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	Author	Waran, N.K.
	Title	Can studies of feral horse behaviour be used for assessing domestic horse welfare?			Type
	Year	1997	Publication	Equine Veterinary Journal	Abbreviated Journal	Equine Vet J
	Volume	29	Issue	4	Pages	249-251
	Keywords	Animal Husbandry/methods; Animal Welfare; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Behavior, Animal; Horses/*psychology; Social Behavior
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0425-1644	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:15338901			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	1936
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	Author	Zeeb, K.
	Title	[Possibilities for the all-year free-range raising of horses]			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift	Abbreviated Journal	Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr
	Volume	101	Issue	3	Pages	122-123
	Keywords	Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animal Welfare; Animals; Germany; Horses/physiology; Housing, Animal; Seasons; Weather
	Abstract	The ethological concept concerning supply of needs an avoidance of damage is mentioned as a possibility for the evaluation of welfare aspects related to animal management. The 250 Dulmen horses kept on 300 ha by the Duke of Croy show what must be provided for horse-keeping in a semi-natural environment: Sufficient food and water, efficient shelter as well as adequate structures for the needs of horses concerning social and comfort behaviour. A catalogue of factors, functions and facilities for this kind of horse-keeping is presented.
	Address	Tierhygienischen Institut, Freiburg, Breisgau
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	German	Summary Language		Original Title	Moglichkeiten der ganzjahrigen Freilandhaltung von Pferden
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0341-6593	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:8205954			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	1941
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	Author	Barton, M.D.; Hughes, K.L.
	Title	Ecology of Rhodococcus equi			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1984	Publication	Veterinary Microbiology	Abbreviated Journal	Vet Microbiol
	Volume	9	Issue	1	Pages	65-76
	Keywords	Actinomycetales/growth & development/immunology/isolation & purification; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Antigens, Bacterial/immunology; Artiodactyla/microbiology; Australia; Digestive System/microbiology; Ecology; Feces/microbiology; Horses/microbiology; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Rabbits/microbiology; *Soil Microbiology
	Abstract	A selective broth enrichment technique was used to study the distribution of Rhodococcus equi in soil and grazing animals. Rhodococcus equi was isolated from 54% of soils examined and from the gut contents, rectal faeces and dung of all grazing herbivorous species examined. Rhodococcus equi was not isolated from the faeces or dung of penned animals which did not have access to grazing. The isolation rate from dung was much higher than from other samples and this was found to be due to the ability of R. equi to multiply more readily in dung. Delayed hypersensitivity tests were carried out on horses, sheep and cattle, but only horses reacted significantly. The physiological characteristics of R. equi and the nature of its distribution in the environment suggested that R. equi is a soil organism.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0378-1135	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:6719819			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2688
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	Author	Swanson, J.C.
	Title	Farm animal well-being and intensive production systems			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1995	Publication	Journal of Animal Science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim Sci.
	Volume	73	Issue	9	Pages	2744-2751
	Keywords	Animal Husbandry/legislation & jurisprudence/standards; Animal Rights/legislation & jurisprudence/standards; Animal Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence/standards; Animals; Animals, Domestic/growth & development/physiology; Breeding/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards; Cattle; Chickens; Environment; Reproduction/physiology; Sheep; Swine
	Abstract	Animal welfare, or well-being, is a social issue with ethical, scientific, political, and aesthetic properties. Answering questions about the welfare of animals requires scientific definition, assessment, solutions, and public acceptance. With respect to the actual well-being of the animal, most issues are centered on how the animal “feels” when managed within a specific level of confinement, during special agricultural practices (e.g., tail docking, beak trimming, etc.) and handling. Questions of this nature may require exploration of animal cognition, motivation, perception, and emotional states in addition to more commonly recognized indicators of well-being. Several general approaches have emerged for solving problems concerning animal well-being in intensive production systems: environmental, genetic, and therapeutic. Environmental approaches involve modifying existing systems to accommodate specific welfare concerns or development of alternative systems. Genetic approaches involve changing the behavioral and (or) physiological nature of the animal to reduce or eliminate behaviors that are undesirable within intensive system. Therapeutic approaches of a physical (tail docking, beak trimming) and physiological (drug and nutritional therapy) nature bring both concern and promise with regard to the reduction of confinement stress. Finally, the recent focus on commodity quality assurance programs may indirectly provide benefits for animal well-being. Although research in the area of animal well-being will provide important information for better animal management, handling, care, and the physical design of intensive production systems there is still some uncertainty regarding public acceptance. The aesthetics of modern intensive production systems may have as much to do with public acceptance as with science.
