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Author |
Beerwerth, W.; Schurmann, J. |
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Title |
[Contribution to the ecology of mycobacteria] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year  |
1969 |
Publication |
Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. 1. Abt. Medizinisch-Hygienische Bakteriologie, Virusforschung und Parasitologie. Originale |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zentralbl Bakteriol [Orig] |
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Volume |
211 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
58-69 |
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Keywords |
*Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle; Chickens; Ecology; Feces/*microbiology; *Food Microbiology; Germany, West; Horses; Hydroxides; Mycobacterium/classification/*isolation & purification; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification; Oxalates; *Sewage; Sheep; Sodium; *Soil Microbiology; Swine; *Water Microbiology |
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German |
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Original Title |
Zur Okologie der Mykobakterien |
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0372-8110 |
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PMID:4989344 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2743 |
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Author |
Hertel, J.; Altmann, H.J.; Drepper, K. |
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Title |
[Nutritional physiology studies of the horse. II. Raw nutrient studies of the gastrointestinal tract of slaughtered horses] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1970 |
Publication |
Zeitschrift fur Tierphysiologie, Tierernahrung und Futtermittelkunde |
Abbreviated Journal |
Z Tierphysiol Tierernahr Futtermittelkd |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
169-174 |
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Keywords |
Animal Feed/*analysis; *Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Digestive System/*analysis; Horses/*physiology; Intestines/metabolism; Lipid Metabolism; Proteins/metabolism; Stomach/metabolism |
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German |
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Original Title |
Ernahrungsphysiologische Untersuchungen beim Pferd. II. Rohnahrstoffuntersuchungen im Magen-Darm-Trakt von Schlachtpferden |
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0044-3565 |
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PMID:5516852 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
136 |
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Author |
Bradley, B.L. |
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Title |
Animal flavor types and their specific uses in compound feeds by species and age |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Fortschritte in der Tierphysiologie und Tierernahrung |
Abbreviated Journal |
Fortschr Tierphysiol Tierernahr |
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Volume |
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Issue |
11 |
Pages |
110-122 |
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Keywords |
Aging; *Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle; Energy Intake; *Flavoring Agents; Horses; Poultry; Smell; Species Specificity; Sweetening Agents; Swine; Taste |
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English |
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ISSN |
0301-570X |
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Notes |
PMID:7390352 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4314 |
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Author |
Ralston, S.L. |
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Title |
Controls of feeding in horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1984 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
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Volume |
59 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1354-1361 |
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Keywords |
Animal Feed; Animals; Digestive Physiology; Energy Metabolism; Feeding Behavior/*physiology; Food Preferences; Horses/*physiology; Oropharynx/physiology; Satiation/physiology; Smell; Taste |
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Abstract |
Members of the genus Equus are large, nonruminant herbivores. These animals utilize the products of both enzymatic digestion in the small intestine and bacterial fermentation (volatile fatty acids) in the cecum and large colon as sources of metabolizable energy. Equine animals rely primarily upon oropharyngeal and external stimuli to control the size and duration of an isolated meal. Meal frequency, however, is regulated by stimuli generated by the presence and (or) absorption of nutrients (sugars, fatty acids, protein) in both the large and small intestine plus metabolic cues reflecting body energy stores. The control of feeding in this species reflects its evolutionary development in an environment which selected for consumption of small, frequent meals of a variety of forages. |
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English |
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ISSN |
0021-8812 |
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Notes |
PMID:6392275 |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1954 |
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Author |
Hawkes, J.; Hedges, M.; Daniluk, P.; Hintz, H.F.; Schryver, H.F. |
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Title |
Feed preferences of ponies |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
20-22 |
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Keywords |
*Animal Feed; Animals; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Female; *Food Preferences; Horses/*physiology; Male |
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Abstract |
