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Author Lea, S.E.G. url  openurl
  Title Anticipation and Memory as Criteria for Special Welfare Consideration Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Animal Welfare Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 10 Issue Pages 195-208  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3493  
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Author Taylor, J.G. url  openurl
  Title What do Neuronal Network Models of the Mind Indicate about Animal Consciousness? Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Animal Welfare Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 10 Issue Pages 63-75  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3490  
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Author Skandakumar, S.; Stodulski, G.; Hau, J. url  openurl
  Title Salivary IgA: a Possible Stress Marker In Dogs Type Abstract
  Year 1995 Publication Animal Welfare Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 4 Issue 4 Pages 339-350  
  Keywords Animal Welfare; Behaviour; Cortisol; Dog; Salivary Iga (S-Iga); Stress; Well-Being  
  Abstract Stress in humans has been reported to be associated with a decrease in the salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) levels enabling the possible use of s-IgA to assess stress. Prolonged stress, if reliably assessed in a non-invasive manner, may be used to assess animal welfare. This study analysed groups of dogs undergoing physical and temperamental training and s-IgA levels were measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis in prospective samples. Behavioural assessment was carried out and cortisol levels in saliva were measured by ELISA. A significant negative correlation (P < 0.007) between the logarithmic cortisol concentrations and s-IgA levels in saliva was recorded. The behavioural assessment of the dogs agreed well with the biochemical markers. It is concluded that IgA levels in saliva may be a useful marker of dog well-being and that stress results in decreased s-IgA levels.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5964  
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Author Gajdon G.K.,; Fijn N.,; Huber L., url  openurl
  Title Testing social learning in a wild mountain parrot, the kea (Nestor notabilis) Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Learning & Behavior Abbreviated Journal Learn. Behav.  
  Volume 32 Issue Pages 62-71  
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  Abstract Huber, Taborsky, and Rechberger (2001) reported an experiment in which the efficiency with which captive keas opened a complex food container was increased by observation of a skilled conspecific. However, only testing social learning in free-ranging animals can demonstrate social learning in natural conditions. For that purpose, a tube-lifting paradigm was developed and tested on keas both in captivity and in Mount Cook National Park, New Zealand. The task was to remove a tube from an upright pole in order to gain access to a reward inside the tube. The top of the pole was higher than a standing kea, so that, to remove the tube, an individual had to simultaneously climb onto the pole and manipulate the tube up the pole with its bill. Because only 1 naive bird managed to remove a tube twice in 25 halfhour sessions and disappeared after success, another bird was trained to solve the task and to provide demonstrations for others. Even under such conditions, only 2 of at least 15 birds learned to remove the tube in 28 sessions. There was no indication that observer birds' use of bill and feet when exploring the tube changed as the number of observations of tube removal increased in a way that would, in principle, increase the likelihood of tube removal. The results suggest a dissociation of social learning potential as assessed in laboratory animals, and social transmission of foraging techniques in natural populations.  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 830  
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Author Galef Jr B.G., url  openurl
  Title Approaches to the study of traditional behaviors of free-living animals Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Learning & Behavior Abbreviated Journal Learn. Behav.  
  Volume 32 Issue Pages 53-61  
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  Abstract I review literature on four different approaches to the study of traditions in animals: observation of free-living animals, laboratory experiment, armchair analysis, and field experiment. Because, by definition, a tradition entails social learning of some kind, it is difficult, perhaps impossible, to establish that a behavior is in fact traditional without knowledge of how it develops. Observations of free-living animals often provide strong circumstantial evidence of a tradition. However, even in the view of several researchers who have studied possibly traditional behaviors in natural populations, observation alone has not proven sufficient to show that social learning contributes to development of behaviors of interest. The relevance of laboratory experiments to the understanding of the development of behaviors in free-living animals is always open to challenge. Armchair analyses of field data can produce interesting hypotheses but cannot test them. Field experiments to determine how behaviors of interest develop in population members provide a promising way forward.  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 829  
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Author Beauchamp, G. url  doi
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  Title Individual Differences In Activity And Exploration Influence Leadership In Pairs Of Foraging Zebra Finches Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Behaviour  
  Volume 137 Issue Pages 301-314  
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  Abstract This study investigated the role of dominance and level of activity and exploration on leadership in zebra finches (Taenopygia guttata) searching for food. In pairs of zebra finches fairly matched in size and that experienced the same level of food deprivation, the same bird consistently reached first one foraging patch over several trials. The same pattern of arrival to food occurred when resources were provided in two distant patches available concurrently, a situation that would potentially allow subordinates a greater access to resources. In further testing, the formation of new pairs with the same birds led to several changes in leadership, indicating that leadership is not an absolute feature. The member of a pair that proved to be the most active and exploratory during independent, solitary trials became the leader in nearly all pairs tested. The same pattern held true in newly rearranged pairs where individuals often experienced changes in dominance status. Dominance failed to be associated with leadership in all tests. The results suggest that in a relatively egalitarian species, level of activity and exploration may be a stronger predictor of leadership than dominance.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4698  
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Author Sharp, T.; Saunders, G. url  openurl
  Title mustering of feral horses Type Manuscript
  Year Publication Ecology Abbreviated Journal  
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  Abstract Background

Feral horses (Equus caballus) can cause significant environmental damage and losses to

rural industries. Although considered pests, feral horses are also a resource, providing

products such as pet meat for the domestic market and meat for human consumption

for the export market. Control methods include trapping, mustering exclusion fencing,

ground shooting and shooting from helicopters.

