longest grazing times were achieved in spring (64%). In spring, the donkeys also achieved the highest bite rate (21.5 bites/min). The grassy habitat was preferred for foraging in all seasons, while the use of scrub and woodland was variable over time. Averaged over the four seasons, the general diet consisted for 80% of graminoids, 10% of forbs and 10% of woody plants. However, diet composition varied not only among seasons and years, but depended also on the foraged habitat type. We discuss the possible role of the donkeys in nature management.  
  Address  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2338  
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Author Laut, J.E.; Houpt, K.A.; Hintz, H.F.; Houpt, T.R. openurl 
  Title The effects of caloric dilution on meal patterns and food intake of ponies Type Journal Article
  Year 1985 Publication Physiology & behavior Abbreviated Journal Physiol. Behav.  
  Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 549-554  
  Keywords Animals; Body Weight; *Diet; Energy Intake; *Feeding Behavior; Homeostasis; Horses/*physiology; Male  
  Abstract In order to determine if horses will increase their intake in response to caloric dilution, four pony geldings were fed ad lib a mixed grain diet either undiluted (3.4 Mcal/kg of digestible energy) or diluted (wt/wt) with 25% sawdust (2.6 Mcal/kg) or with 50% sawdust (1.7 Mcal/kg). The mean daily caloric intake was 17,457 kcal (3.4 Mcal diet), 17,546 kcal (2.6 Mcal diet) and 12,844 kcal (1.7 Mcal). The mean time spent eating was 246 (3.4 Mcal), 351 (2.6 Mcal), and 408 (1.7 Mcal) minutes/day. Meal size increased and meal frequency decreased with increasing dilution. The median long survivorships of intermeal intervals were 6.4 min (3.4 Mcal), 3.95 min (2.6 Mcal) and 4.91 min (1.7 Mcal). Ponies responded to caloric dilution by increasing the volume of intake to maintain caloric intake when the diet had 25% diluent. When the diet was diluted by 50%, intake was increased, but not at a rate adequate to maintain caloric intake. However, the ponies were able to maintain body weight.  
  Address  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0031-9384 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:4070429 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 52  
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Author Macfadden, B.J. doi  openurl
  Title Evolution. Fossil horses--evidence for evolution Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 307 Issue 5716 Pages 1728-1730  
  Keywords Animals; Body Size; DNA, Mitochondrial; Diet; *Equidae/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics; *Evolution; Feeding Behavior; *Fossils; *Horses/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics; Paleodontology; Phylogeny; Time; Tooth/anatomy & histology  
  Abstract  
  Address Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. bmacfadd@flmnh.ufl.edu  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1095-9203 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:15774746 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1892  
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Author Milgram, N.W.; Head, E.; Muggenburg, B.; Holowachuk, D.; Murphey, H.; Estrada, J.; Ikeda-Douglas, C.J.; Zicker, S.C.; Cotman, C.W. openurl 
  Title Landmark discrimination learning in the dog: effects of age, an antioxidant fortified food, and cognitive strategy Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Abbreviated Journal Neurosci Biobehav Rev  
  Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages 679-695  
  Keywords Age Factors; Aging/*physiology; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antioxidants/*pharmacology; Blood Chemical Analysis/methods; Cognition/*physiology; *Diet; Discrimination Learning/*drug effects/*physiology; Distance Perception/drug effects/physiology; Dogs/physiology; Female; Male; Psychomotor Performance/physiology; Retention (Psychology)/drug effects/physiology; Spatial Behavior/*drug effects/*physiology; Task Performance and Analysis; Time Factors; Vitamin E/blood  
  Abstract The landmark discrimination learning test can be used to assess the ability to utilize allocentric spatial information to locate targets. The present experiments examined the role of various factors on performance of a landmark discrimination learning task in beagle dogs. Experiments 1 and 2 looked at the effects of age and food composition. Experiments 3 and 4 were aimed at characterizing the cognitive strategies used in performance on this task and in long-term retention. Cognitively equivalent groups of old and young dogs were placed into either a test group maintained on food enriched with a broad-spectrum of antioxidants and mitochondrial cofactors, or a control group maintained on a complete and balanced food formulated for adult dogs. Following a wash-in period, the dogs were tested on a series of problems, in which reward was obtained when the animal responded selectively to the object closest to a thin wooden block, which served as a landmark. In Experiment 1, dogs were first trained to respond to a landmark placed directly on top of coaster, landmark 0 (L0). In the next phase of testing, the landmark was moved at successively greater distances (1, 4 or 10 cm) away from the reward object. Learning varied as a function of age group, food group, and task. The young dogs learned all of the tasks more quickly than the old dogs. The aged dogs on the enriched food learned L0 significantly more rapidly than aged dogs on control food. A higher proportion of dogs on the enriched food learned the task, when the distance was increased to 1cm. Experiment 2 showed that accuracy decreased with increased distance between the reward object and landmark, and this effect was greater in old animals. Experiment 3 showed stability of performance, despite using a novel landmark, and new locations, indicating that dogs learned the landmark concept. Experiment 4 found age impaired long-term retention of the landmark task. These results indicate that allocentric spatial learning is impaired in an age-dependent manner in dogs, and that age also affects performance when the distance between the landmark and target is increased. In addition, these results both support a role of oxidative damage in the development of age-associated cognitive dysfunction and indicate that short-term administration of a food enriched with supplemental antioxidants and mitochondrial cofactors can partially reverse the deleterious effects of aging on cognition.  