Preference trials were conducted with mature ponies. In Trial 1, oats were compared with oats plus sucrose. Four of six pony geldings selected oats plus sucrose, but one pony demonstrated a dislike for sucrose and one selected from the bucket on the right side regardless of content. Oats, maize, barley, rye and wheat were compared in Trial 2 using six mature pony mares. Oats were the preferred grain, with maize and barley ranking second and third respectively. Wheat and rye were the least preferred. Even though the ponies demonstrated preference, the total intake at a given meal was not greatly depressed when only the less palatable grains were fed. In Trial 3, pony mares selected a diet containing 20 per cent dried distillers' grain and 80 per cent of a basal mixed diet of maize, oats, wheat bran, soybean meal, limestone and molasses over 100 per cent basal mixed diet, but selected the basal diet over diets containing 20 per cent blood meal, beet pulp or meat and bone meal and 80 per cent basal diet. They did not differentiate against diets containing 20 per cent alfalfa meal or 10 or 5 per cent meat and bone meal when the diets were compared to the basal mixed diet. |
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English |
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ISSN |
0425-1644 |
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Notes |
PMID:3979369 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2298 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.A.; Zahorik, D.M.; Swartzman-Andert, J.A. |
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Title |
Taste aversion learning in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Journal of animal science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
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Volume |
68 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
2340-2344 |
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Keywords |
Animal Feed; Animals; *Avoidance Learning; Feeding Behavior/*psychology; *Food Preferences; Horses/physiology/*psychology; *Taste |
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Abstract |
The ability of ponies to learn to avoid a relatively novel food associated with illness was tested in three situations: when illness occurred immediately after consuming a feed; when illness occurred 30 min after consuming a feed; and when illness was contingent upon eating one of three feeds offered simultaneously. Apomorphine was used to produce illness. The feeds associated with illness were corn, alfalfa pellets, sweet feed and a complete pelleted feed. The ponies learned to avoid all the fees except the complete feed when apomorphine injection immediately followed consumption of the feed. However, the ponies did not learn to avoid a feed if apomorphine was delayed 30 min after feed consumption. They could learn to avoid alfalfa pellets, but not corn, when these feeds were presented with the familiar “safe foods,” oats and soybean meal. Ponies apparently are able to learn a taste aversion, but there were constraints on this learning ability. Under the conditions of this study, they did not learn to avoid a food that made them sick long after consumption of the food, and they had more difficulty learning to avoid highly palatable feeds. |
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Address |
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 |
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English |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0021-8812 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:2401656 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
41 |
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Author |
Krzak, W.E.; Gonyou, H.W.; Lawrence, L.M. |
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Title |
Wood chewing by stabled horses: diurnal pattern and effects of exercise |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
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Volume |
69 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1053-1058 |
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Keywords |
Animal Feed; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Circadian Rhythm; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; *Mastication; *Physical Conditioning, Animal; Sodium Chloride/administration & dosage; Videotape Recording; Wood |
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Abstract |
Nine yearling horses, stabled in individual stalls, were used in a trial to determine the diurnal pattern of wood chewing and the effects of exercise on this behavior. The trial was a Latin square design conducted over three 2-wk periods during which each horse was exposed to each of the three following treatments: 1) no exercise (NE), 2) exercise after the morning feeding (AM), and 3) exercise in the afternoon (PM). Horses were fed a complete pelleted feed in the morning and both pelleted feed and long-stemmed hay in the afternoon. Exercise consisted of 45 min on a mechanical walker followed by 45 min in a paddock with bare soil. Each stall was equipped with two untreated spruce boards during each period for wood chewing. Wood chewing was evaluated by videotaping each horse for 22 h during each period, determining the weight and volume of the boards before and after each period, and by visual appraisal of the boards. Intake of trace mineralized salt was also measured. Wood chewing occurred primarily between 2200 and 1200. All measures of wood chewing were correlated when totals for the entire 6 wk were analyzed. When analysis was performed on 2-wk values, videotape results were not correlated with volume or weight loss of boards. Horses chewed more when on the NE treatment (511 s/d) than when on AM or PM (57 and 136 s/d, respectively; P less than .05). Salt intake tended to be greater for NE than for the other treatments (P less than .10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) |
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Address |
Dept. of Anim. Sci., University of Illinois, Urbana 61801 |
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English |
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0021-8812 |
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Notes |
