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Author  |
Alexander, D.J. |
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Title |
Ecological aspects of influenza A viruses in animals and their relationship to human influenza: a review |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
J R Soc Med |
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Volume |
75 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
799-811 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Domestic; Bird Diseases/transmission; Birds; Disease Outbreaks; Ecology; Horse Diseases/transmission; Horses; Humans; Influenza A virus/genetics/isolation & purification; Influenza, Human/microbiology/*transmission/veterinary; Swine; Swine Diseases/transmission; Zoonoses/transmission |
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0141-0768 |
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PMID:6752410 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2689 |
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Author |
Allen, C. |
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Title |
Assessing animal cognition: ethological and philosophical perspectives |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
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Volume |
76 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
42-47 |
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Keywords |
Agriculture; Animal Welfare; Animals; Animals, Domestic/physiology/*psychology; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cognition/*physiology; *Ethology; *Philosophy; Research |
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Abstract |
Developments in the scientific and philosophical study of animal cognition and mentality are of great importance to animal scientists who face continued public scrutiny of the treatment of animals in research and agriculture. Because beliefs about animal minds, animal cognition, and animal consciousness underlie many people's views about the ethical treatment of nonhuman animals, it has become increasingly difficult for animal scientists to avoid these issues. Animal scientists may learn from ethologists who study animal cognition and mentality from an evolutionary and comparative perspective and who are at the forefront of the development of naturalistic and laboratory techniques of observation and experimentation that are capable of revealing the cognitive and mental properties of nonhuman animals. Despite growing acceptance of the ethological study of animal cognition, there are critics who dispute the scientific validity of the field, especially when the topic is animal consciousness. Here, a proper understanding of developments in the philosophy of mind and the philosophy of science can help to place cognitive studies on a firm methodological and philosophical foundation. Ultimately, this is an interdisciplinary task, involving scientists and philosophers. Animal scientists are well-positioned to contribute to the study of animal cognition because they typically have access to a large pool of potential research subjects whose habitats are more controlled than in most field studies while being more natural than most laboratory psychology experiments. Despite some formidable questions remaining for analysis, the prospects for progress in assessing animal cognition are bright. |
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Department of Philosophy, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-4237, USA |
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0021-8812 |
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PMID:9464883 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2750 |
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Author |
Bazovska, S.; Awad-Masalmeh, M.; Kmety, E.; Spalekova, M. |
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Title |
[Legionella antibodies in domestic animals] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Ceskoslovenska Epidemiologie, Mikrobiologie, Imunologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Cesk Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol |
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Volume |
41 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
268-273 |
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Keywords |
Agglutination Tests/veterinary; Animals; Animals, Domestic/*immunology/microbiology; Antibodies, Bacterial/*analysis; Cattle/immunology; Horses/immunology; Legionella/*immunology; Legionella pneumophila/immunology; Rabbits/immunology; Sheep/immunology; Swine/immunology |
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Abstract |
Serological examination of 420 domestic animals for the presence of antilegionella antibodies indicates their high exposure to legionellae. On examination by the microagglutination reaction with a serum dilution of 1:64 or more the highest positive values were recorded in horses which reacted with antigens of L. pneumophila 1-14 in 36.2% and with antigens of another 19 types of legionellae in 47.8%. In pigs positive values recorded in 16.2% and in 21.1%; in cattle in 3.8% and 29.5%, in sheep in 7.5% and 11.3% and laboratory rabbits were quite negative. The importance of these findings with regard to the possible role of animals in the ecology of legionellae is obscure. |
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Ustav epidemiologie Lekarskej fakulty UK v Bratislave |
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Slovak |
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Original Title |
Protilatky proti legionelam u domacich zvierat |
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0009-0522 |
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Notes |
PMID:1464079 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2669 |
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Author |
Beaver, B.V. |
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Title |
Problems & values associated with dominance |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1981 |
Publication |
Veterinary medicine, small animal clinician : VM, SAC |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Med Small Anim Clin |
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Volume |
76 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1129-1131 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Domestic; *Behavior, Animal; Cats; Cattle; Dogs; Horses; *Social Dominance; Swine |
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0042-4889 |
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Notes |
PMID:6914851 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
678 |
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Author |
