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Author COUGOUILLE-GAUFFRETEAU B et al, openurl 
  Title Research on the consequences of the injection of male hormones... Type Journal Article
  Year 1981 Publication Abbreviated Journal Comptes red Seanc Acad Sci  
  Volume (down) 292 Issue Pages 1073-1076  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 993  
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Author Hoyt Df, T.C. openurl 
  Title Gait and the energetics of locomotion in horses Type Journal Article
  Year 1981 Publication Abbreviated Journal Nature  
  Volume (down) 292 Issue Pages 239-240  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1205  
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Author Cioni, P.; Strambini, G.B. url  openurl
  Title Pressure/temperature effects on protein flexibilty from acrylamide quenching of protein phosphorescence Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Journal of Molecular Biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (down) 291 Issue 4 Pages 955-964  
  Keywords phosphorescence; tryptophan; acrylamide; quenching; protein dynamics  
  Abstract Pressure is an effective modulator of protein structure and biological function. The influence of hydrostatic pressure ([less-than-or-equals, slant]3 kbar, 10-50[degree sign]C) on conformational dynamics was assessed from the rate of migration of acrylamide through the protein interior. Migration rates in apoazurin, alcohol dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase were obtained from the phosphorescence quenching rate constant (kq) of the deeply buried Trp residues. The dominant effect of applied pressure is to slow the diffusion process, although at low temperature, high pressure may also accelerate it. For apoazurin, alcohol dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase the activation free volumes, ΔVobs++, derived from the pressure-dependence of kq, ranges from +10, +16 and +20 ml mol-1 at 50[degree sign]C to -20, +5 and 0 ml mol-1 at 10[degree sign]C, respectively. Analysing ΔVobs++ in terms of a positive contribution from cavity expansion and a negative one from peptide hydration, the results emphasise that whereas at warm temperature the formation of cavities plays a dominant role in the migration process, at low temperature the required flexibility may be conferred by internal protein hydration. The relatively small magnitude of both ΔVobs++ and the activation enthalpy (ΔH++=10-20 kcal mol-1) indicates that acrylamide diffusion jumps inside these proteins appear to involve relatively small amplitude structural fluctuations not requiring major unfolding-like transitions. The implication of these findings for the thermodynamic stability of proteins under pressure is discussed.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3975  
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Author de Waal, F.B. openurl 
  Title Primates--A natural heritage of conflict resolution Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume (down) 289 Issue 5479 Pages 586-590  
  Keywords Aggression/*psychology; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Conflict (Psychology); Female; Humans; Male; *Primates; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance  
  Abstract The traditional notion of aggression as an antisocial instinct is being replaced by a framework that considers it a tool of competition and negotiation. When survival depends on mutual assistance, the expression of aggression is constrained by the need to maintain beneficial relationships. Moreover, evolution has produced ways of countering its disruptive consequences. For example, chimpanzees kiss and embrace after fights, and other nonhuman primates engage in similar “reconciliations.” Theoretical developments in this field carry implications for human aggression research. From families to high schools, aggressive conflict is subject to the same constraints known of cooperative animal societies. It is only when social relationships are valued that one can expect the full complement of natural checks and balances.  
  Address Living Links, Center for the Advanced Study of Human and Ape Evolution, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, and Psychology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. dewaal@emory.edu  
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  ISSN 0036-8075 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:10915614 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 187  
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Author Janik, V.M. openurl 
  Title Whistle matching in wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume (down) 289 Issue 5483 Pages 1355-1357  
  Keywords Animals; Animals, Wild/physiology; Dolphins/*physiology; *Imitative Behavior; *Learning; *Social Behavior; *Vocalization, Animal  
  Abstract Dolphin communication is suspected to be complex, on the basis of their call repertoires, cognitive abilities, and ability to modify signals through vocal learning. Because of the difficulties involved in observing and recording individual cetaceans, very little is known about how they use their calls. This report shows that wild, unrestrained bottlenose dolphins use their learned whistles in matching interactions, in which an individual responds to a whistle of a conspecific by emitting the same whistle type. Vocal matching occurred over distances of up to 580 meters and is indicative of animals addressing each other individually.  
  Address School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, Bute Building, Fife KY16 9TS, UK  
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  ISSN 0036-8075 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:10958783 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 550  
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Author Eisenmann V, openurl 
  Title Paléontologie – Caractères évolutifs du genre Equus. Type Journal Article
  Year 1979 Publication Abbreviated Journal C R Acad Sc Paris  
  Volume (down) 288 Issue Pages 497-500  
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1051  
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Author Whiten, A.; Boesch, C. openurl 
  Title The cultures of chimpanzees Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Scientific American Abbreviated Journal Sci Am  
  Volume (down) 284 Issue 1 Pages 60-67  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Culture; Feeding Behavior; Grooming; Hominidae; Humans; Pan troglodytes/*physiology  
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  Address University of St. Andrews  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0036-8733 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:11132425 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 740  
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Author Pennisi, E. openurl 
  Title Are out primate cousins 'conscious'? Type
  Year 1999 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume (down) 284 Issue 5423 Pages 2073-2076  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cebus; *Consciousness; Empathy; Humans; Instinct; Intelligence; Learning; *Mental Processes; Pan troglodytes; *Primates  
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  ISSN 0036-8075 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:10409060 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2843  
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Author Marneweck, C.; Jürgens, A.; Shrader, A.M. url  doi
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  Title Dung odours signal sex, age, territorial and oestrous state in white rhinos Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proc Biol Sci Abbreviated Journal Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B  
  Volume (down) 284 Issue 1846 Pages  
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  Abstract Mammals commonly communicate olfactorily via urine. However, the extent to which they communicate via dung, another waste product, is unknown. Behavioural studies suggest that mammals can obtain information from dung odours but are unclear about the information transmitted. Moreover, an understanding of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from dung is limited. To address this, we analysed the odours emitted from the dung of free-ranging white rhinos, and found that 2,3-dimethylundecane signalled an individual's sex, heptanal discriminated age class, nonane defined male territorial status and 2,6-dimethylundecane indicated female oestrous state. To validate these findings, we artificially reproduced key elements of the territorial and oestrous odour profiles (i.e. profiles likely to elicit behavioural responses from receivers). We then exposed free-ranging territorial males to these odours. In response, males elicited behaviours associated with the specific odours (e.g. territorial male (potential threat): reduced latency in assuming vigilance; oestrous female (potential mate): increased investigation). These results indicate that the VOCs identified from the dung of free-ranging individuals do transmit key information. Moreover, as white rhinos of all ages and sexes defecate communally, middens probably act as information centres. Furthermore, as many other mammals defecate communally, olfactory communication via dung odours is likely a widespread phenomenon.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6147  
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Author MacFadden, B.J.; Solounias, N.; Cerling, T.E. openurl 
  Title Ancient diets, ecology, and extinction of 5-million-year-Old horses from florida Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume (down) 283 Issue 5403 Pages 824-827  
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  Abstract Six sympatric species of 5-million-year-old (late Hemphillian) horses from Florida existed during a time of major global change and extinction in terrestrial ecosystems. Traditionally, these horses were interpreted to have fed on abrasive grasses because of their high-crowned teeth. However, carbon isotopic and tooth microwear data indicate that these horses were not all C4 grazers but also included mixed feeders and C3 browsers. The late Hemphillian Florida sister species of the modern genus Equus was principally a browser, unlike the grazing diet of modern equids. Late Hemphillian horse extinctions in Florida involved two grazing and one browsing species.  
  Address Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. Department of Anatomy, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA. Department of Geology  
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  ISSN 1095-9203 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:9933161 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2652  
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