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Author |
Christie, J.L.; Hewson, C.J.; Riley, C.B.; McNiven, M.A.; Dohoo, I.R.; Bate, L.A. |
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Title |
Management factors affecting stereotypies and body condition score in nonracing horses in Prince Edward Island |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
The Canadian Veterinary Journal. La Revue Veterinaire Canadienne |
Abbreviated Journal |
Can Vet J |
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Volume  |
47 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
136-143 |
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Keywords |
*Animal Husbandry/standards/statistics & numerical data; *Animal Welfare; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Body Constitution/*physiology; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; Prince Edward Island; Questionnaires; Risk Factors; Sex Factors |
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Abstract |
In North America, there are few representative data about the effects of management practices on equine welfare. In a randomized survey of 312 nonracing horses in Prince Edward Island (response rate 68.4%), owners completed a pretested questionnaire and a veterinarian examined each horse. Regression analyses identified factors affecting 2 welfare markers: body condition score (BCS) and stereotypic behavior. Horses' BCSs were high (mean 5.7, on a 9-point scale) and were associated with sex (males had lower BCSs than females; P < 0.001) and examination date (P = 0.052). Prevalences of crib biting, wind sucking, and weaving were 3.8%, 3.8%, and 4.8%, respectively. Age (OR = 1.07, P = 0.08) and hours worked weekly (OR = 1.12, P = 0.03) were risk factors for weaving. Straw bedding (OR = 0.3, P = 0.03), daily hours at pasture (OR = 0.94, P = 0.02), and horse type (drafts and miniatures had a lower risk than light horses; P = 0.12) reduced the risk of horses showing oral stereotypies. Some of these results contradict those of other studies perhaps because of populations concerned. |
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Sir James Dunn Animal Welfare Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island |
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0008-5286 |
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PMID:16579039 |
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no |
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Serial |
1875 |
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Author |
Polley, L. |
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Title |
Strongylid parasites of horses: experimental ecology of the free-living stages on the Canadian prairie |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
American Journal of Veterinary Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Vet Res |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1686-1693 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Canada; Ecology; Feces; Female; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology/parasitology; Horses; Larva; Ovum/cytology; Seasons; Strongyloides/isolation & purification; Strongyloidiasis/epidemiology/*veterinary |
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Abstract |
Each month for a 1-year period (October through September), equine fecal masses containing eggs of strongylid nematodes were placed outdoors on small grass plots in Saskatchewan, Canada. Thereafter, feces and grass from the plots were sampled after intervals of 1 week or longer, and the strongylid eggs and larvae recovered were counted. These observations were made over a 2-year period. Development of eggs to infective larvae occurred in all experiments, except those established in October, December, and January. Infective larvae from experiments set up in April through September survived that winter. During the summer, there was a gradual build up of infective larvae in the fecal masses, which reached a peak in August and September and then decreased into the winter. These results are discussed in the context of the control of strongylid parasites of horses on the Canadian prairie and in other areas of the world with a similar climate and similar horse management practices. |
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0002-9645 |
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PMID:3752676 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2682 |
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Author |
Harland, M.M.; Stewart, A.J.; Marshall, A.E.; Belknap, E.B. |
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Title |
Diagnosis of deafness in a horse by brainstem auditory evoked potential |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
The Canadian Veterinary Journal. La Revue Veterinaire Canadienne |
Abbreviated Journal |
Can Vet J |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
151-154 |
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Keywords |
Acoustic Stimulation/veterinary; Animals; Deafness/congenital/diagnosis/*veterinary; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/*physiology; Horse Diseases/congenital/*diagnosis; Horses; Male; Pigmentation/physiology; Sensitivity and Specificity |
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Abstract |
Deafness was confirmed in a blue-eyed, 3-year-old, overo paint horse by brainstem auditory evoked potential. Congenital inherited deafness associated with lack of facial pigmentation was suspected. Assessment of hearing should be considered, especially in paint horses, at the time of pre-purchase examination. Brainstem auditory evoked potential assessment is well tolerated and accurate. |
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Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Wire Road, Auburn, Alabama, USA |
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0008-5286 |