Budras, K.D.; Scheibe, K.; Patan, B.; Streich, W.J.; Kim, K. |
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Title |
Laminitis in Przewalski horses kept in a semireserve |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Journal of Veterinary Science (Suwon-si, Korea) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Vet Sci |
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2 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-7 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Body Weight; Climate; Geography; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology; Horses; Korea/epidemiology; Lameness, Animal/*epidemiology |
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Abstract |
Semireserves were created by the European Conservation Project for scientific research in preparation for reintroduction in the wilderness. They are defined as enclosures large enough to carry a group of Przewalski horses throughout the year without any additional feeding. The semireserve offers diverse opportunities for significant scientific research. As part of a general screening program, the hoof development in a group of Przewalski horses was investigated in the semireserve Schorfheide near Berlin. Since the foundation of this semireserve in 1992, veterinary treatment was not necessary with the exception of hoof trimming in two animals in 1993. However, major health problems were encountered in the spring of 1999, when three other mares showed signs of laminitis. The initial diagnosis by the authors and the local veterinary surgeon based on observation of behaviour, gait, stance, walk and trot of three mares whose initial weights were higher than those of the healthy mares. The initial diagnosis was confirmed by palpation and the occurrence of very deep horn rings on all hooves and a laminitic horn ring on the right front hoof of one mare. An adequate laminitic therapy was not possible under the conditions of a semireserve. The applied management aimed at two goals: 1. To reduce endotoxin production and acidosis in the horses by reducing the ingestion of carbohydrate rich food. 2. To reduce the mares level of activity and to prevent tearing of the suspensory apparatus of the coffin bone. To achieve these two goals it was decided to remove the three laminitic mares from the rich pasture in the main part of the semireserve and to confine them onto the poorer pasture of the small separately fenced area. All three affected mares had fully recovered from their laminitic condition. Prevention of grass laminitis can be achieved by the following measures: 1. Reduction in grass intake could be achieved by increasing the grazing pressure by an increase in stocking rate of the horses or mixed grazing with another species such as sheep. 2. A longer term solution to the problem may well be to sow specific varieties of grass with lower concentrations of water soluble carbohydrate. |
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Institute of Veterinary Anatomy of the Free University of Berlin, Berlin 33, Germany. budras@vetmed.fu-berlin.de |
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1229-845X |
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Notes |
PMID:14614287 |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1905 |
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Author |
Drent, P.J.; van Oers, K.; van Noordwijk, A.J. |
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Title |
Realized heritability of personalities in the great tit (Parus major) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Biol Sci |
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Volume |
270 |
Issue |
1510 |
Pages |
45-51 |
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Keywords |
Aggression; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; *Behavior, Animal; Breeding; Exploratory Behavior; Female; *Heredity; Male; Selection (Genetics); Songbirds/*genetics/*physiology; Variation (Genetics) |
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Abstract |
Behaviour under conditions of mild stress shows consistent patterns in all vertebrates: exploratory behaviour, boldness, aggressiveness covary in the same way. The existence of highly consistent individual variation in these behavioural strategies, also referred to as personalities or coping styles, allows us to measure the behaviour under standardized conditions on birds bred in captivity, link the standardized measurements to the behaviour under natural conditions and measure natural selection in the field. We have bred the great tit (Parus major), a classical model species for the study of behaviour under natural conditions, in captivity. Here, we report a realized heritability of 54 +/- 5% for early exploratory behaviour, based on four generations of bi-directional artificial selection. In addition to this, we measured hand-reared juveniles and their wild-caught parents in the laboratory. The heritability found in the mid-offspring-mid-parent regression was significantly different from zero. We have thus established the presence of considerable amounts of genetic variation for personality types in a wild bird. |
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Address |
Netherlands Institute of Ecology, PO Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, The Netherlands. drent@cto.nioo.knaw.nl |
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ISSN |
0962-8452 |
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Notes |
PMID:12590770 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
591 |
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Author |
Duncan, I.J.; Petherick, J.C. |
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Title |
The implications of cognitive processes for animal welfare |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
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Volume |
69 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
5017-5022 |
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Keywords |
*Animal Welfare; Animals; Animals, Domestic/*psychology; *Cognition |
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Abstract |