Feral horses are mustered by helicopter, motorbike or on horseback, sometimes with the

assistance of coacher horses. Once mustered into yards, net traps or fenced paddocks, the

horses are usually sold to abattoirs for slaughter which can offset the costs of capture and

handling. Less commonly, they are sold as riding horses or relocated to reserves or horse

sanctuaries. Where there is no market for them or where removal may be too costly or

impractical e.g. in conservation areas or remote areas without access to transportation,

horses are sometimes destroyed by shooting in the yards.

This standard operating procedure (SOP) is a guide only; it does not replace or

override the legislation that applies in the relevant State or Territory jurisdiction.

The SOP should only be used subject to the applicable legal requirements (including

OH&S) operating in the relevant jurisdiction.		  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 517  
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Author Kruger, K.; Gaillard, C.; Stranzinger, G.; Rieder, S. url  doi
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  Title Phylogenetic analysis and species allocation of individual equids using microsatellite data Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 122 Issue s1 Pages 78-86  
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  Abstract Summary The taxonomic status of all equid species is not completely unravelled. This is of practical relevance for conservation initiatives of endangered, fragmented equid populations, such as the Asiatic wild asses (in particular Equus hemionus onager and E. hemionus kulan). In this study, a marker panel consisting of 31 microsatellite loci was used to assess species demarcation and phylogeny, as well as allocation of individuals (n = 120) to specific populations of origin (n = 11). Phylogenetic analysis revealed coalescence times comparable with those previously published from fossil records and mtDNA data. Using Bayesian approaches, it was possible to distinguish between the studied equids, although individual assignment levels varied. The observed results support the maintenance of separate captive conservation herds for E. hemionus onager and E. hemionus kulan. The first molecular genetic results for E. hemionus luteus remained contradictory, as they unexpectedly indicated a closer genetic relationship between E. hemionus luteus and E. kiang holderi compared with the other hemiones.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2334  
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Author Cox, G.; Ashford, T. url  openurl
  Title Riddle Me This: The Craft and Concept of Animal Mind Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Science Technology Human Values Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 425-438  
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  Abstract This article examines the relations between methods used in both animal work and study and concepts of animal mind. By “animal work” the authors mean humans and animals working together, and by “animal study” they mean the discipline of ethology, especially the emerging area of cognitive ethology. Within these areas the wide range of conceptions of animal mind includes varying emphases on intelligence, forms of rationality and language, cognition, consciousness, and intentionality. The authors' central concern is to elucidate the vocabulary and the concepts which seem necessary to establishing successful working relationships with sheepdogs and gundogs. Their argument moves toward an emphasis on the appreciation of particular intentional states and recognizes that they invariably deploy elements of a moral vocabulary in achieving creative teamwork performances with dogs and other animals. The article concludes by consid enng the relevance of accounts of work with animals for associated considerations of intentionality.  
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  Notes 10.1177/016224399802300404 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2957  
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Author Langbein, J.; Nurnberg, G.; Puppe, B.; Manteuffel, G. url  openurl
  Title Self-Controlled Visual Discrimination Learning of Group-Housed Dwarf Goats (Capra hircus): Behavioral Strategies and Effects of Relocation on Learning and Memory Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Journal of Comparative Psychology Abbreviated Journal J. Comp. Psychol.  
  Volume 120 Issue 1 Pages 58-66  
  Keywords dwarf goats; visual discrimination; operant learning; learning strategies; context  
  Abstract In most studies on animal learning, individual animals are tested separately in a specific learning environment and with a limited number of trials per day. An alternative approach is to test animals in a familiar environment in their social group. In this study, the authors--applying a fully automated learning device--investigated voluntary, self-controlled visual shape discrimination learning of group-housed dwarf goats (Capra hircus). The majority of the tested goats showed successful shape discrimination, which indicates the adaptive value of an effective learning strategy. However, in each group, a few individual goats developed behavioral strategies different from shape discrimination to get reward. Relocation impairs memory retrieval (probably by attention shifting) only temporarily for previously learnt shapes. The results demonstrate the usefulness of a self-controlled learning paradigm to assess learning abilities of social species in their normal social settings. This may be especially relevant for captive animals to improve their welfare.  
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  Call Number Serial 2140  
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