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	Author	Griffin, A.S.
	Title	Socially acquired predator avoidance: Is it just classical conditioning?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Brain Research Bulletin	Abbreviated Journal	Special Issue:Brain Mechanisms, Cognition and Behaviour in Birds
	Volume	76	Issue	3	Pages	264-271
	Keywords	Learning; Classical (Pavlovian) conditioning; Social learning; Ecological specialization; General process theory; Ecology; Predation; Backward conditioning
	Abstract	Associative learning theories presume the existence of a general purpose learning process, the structure of which does not mirror the demands of any particular learning problem. In contrast, learning scientists working within an Evolutionary Biology tradition believe that learning processes have been shaped by ecological demands. One potential means of exploring how ecology may have modified properties of acquisition is to use associative learning theory as a framework within which to analyse a particular learning phenomenon. Recent work has used this approach to examine whether socially transmitted predator avoidance can be conceptualised as a classical conditioning process in which a novel predator stimulus acts as a conditioned stimulus (CS) and acquires control over an avoidance response after it has become associated with alarm signals of social companions, the unconditioned stimulus (US). I review here a series of studies examining the effect of CS/US presentation timing on the likelihood of acquisition. Results suggest that socially acquired predator avoidance may be less sensitive to forward relationships than traditional classical conditioning paradigms. I make the case that socially acquired predator avoidance is an exciting novel one-trial learning paradigm that could be studied along side fear conditioning. Comparisons between social and non-social learning of danger at both the behavioural and neural level may yield a better understanding of how ecology might shape properties and mechanisms of learning.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0361-9230	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4697
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	Author	Appleby, M.C.
	Title	Social Rank and Food Access in Red Deer Stags			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1980	Publication	Behaviour	Abbreviated Journal	Behaviour
	Volume	74	Issue		Pages	294-309
	Keywords
	Abstract	The behaviour of a free-living group of male red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) on the Isle of Rhum, Scotland, was studied throughout the year to investigate the relations between social dominance and food access. The study is based on the collection of agonistic interactions between members of the study group outside the rutting season. Analysis of these confirmed that dyadic dominance relationships summate to a very clear agonistic hierarchy, while seasonal changes in frequency and type of interactions suggested that rank in the hierarchy may affect access to food through direct feeding interference. This would constitute a selective advantage of the acquisition of high rank. A behaviour pattern in which a stag displaces a subordinate and takes over his feeding-site is proposed as a mechanism of direct feeding interference. It occurs throughout the year, but with a frequency closely related to changes in food availability and quality. The proportion of such interactions that an individual wins is related to his rank, so advantages gained from this behaviour would primarily benefit high-ranking stags. These are likely to consist of improved body condition and winter survival. The importance of high rank in obtaining access to limited food was supported by the results of a simple experiment providing a small area of fertilized grass. Most of the grazing in the area was due to the highest-ranking stag present at any time.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4860
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	Author	Duncan P,
	Title	Time-budgets of Camrgue horses; II. Time- budgets of adult horses and weaned sub-adults			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1979	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	Behaviour
	Volume	72	Issue		Pages	26-49
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1029
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	Author	Boy V, D.P.
	Title	Time-budgets of Camargue horses, I. Development changes in the time-budgets of foals			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1979	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	Behaviour
	Volume	71	Issue		Pages	187-202
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	966
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	Author	Boy, V.; Duncan, P.
	Title	Time-budgets of Camargue horses. I. Developmental changes in the time-budgets of foals.			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1979	Publication	Behaviour	Abbreviated Journal	Behaviour
	Volume	71	Issue		Pages	187-201
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author	20			Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1803
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	Author	Stammbach, E.
	Title	On Social Differentiation in Groups of Captive Female Hamadryas Baboons			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1978	Publication	Behaviour	Abbreviated Journal	Behaviour
	Volume	67	Issue	3-4	Pages	322-338
	Keywords
	Abstract	The social differentiation in small groups of captive female hamadryas baboons was examined. Two positions could be distinguished: The highest ranking female, denoted as central individual, monopolized nearly all the presenting, mounting and grooming interactions. The lower ranking females, denoted as peripheral individuals, competed for access to the central female. All dyads of a group were arranged in a rank order according to the amount of sociopositive interaction which they reached within the group. This order of prevalence of dyads was positively correlated with the sum of dominance ranks of the dyad and the mutual attraction as estimated by choice tests. A multiple rank correlation demonstrated that the influence of the sum of ranks and of mutual attraction were nearly independent. If an individual's relationship to the central female had a higher rank of prevalence than that of its rival, it intervened more often and more successfully when the rival tried to interact with the central female. Interventions served to defend rather than to establish relationships. The results are compared with other studies that discuss basic principles governing structuring processes in nonhuman primate groups.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5248
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	Author	Dow, M.; Ewing, A.W.; Sutherland, I.
	Title	Studies on the behaviour of cyprinodont fish. III. The temporal patterning of aggression in Aphyosemion striatum (Boulenger)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1976	Publication	Behaviour	Abbreviated Journal	Behaviour
	Volume	59	Issue	3-4	Pages	252-268
	Keywords	Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Dominance-Subordination; Fishes; Humans; Individuality; Killifishes; Male; Time Factors
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0005-7959	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:1035107			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4151
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	Author	Kiley,
	Title	The tail movements of ungulates, canids and felids with particular reference to their causation and function as displays			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1976	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	Behaviour
	Volume	56	Issue		Pages	69-115
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1262
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	Author	Bergmann, H.H.; Klaus, S.; Muller, F.; Wiesner, J.
	Title	[Individuality and type specificity in the songs of a population of hazel grouse (Bonasa bonasia bonasia L., Tetraoninae, Phasianidae)]			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1975	Publication	Behaviour	Abbreviated Journal	Behaviour
	Volume	55	Issue	1-2	Pages	94-114
	Keywords	Animals; Birds; Female; Individuality; Male; Time Factors; *Vocalization, Animal
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	German	Summary Language		Original Title	Individualitat und Artspezifitat in den Gesangsstrophen einer Population des Haselhuhns (Bonasa bonasia bonasia L., Tetraoninae, Phasianidae)
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0005-7959	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:1191217			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4152
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	Author	Jensen, G.D.; Gordon, B.N.; Wolfheim, J.
	Title	Nursing behavior in infant monkeys: a sequence analysis			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1975	Publication	Behaviour	Abbreviated Journal	Behaviour
	Volume	55	Issue	1-2	Pages	115-127
	Keywords	Animals; Dependency (Psychology); Feeding Behavior; Female; Macaca; Male; Sensory Deprivation; Social Behavior; Spatial Behavior
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0005-7959	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:1191212			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4153
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