	Address	Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-8812	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:8582867			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2752
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	Author	Odberg, F.O.; Bouissou, M.F.
	Title	The development of equestrianism from the baroque period to the present day and its consequences for the welfare of horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement	Abbreviated Journal	Equine Vet J Suppl
	Volume		Issue	28	Pages	26-30
	Keywords	Animal Husbandry/history/standards; Animal Welfare/history; Animals; Bonding, Human-Pet; History, 15th Century; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; *Horses; Humans; Stress/etiology/history/veterinary
	Abstract	Many saddle horses are slaughtered at a young age which could be indicative of a welfare problem. Bad riding is probably an underestimated source of poor welfare. Widespread knowledge of 'academic' riding should be encouraged and should be beneficial to all horses, at all schooling levels, for all purposes. In particular, 18th century principles tend to be forgotten and in this article the authors illustrate some differences to modern dressage. Various suggestions are made in order to improve welfare.
	Address	University of Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Heidestraat 19, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:11314231			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3729
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	Author	Clayton, H.M.
	Title	The extended canter: a comparison of some kinematic variables in horses trained for dressage and for racing			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1993	Publication	Acta Anatomica	Abbreviated Journal	Acta Anat (Basel)
	Volume	146	Issue	2-3	Pages	183-187
	Keywords	Animal Husbandry; Animals; Gait; Horses/physiology; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Sports
	Abstract	This study was designed to test the hypothesis that there is no significant difference in selected temporal and linear stride variables of the extended canter in horses bred and trained for dressage or racing. Nine advanced-level dressage horses and 7 Thoroughbred racehorses were filmed at a frame rate of 200 Hz at an extended canter on a sand track. Two strides were recorded per trial, and each horse performed 6 or 7 trials. Temporal and linear data were determined from the films, and descriptive statistics (mean, SD) were calculated. Strides were selected for analysis on the basis of having a velocity in the range of 6.0-7.0 m/s, and multivariate analysis of variance was used to detect significant differences in the stride kinematics of horses trained for the two sports (p < or = 0.01). The average velocity of the dressage horses was 6.37 m/s, compared with 6.40 m/s for the racehorses. There were no significant differences between the two groups in velocity, stride duration, stride length or the distances between limb placements. The stance durations of all four limbs and the overlaps between them were longer, whereas the duration of the suspension phase was shorter in the dressage horses than in the racehorses (p < or = 0.01). The time between impacts of the diagonal limb pair was close to zero in both groups, with individual horses showing some variability in the order of placement of the diagonal limb pair. However, the sequence of footfalls was not significantly different between the two groups (p < or = 0.01).
	Address	Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0001-5180	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:8470464			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3751
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	Author	Grandin, T.
	Title	Safe handling of large animals			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Occupational Medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.)	Abbreviated Journal	Occup Med
	Volume	14	Issue	2	Pages	195-212
	Keywords	Accidents, Occupational/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data; Aggression/physiology/psychology; Animal Husbandry/methods; Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cattle; Conditioning, Operant/physiology; Crowding/psychology; Fear/physiology/psychology; Female; Horses/physiology/psychology; Humans; Male; Movement/physiology; Occupational Health; Risk Factors; Ruminants/physiology/psychology
	Abstract	The major causes of accidents with cattle, horses, and other grazing animals are: panic due to fear, male dominance aggression, or the maternal aggression of a mother protecting her newborn. Danger is inherent when handling large animals. Understanding their behavior patterns improves safety, but working with animals will never be completely safe. Calm, quiet handling and non-slip flooring are beneficial. Rough handling and excessive use of electric prods increase chances of injury to both people and animals, because fearful animals may jump, kick, or rear. Training animals to voluntarily cooperate with veterinary procedures reduces stress and improves safety. Grazing animals have a herd instinct, and a lone, isolated animal can become agitated. Providing a companion animal helps keep an animal calm.
	Address	Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80526, USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0885-114X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:10329901			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3793
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	Author	Bell, R.J.W.; Kingston, J.K.; Mogg, T.D.; Perkins, N.R.