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Notes |
PMID:16579041 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5680 |
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Author |
Mejdell, C.M.; Simensen, E.; Boe, K.E. |
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Title |
Is snow a sufficient source of water for horses kept outdoors in winter? A case report |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Acta Vet Scand |
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Volume |
46 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
19-22 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Drinking Behavior; *Horses; Norway; Osmolar Concentration; Snow; *Thirst; *Water Supply |
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Abstract |
Due to extreme weather conditions, a flock of outwintered Icelandic horses had to manage for several days on snow as the source of free water. They were fed grass silage ad lib, and any change in feed consumption was not observed. After nine days, blood samples were taken and analysed for plasma osmolality, they were subjected to a simple clinical examination, and offered drinking water. Osmolality levels were within normal limits and mean value did not differ significantly from samples which previously were taken of the same individuals. The general condition of the horses was normal, with no signs of clinical dehydration or disease. The horses showed very little interest for the offered drinking water. This suggests that in cold winter weather, horses being fed grass silage and adjusted to eat snow, can manage for several days with snow substituting liquid water without their physiology and welfare being challenged. |
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National Centre for Veterinary Contract Research and Commercial Services, Ltd |
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0044-605X |
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Notes |
PMID:16108209 |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1886 |
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Author |
Giangaspero, A.; Traversa, D.; Otranto, D. |
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Title |
[Ecology of Thelazia spp. in cattle and their vectors in Italy] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Parassitologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Parassitologia |
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Volume |
46 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
257-259 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Cattle/parasitology; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology/*parasitology/transmission; Disease Transmission, Horizontal; Dog Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology/transmission; Dogs/parasitology; Ecosystem; Eye Infections, Parasitic/epidemiology/transmission/*veterinary; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology/transmission; Horses/parasitology; Humans; Insect Vectors/*parasitology; Italy/epidemiology; Muscidae/*parasitology; Species Specificity; Spirurida Infections/epidemiology/transmission/*veterinary; Thelazioidea/classification/*isolation & purification |
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Abstract |
The genus Thelazia (Spirurida, Thelaziidae) includes a cosmopolitan group of eyeworm spirurids responsible for ocular infections in domestic and wild animals and transmitted by different species of muscids. Bovine thelaziosis is caused by Thelazia rhodesi Desmarest 1828, Thelazia gulosa Railliet & Henry 1910, and Thelazia skrjabini Erschow 1928, which occur in many countries; T. gulosa and T. skrjabini have been reported mainly in the New World, while T. rhodesi is particularly common in the Old World. In Italy, T. rhodesi was reported in southern regions a long time ago and, recently, T. gulosa and T. skrjabini have been identified in autochthonous cattle first in Apulia and then in Sardinia. Thirteen species of Musca are listed as intermediate hosts of eyeworms, but only Musca autumnalis and Musca larvipara have been demonstrated to act as vectors of Thelazia in the ex-URSS, North America, ex-Czechoslovakia and more recently in Sweden. In Italy, after the reports of T. gulosa and T. skrjabini in southern regions, the intermediate hosts of bovine eyeworms were initially only suspected as the predominant secretophagous Muscidae collected from the periocular region of cattle with thelaziosis were the face flies, M. autumnalis and M. larvipara, followed by Musca osiris, Musca tempestiva and Musca domestica. The well-known constraints in the identification of immature eyeworms to species by fly dissection and also the time-consuming techniques used constitute important obstacles to epidemiological field studies (i.e. vector identification and/or role, prevalence and pattern of infection in flies, etc.). Molecular studies have recently permitted to further investigations into this area. A PCR-RFLP analysis of the ribosomal ITS-1 sequence was developed to differentiate the 3 species of Thelazia (i.e. T. gulosa, T. rhodesi and T. skrjabini) found in Italy, then a molecular epidemiological survey has recently been carried out in field conditions throughout five seasons of fly activity and has identified the role of M. autumnalis, M. larvipara, M. osiris and M. domestica as vectors of T. gulosa and of M. autumnalis and M. larvipara of T. rhodesi. Moreover, M. osiris was described, for the first time, to act as a vector of T. gulosa and M. larvipara of T. gulosa and T. rhodesi. The mean prevalence in the fly population examined was found to be 2.86%. The molecular techniques have opened new perspectives for further research on the ecology and epidemiology not only of Thelazia in cattle but also of other autochthonous species of Thelazia which have been also recorded in Italy, such as Thelazia callipaeda, which is responsible for human and canid ocular infection and Thelazia lacrymalis, the horse eyeworm whose epidemiological molecular studies are in progress. |