PMID:2061237 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1949 |
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Author |
Zeeb, K. |
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Title |
[Possibilities for the all-year free-range raising of horses] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
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Volume |
101 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
122-123 |
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Keywords |
Animal Feed; *Animal Husbandry; Animal Welfare; Animals; Germany; Horses/*physiology; Housing, Animal; Seasons; Weather |
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Abstract |
The ethological concept concerning supply of needs an avoidance of damage is mentioned as a possibility for the evaluation of welfare aspects related to animal management. The 250 Dulmen horses kept on 300 ha by the Duke of Croy show what must be provided for horse-keeping in a semi-natural environment: Sufficient food and water, efficient shelter as well as adequate structures for the needs of horses concerning social and comfort behaviour. A catalogue of factors, functions and facilities for this kind of horse-keeping is presented. |
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Address |
Tierhygienischen Institut, Freiburg, Breisgau |
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German |
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Original Title |
Moglichkeiten der ganzjahrigen Freilandhaltung von Pferden |
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ISSN |
0341-6593 |
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Notes |
PMID:8205954 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1941 |
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Author |
Dierenfeld, E.S. |
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Title |
Vitamin E in exotics: effects, evaluation and ecology |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
The Journal of Nutrition |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Nutr |
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Volume |
124 |
Issue |
12 Suppl |
Pages |
2579s-2581s |
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Keywords |
Animal Feed/*analysis; Animals; Animals, Zoo/blood/*metabolism; Antelopes/blood/metabolism; Birds/blood/metabolism; Deer/blood/metabolism; Elephants/blood/metabolism; Equidae/blood/metabolism; Perissodactyla/blood/metabolism; Vitamin E/*administration & dosage/analysis/blood; Vitamin E Deficiency/pathology/physiopathology/veterinary |
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Abstract |
The pathophysiology and lesions associated with vitamin E deficiency are similar between domestic and exotic species, and circulating plasma concentrations are also similar between comparable groups. However, many ecological variables must be considered for the most relevant comparisons. Tissue values of vitamin E, apart from plasma, are unknown for most exotics. Dietary vitamin E requirements of exotic species and domestics appear to differ; based on natural foodstuff analyses and clinical observations, between 50 and 200 mg vitamin E/kg DM are necessary to prevent vitamin E deficiency, 5- to 10-fold higher than current livestock recommendations. |
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Address |
Department of Nutrition, Wildlife Health Center, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY 10460 |
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English |
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ISSN |
0022-3166 |
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Notes |
PMID:7996243 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2661 |
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Author |
Jansen, W.L.; van Alphen, M.; Berghout, M.; Everts, H.; Beynen, A.C. |
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Title |
An approach to assessment of the efficiency of dietary energy utilization by horses and ponies kept at riding schools |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
The Veterinary quarterly |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Q |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
195-198 |
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Keywords |
*Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Body Weight; Dietary Fats; Dietary Fiber; *Energy Intake; *Energy Metabolism; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male |
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Abstract |
The ratio of calculated net energy intake (NEi) to calculate net energy requirement (NEr) might serve as an indicator of the efficiency of dietary energy utilization. The ratio was determined for 93 horses and ponies from 10 riding schools. For each animal with an assumed constant body weight, energy intake and energy requirements were assessed. On average, the estimated NEi was 14% greater than NEr. There was a significant, negative association between crude fibre intake and the NEi: NEr ratio. Earlier work indicated that extra fat intake may lead to over estimation of the calculated energy value of the ration due to changes in macronutrient digestibility. Dietary fat concentration was found to range from 32 to 52 g/kg dry matter (5 to 6 g/MJ net energy), but on the basis of digestibility trials this range in fat concentration is too small to significantly influence the NEi: NEr ratio. This study shows that assessment of the efficiency of dietary energy utilization under normal conditions, on the basis of the NEi: NEr ratio is fraught with uncertainty. |
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Address |
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary, Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands |
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English |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0165-2176 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:11765239 |
Approved |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1807 |
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