  Address Life Science Division, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ont., Canada M1C 1A4. milgram@psych.utoronto.ca  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0149-7634 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:12479842 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2806  
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Author Nelson, G.S. openurl 
  Title Onchocerciasis Type Journal Article
  Year 1970 Publication Advances in Parasitology Abbreviated Journal Adv Parasitol  
  Volume 8 Issue Pages 173-224  
  Keywords Africa; Animals; Anthelmintics/therapeutic use; Artiodactyla; Blindness/etiology; Cattle; Circadian Rhythm; Ddt; Diethylcarbamazine/therapeutic use; Diptera/anatomy & histology/growth & development; Dwarfism/etiology; Ecology; Eye/pathology; Feeding Behavior; Female; Geography; Haplorhini; Hernia, Femoral/etiology; Horses; Humans; Insect Vectors/growth & development; Larva/growth & development; Male; Onchocerca/classification/growth & development; *Onchocerciasis/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology/immunology/pathology/prevention & control/veterinary; Primates; Serologic Tests; Skin/pathology; Skin Tests; Suramin/therapeutic use  
  Abstract  
  Address  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0065-308X ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:4997515 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2738  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Nicol, C.J.; Adachi, M.; Akiyama, T.E.; Gonzalez, F.J. doi  openurl
  Title PPARgamma in endothelial cells influences high fat diet-induced hypertension Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication American journal of hypertension : journal of the American Society of Hypertension Abbreviated Journal Am J Hypertens  
  Volume 18 Issue 4 Pt 1 Pages 549-556  
  Keywords Administration, Oral; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology; Blood Pressure/drug effects; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology; Dietary Fats/*administration & dosage/pharmacology; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endothelial Cells/*metabolism; Female; Heart Rate/drug effects; Hypertension/*etiology; Ligands; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; PPAR gamma/*metabolism; Sodium Chloride/administration & dosage/pharmacology; Thiazolidinediones/pharmacology  
  Abstract BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands improve human hypertension. However, the mechanism and site of this effect remains unknown, confounded by PPARgamma expression in many cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs). METHODS: To evaluate the vascular role of PPARgamma we used a conditional null mouse model. Specific disruption of PPARgamma in ECs was created by crossing Tie2-Cre+ transgenic (T2T+) and PPARgamma-floxed (fl/fl) mice to generate PPARgamma (fl/fl)T2T+ (PPARgamma E-null) mice. Conscious 8- to 12-week-old congenic PPARgamma (fl/fl)Cre- (wild type) and PPARgamma E-null mice were examined for changes in systolic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), untreated, after 2 months of salt-loading (drinking water), and after treatment for 3 months with high fat (HF) diet alone or supplemented during the last 2 weeks with rosiglitazone (3 mg/kg/d). RESULTS: Untreated PPARgamma E-nulls were phenotypically indistinguishable from wild-type littermates. However, compared to similarly treated wild types, HF-treated PPARgamma E-nulls had significantly elevated systolic BP not seen after normal diet or salt-loading. Despite sex-dependent baseline differences, salt-loaded and HF-treated PPARgamma E-nulls of either sex had significantly elevated HR versus wild types. Interestingly, rosiglitazone improved serum insulin levels, but not HF diet-induced hypertension, in PPARgamma E-null mice. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that PPARgamma in ECs not only is an important regulator of hypertension and HR under stressed conditions mimicking those arising in type 2 diabetics, but also mediates the antihypertensive effects of rosiglitazone. These data add evidence supporting a beneficial role for PPARgamma-specific ligands in the treatment of hypertension, and suggest therapeutic strategies targeting ECs may prove useful.  
  Address Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0895-7061 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:15831367 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 69  
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