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Dipartimento PR.I.M.E., Universita degli Studi di Foggia |
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Italian |
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Original Title |
Ecologia di Thelazia spp. e dei vettori in Italia |
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ISSN |
0048-2951 |
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Notes |
PMID:15305729 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2633 |
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Author |
Ribeiro, H.S.; Larangeira, N.L.; Paiva, F. |
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Title |
[Prevalence of Dictyocaulus arnfieldi (Cobbald, 1884) Railiet & Henry 1907, in Pantaneira breed horses of the region of Pocone, MT] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Arquivos do Instituto Biologico |
Abbreviated Journal |
Arq Inst Biol (Sao Paulo) |
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Volume |
46 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
107-110 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Brazil; Dictyocaulus/*isolation & purification; Ecology; Female; Horses/*parasitology; Male; Metastrongyloidea/*isolation & purification; Seasons |
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Abstract |
The authors sacrificed fifty-five horses originated from the “Pantanal”, lowlands in the State of Mato Grosso in two different periods, droughty period and flooded and they described for the first time the Dictyocaulus arnfieldi in Mato Grosso. Relationship between droughty and flooded periods proved not to occur. |
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Portuguese |
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Original Title |
Prevalencia de Dictyocaulus arnfieldi (Cobbald, 1884) Railiet & Henry 1907, em cavalos de raca pantaneira da regiao de Pocone, MT |
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0020-3653 |
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Notes |
PMID:554599 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2693 |
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Author |
Stahlbaum, C.C.; Houpt, K.A. |
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Title |
The role of the Flehmen response in the behavioral repertoire of the stallion |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1989 |
Publication |
Physiology & behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol. Behav. |
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Volume |
45 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1207-1214 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Circadian Rhythm; Discrimination (Psychology)/physiology; Estrus; Feces; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Smell/*physiology; Taste/physiology; Urine |
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Abstract |
The role of the Flehmen response in equine behavior was investigated under field and laboratory conditions. In Experiment 1, a field study made of five stallions on pasture with between three and eighteen mares each during the season indicated the following: 1) The Flehmen response was most frequently preceded by nasal, rather than oral, investigation of substances; 2) The stallions' rate of Flehmen varied with the estrous cycles of the mares; 3) The rate of Flehmen response did not show a variation with time of day; and 4) The Flehmen response was most frequently followed by marking behaviors rather than courtship behaviors. The results suggest that the Flehmen response is not an immediate component of sexual behavior, e.g., courtship of the stallion but may be involved in the overall monitoring of the mare's estrous cycle. Therefore the Flehmen response may contribute to the chemosensory priming of the stallion for reproduction. In Experiment 2 stallions were presented with urine or feces of mares in various stages of the reproductive cycle as well as with their own or other males' urine or feces. The occurrence of sniffing and Flehmen was used to determine the discriminatory ability of the stallions. Stallions can differentiate the sex of a horse on the basis of its feces alone, but cannot differentiate on the basis of urine. This ability may explain the function of fecal marking behavior of stallions. |
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New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853 |
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0031-9384 |
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Notes |
PMID:2813545 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
44 |
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Author |
Houpt, K.A.; Thornton, S.N.; Allen, W.R. |
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Title |
Vasopressin in dehydrated and rehydrated ponies |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1989 |
Publication |
Physiology & behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol. Behav. |
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Volume |
45 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
659-661 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Dehydration/*blood; Drinking Behavior/*physiology; Female; Horses/*blood; Osmolar Concentration; Reaction Time; Time Factors; Vasopressins/*blood |
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Abstract |