	Title	The prevalence of gastric ulceration in racehorses in New Zealand			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	New Zealand Veterinary Journal	Abbreviated Journal	N Z Vet J
	Volume	55	Issue	1	Pages	13-18
	Keywords	Age Factors; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry/methods; Animals; Female; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/pathology/prevention & control; Horses; Male; New Zealand/epidemiology; Physical Conditioning, Animal/adverse effects/physiology; Poaceae; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Stomach Ulcer/epidemiology/pathology/prevention & control/veterinary; Time Factors
	Abstract	AIM: To establish the prevalence and factors influencing the prevalence and severity of gastric ulceration in racehorses in New Zealand. METHODS: Horses (n=171) in active training for racing by trainers (n=24) located throughout New Zealand were examined using gastroscopy during 2003 and 2004. Images of the examination were recorded and reviewed, and an ordinal grade based on the severity of gastric ulceration present was assigned, using the grading system proposed by the Equine Gastric Ulcer Council (EGUC). Information about the horses such as age, breed, sex, stabling, time at pasture, pasture quality, and presence of clinical signs consistent with equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) was recorded. RESULTS: Of the 171 horses in the study, 133 (78%) were Thoroughbreds and 38 (22%) were Standardbreds. Evidence of gastric ulceration was present in 151 (88.3%) of these. Prevalence of ulceration was higher at the lesser curvature (LC) and greater curvature (GC) of the stomach than at the saccus caecus (SC; p<0.01), and ulceration was more severe at the LC than at either the GC (p=0.02) or the SC (p<0.001). The prevalence of ulceration did not differ between the two breeds (p=0.51) or between horses of differing ages (p=0.56). Gastric ulceration was evident in 125/141 (89%) horses kept at pasture for at least 4 h/day, in all 13 (100%) horses kept at pasture full time, and in 16/17 (94%) horses stabled full time. Prevalence and severity of ulceration did not differ between horses stabled full time, kept at pasture for part of the day or kept at pasture full time (p=0.33 and 0.13, respectively), and for horses grazed on pasture severity of ulceration did not vary significantly with the quality of the pasture (p=0.12). Neither prevalence (p=0.26) nor severity (p=0.49) of gastric ulceration varied significantly with duration of training. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of gastric ulceration in racehorses in New Zealand is similar to that reported elsewhere for horses in active training for racing. Access to pasture for some or all of the day did not appear to be protective.
	Address	Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand. robinjw@gmail.com
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0048-0169	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:17339911			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4020
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	Author	Madigan, J.E.; Whittemore, J.
	Title	The role of the equine practitioner in disasters			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association	Abbreviated Journal	J Am Vet Med Assoc
	Volume	216	Issue	8	Pages	1238-1239
	Keywords	Animal Husbandry/education; Animal Welfare; Animals; Disaster Planning; Horses; Natural Disasters; United States; *Veterinary Medicine
	Abstract
	Address	Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis 95616, USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-1488	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:10767959			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4055
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Robinson, I.H.
	Title	The human-horse relationship: how much do we know?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement	Abbreviated Journal	Equine Vet J Suppl
	Volume		Issue	28	Pages	42-45
	Keywords	Animal Husbandry/economics; Animals; Bonding, Human-Pet; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Hobbies; *Horses; Humans; Power (Psychology); Sports
	Abstract	Human relationships or interactions with horses have varied throughout history depending on human needs, but it is horses' ability to carry a human individual that has had perhaps the greatest impact on their relationship with man. Despite our long association with the horse, there have been few studies on human-horse relationships. There is little historical evidence on individual relationships with horses but indications of strong human-horse relationships have been noted in mounted societies, such as North American Plains Indians. Riding a horse has traditionally been associated with power, and was reserved for the ruling elite in many areas. Demographic data suggest that human relationships with horses may have changed in recent times. Although the lack of land and the relatively high cost of horse care may reduce the possibility of ownership for many people, the availability of riding establishments and increases in leisure time mean that riding is no longer restricted to the upper classes. There is a wide range in type and intensity of potential interactions with horses, indicating that human-horse relationships are likely to vary considerably. Some people appear to sacrifice a great deal in order to own a horse. However, the motivation behind these activities and the process by which an individual assesses personal costs of ownership versus their perceived benefits remains to be studied. Future research should focus on characterising the human-horse relationship, and the degree of individual and cultural variation. A greater understanding of horse owner perceptions of 'costs' versus 'benefits' may also increase our understanding of the relationship and the economic importance of horses in society.
	Address	WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Freeby Lane, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Leics LE14 4RT, UK
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:11314234			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4361
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