In general, codes that have been designed to safeguard the welfare of animals emphasize the importance of providing an environment that will ensure good health and a normal physiological and physical state, that is, they emphasize the animals' physical needs. If mental needs are mentioned, they are always relegated to secondary importance. The argument is put forward here that animal welfare is dependent solely on the cognitive needs of the animals concerned. In general, if these cognitive needs are met, they will protect the animals' physical needs. It is contended that in the few cases in which they do not safeguard the physical needs, it does not matter from a welfare point of view. The human example is given of being ill. It is argued that welfare is only adversely affected when a person feels ill, knows that he or she is ill, or even thinks that he or she is ill, all of which processes are cognitive ones. The implications for welfare of animals possessing certain cognitive abilities are discussed. For example, the extent to which animals are aware of their internal state while performing behavior known to be indicative of so-called states of suffering, such as fear, frustration, and pain, will determine how much they are actually suffering. With careful experimentation it may be possible to determine how negative they feel these states to be. Similarly, the extent to which animals think about items or events absent from their immediate environment will determine how frustrated they are in the absence of the real item or event but in the presence of the cognitive representation. |
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University of Guelph, Canada |
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English |
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0021-8812 |
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Notes |
PMID:1808195 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2753 |
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Author |
Hare, B.; Brown, M.; Williamson, C.; Tomasello, M. |
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Title |
The domestication of social cognition in dogs |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
298 |
Issue |
5598 |
Pages |
1634-1636 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Domestic; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; *Cues; *Dogs; Food; Humans; Memory; Pan troglodytes; *Social Behavior; Species Specificity; Vision; Wolves |
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Abstract |
Dogs are more skillful than great apes at a number of tasks in which they must read human communicative signals indicating the location of hidden food. In this study, we found that wolves who were raised by humans do not show these same skills, whereas domestic dog puppies only a few weeks old, even those that have had little human contact, do show these skills. These findings suggest that during the process of domestication, dogs have been selected for a set of social-cognitive abilities that enable them to communicate with humans in unique ways. |
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Address |
Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. bhare@fas.harvard.edu |
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1095-9203 |
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Notes |
PMID:12446914 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
595 |
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Author |
Hare, B.; Plyusnina, I.; Ignacio, N.; Schepina, O.; Stepika, A.; Wrangham, R.; Trut, L. |
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Title |
Social cognitive evolution in captive foxes is a correlated by-product of experimental domestication |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Current biology : CB |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr Biol |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
226-230 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Domestic; Cognition/*physiology; *Cues; *Evolution; Foxes/*physiology; *Selection (Genetics); Social Behavior; Species Specificity |
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Abstract |
Dogs have an unusual ability for reading human communicative gestures (e.g., pointing) in comparison to either nonhuman primates (including chimpanzees) or wolves . Although this unusual communicative ability seems to have evolved during domestication , it is unclear whether this evolution occurred as a result of direct selection for this ability, as previously hypothesized , or as a correlated by-product of selection against fear and aggression toward humans--as is the case with a number of morphological and physiological changes associated with domestication . We show here that fox kits from an experimental population selectively bred over 45 years to approach humans fearlessly and nonaggressively (i.e., experimentally domesticated) are not only as skillful as dog puppies in using human gestures but are also more skilled than fox kits from a second, control population not bred for tame behavior (critically, neither population of foxes was ever bred or tested for their ability to use human gestures) . These results suggest that sociocognitive evolution has occurred in the experimental foxes, and possibly domestic dogs, as a correlated by-product of selection on systems mediating fear and aggression, and it is likely the observed social cognitive evolution did not require direct selection for improved social cognitive ability. |
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Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. hare@eva.mpg.de |
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0960-9822 |
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PMID:15694305 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
594 |
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Author |
Hazem, A.S. |
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Title |
[Collective review: Salmonella paratyphi in animals and in the environment] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1978 |
Publication |
DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
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85 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
296-303 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Bird Diseases/epidemiology; Brachyura; Cat Diseases/epidemiology; Cats; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology; Dog Diseases/epidemiology; Dogs; Ecology; Environment; Fish Diseases/epidemiology; Germany, West; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses; Mollusca; Poultry Diseases/epidemiology; Salmonella Infections, Animal/*epidemiology; *Salmonella paratyphi A; Sheep; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology; Snails; Swine; Swine Diseases/epidemiology |
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German |
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Sammelreferat: Salmonella paratyphi bei Tieren und in der Umwelt |
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0341-6593 |
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PMID:352661 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2698 |
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