Six pony mares deprived of water for 24 hours showed significant increases in plasma vasopressin (2.8 pg/ml) and osmolality (9 mosmol/kg). When water was made available the ponies drank rapidly (5 of 6 drank to satiety within 90 seconds) and corrected their fluid deficits precisely. Vasopressin did not return to predehydration levels until osmolality did after 15 minutes of access to water. The horse differs from rodents and humans, but is similar to pigs in that vasopressin levels do not fall before osmolality returns to normal. Oropharyngeal factors, therefore, may not be as important in vasopressin release in horses as in other species. |
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Address |
New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853-6401 |
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0031-9384 |
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Notes |
PMID:2756059 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
45 |
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Author |
VanDierendonck, M.C.; de Vries, H.; Schilder, M.B.H. |
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Title |
An Analysis of Dominance, Its Behavioural Parameters and Possible Determinants in a Herd of Icelandic orses in Captivity |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Netherlands Journal of Zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Netherl. J. Zool. |
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Volume |
45 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
362-385 |
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Keywords |
Dominance; rank order; horses; Icelandic horses. |
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Abstract |
Th e applicability of the concept of dominance was investigated in a captive herd of  Icelandic
horses and  ponies of diff erent breeds. Eight out of  behaviours possibly related
to dominance occurred frequently enough to be investigated in detail. For these eight agonistic
behaviours the coverage, the unidirectionality in the exchange, and the degree of
transitivity (Landau`s linearity index) were calculated. Four off ensive behaviours, together
with avoidance, were suitable for further analysis with regard to dominance. Th e patterns
of asymmetries with which these behaviours were exchanged were suffi ciently similar as to
justify the application of the dominance concept and to construct a (nearly) linear dominance
hierarchy. Th e rank order of the castrated stallions was completely linear, the hierarchy
of the mares was almost completely linear. Th e results suggest that off ensive and defensive
aggressive behaviours should be treated separately and that the concept of dominance
is applicable. However, ritualized formal dominance signals between adult horses appear to
be (almost) absent. Th e rank positions of the individuals were correlated with age and residency
in the herd but not with height. Middle ranking horses tended to be more frequently
in the close vicinity of another horse than high ranking or low ranking horses. Over and
above this correlation at the individual level, it was found that pairs of horses close in rank
to each other were more often also spatially close to each other. Being in oestrus did not infl
uence the dominance relationships between mares. For castrated stallions the rank positions
were correlated with the age at which they were castrated. Th is suggests that in male
horses experience prior to neutering infl uences the behaviour afterwards. |
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English |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
440 |
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Author |
Keiper, R.; Houpt, K. |
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Title |
Reproduction in feral horses: an eight-year study |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1984 |
Publication |
American journal of veterinary research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Vet Res |
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Volume |
45 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
991-995 |
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Keywords |
Abortion, Veterinary/epidemiology; Anestrus; Animal Population Groups/*physiology; Animals; Animals, Wild/*physiology; Birth Rate; Female; Fertility; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses/*physiology; Lactation; Male; Maryland; Pregnancy; *Reproduction; Seasons; Sex Ratio; Virginia |
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Abstract |
The reproductive rate and foal survival of the free-ranging ponies on Assateague Island National Seashore were studied for 8 years, 1975 to 1982. Most (52%) of the 86 foals were born in May, 13% were born in April, 22.6% in June, 10.4% in July, and less than 1% in August and September. The mean foaling rate was 57.1 +/- 3.9% and the survival rate was 88.3 +/- 3.6%. Forty-eight colts and 55 fillies were born (sex ratio 53% female). Mares less than 3 years old did not foal and the foaling rate of 3-year-old mares was only 23%, that of 4-year-old mares was 46%, that of 5-year-old mares was 53%, and 6-year-old mares was 69%. The relatively poor reproduction rate was believed to be a consequence of the stress of lactating while carrying a foal when forage quality on the island was low. The hypothesis was supported by the higher reproductive rate (74.4 +/- 2.4%) of the ponies in the Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge on the southern part of the island. Their foals are weaned and sold in July each year. Despite the low reproductive rate on Assateague Island National Seashore , the number of ponies increased from 43 to 80, a 90% increase in the 8-year period or greater than 10%/yr. There were 24 deaths and 8 dispersals from the study area. |
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English |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0002-9645 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:6732036 |
Approved |
no |
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| |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
665 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
