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Hinrichs, K.; Watson, E.D.; Kenney, R.M. |
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Title |
Granulosa cell tumor in a mare with a functional contralateral ovary |
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Year |
1990 |
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Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
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Volume |
197 |
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8 |
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1037-1038 |
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Animals; Corpus Luteum/*physiopathology; Female; Granulosa Cell Tumor/pathology/physiopathology/*veterinary; Horse Diseases/*pathology/physiopathology; Horses; Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology/*veterinary; Ovary/*pathology/physiopathology |
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Abstract |
A functional corpus luteum was found in the ovary contralateral to the ovary with a granulosa cell tumor in a 24-year-old Standardbred mare. The mare was ovariectomized because she was to be used as a jump mare for collection of semen from stallions. The blood concentration of progesterone was 2.2 ng/ml, and the luteal tissue progesterone concentration was 6.3 micrograms/mg. Atrophy of the contralateral ovary is one of the major signs used in diagnosis of granulosa cell tumor; however, our findings indicate that the ovary contralateral to a granulosa cell tumor is not invariably nonfunctional. |
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Department of Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536 |
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English |
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0003-1488 |
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PMID:2243036 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3802 |
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Author |
Potter, G.D.; Yeates, B.F. |
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Title |
Behavioral principles of training and management |
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Year |
1990 |
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The Horse, 2nd Edn |
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665-682 |
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Cited By (since 1996): 4; Export Date: 21 October 2008 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4540 |
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Author |
Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M. |
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Title |
How Monkeys See the World |
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Miscellaneous |
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1990 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4866 |
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Cords, M. |
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13th Cong. Int. Primat Soc |
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Miscellaneous |
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1990 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4925 |
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Author |
Gordon, I.J.; Lindsay, W.K. |
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Title |
Could Mammalian Herbivores “Manage” Their Resources? |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Oikos |
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Oikos |
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59 |
Issue |
2 |
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270-280 |
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The concept of resource management has gone hand in hand with group selection arguments. For this reason, it has been cast aside in the era of evolutionary theory which assumes that foraging strategies must have evolved under selection operating to maximise an individual's inclusive fitness. However, results from empirical studies show that under favourable environmental and social circumstances, resource management could be selectively advantageous. Much of the recent literature on plant-herbivore interactions suggest that herbivory can result in changes in the resource base which are assumed to increase the intake and fitness of the herbivore. As a result, a number of authors suggest that herbivores manage their resource utilisation to maximise the flow of nutrients from these resources. Long term territoriality or the exclusive use of a home range are the social systems most likely to favour selection for prudent resource exploitation. This review argues that, in many habitats, resource management strategies are not feasible, as individuals have little control over the way resources are depleted and renewed. Thus far, very little evidence is available showing that herbivorous mammals actively manage the resources which they utilise. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2297 |
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Author |
Chaudhuri, M.; Ginsberg, J.R. |
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Title |
Urinary androgen concentrations and social status in two species of free ranging zebra (Equus burchelli and E. grevyi). |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
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Journal of Reproduction and Fertility |
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J Reprod Fert |
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88 |
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127-133 |
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zebra; testosterone; androgens; territoriality; social behaviour; dominance |
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In both species of zebra, breeding males had higher urinary androgen concentrations (ng androgens/mg Cr) than did non-breeding bachelor males (30.0 +/- 5.0 (N = 9) versus 11.4 +/- 2.8, (N = 7) in the plains zebra; 19.0 +/- 2.2 (N = 17) versus 10.7 +/- 1.2 (N = 14) in the Grevy's zebra). In the more stable family structure of the plains zebra (single male non-territorial groups) variations in androgen concentrations could not be ascribed to any measured variable. In the Grevy's zebra, androgen values were significantly lower in samples taken from territorial (breeding) males which had temporarily abandoned their territories (N = 4) and the urinary androgen concentration for a male on his territory was negatively correlated with the time since females last visited the territory. |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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987 |
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Author |
Schilder, M.B. H. |
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Title |
Interventions in a herd of semi – captive Plains zebras |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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112 |
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1-2 |
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53-83 |
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n a herd of semi-captive plains zebras interventions, which occurred within the harems, were investigated in order to answer the question why zebras interfered. These interventions are of interest because they regulate the contacts between companions and because, as corrective and preventive measures, they reveal the normative principles underlying the behaviours by which animals structure their social environment. An attempt was made to deduce 1) the internal norms of the interferer; 2) his short term aims; 3) his tactis and 4) his perception of the social environment. The analysis revealed that in the case of an affiliative interaction foals, yearlings and adult mares started to interfere if a friend had an affiliative contact with another zebra. In view of the interferer's behaviours it was concluded that their aim was to break off the ongoing interaction and that zebras tended to protect friendship bonds. Foals and yearlings further interfered if their mother was being threatened, attacked or sexually approached by a stallion. In view of the interferer's behaviours its aim was to prevent iminent interactions or to break off ongoing interactions. This suggests that these interventions were of a protective nature. The interferer's behaviours in both contexts ware very much alike. Mares tended to interfere if their foal/yearling or adult daughter was threathened or aggressed or if a mare friend was being sexually approached by a stallion. This type of intervention was of a protective nature. Stallions in a multi male harem showed a high tendency to interfere in courtship interactions. From the resemblance between interventions in courtship and in aggressive interactions it is concluded that, at leat in a number of cases, the individuals have perceived courtship behaviour by the stallion as a threat towards the mare involved. |
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1565 |
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Author |
Franke Stevens, E. |
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Title |
Instability of harems of feral horses in relation to season and presence of subordinate stallions |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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112 |
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3-4 |
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149-161 |
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Male horses (Equus caballus) defend harems of females (bands) year-round and throughout their lifetimes. A male's lifetime reproductive success depends upon the number of females in his harem. Although harems have previously been reported as remaining stable over many years, during the two years of this study 30 % of the adult females in an island population of feral horses changed harems during late winter. The seasonal differences in harem stability resulted from seasonal differences in the abundance and distribution of food. The spacing between band members was greater and the frequency of social interactions between them was lower in winter than in summer. In addition, the amount of time devoted to grazing increased in winter. These differences are attributed to the lower availability of suitable vegetation duirng winter. Harem stability did not depend on the age of females, the size of the harem, nor the age of the harem stallion, but did depend on the presence of subordinate stallions attached to the band. All of the females that changed bands left single-male bands; multi-male bands were stable throughout the study. |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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1632 |
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Author |
Feh, C, |
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Title |
Long-term paternity data in relation to different aspects of rank for Camargue stallions, Equus caballus |
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1990 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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40 |
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5 |
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995-996 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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1081 |
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Author |
Rutberg, A. T. |
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Title |
Inter-group transfer in assateague pony mares |
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1990 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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40 |
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5 |
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945-952 |
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Between-previous termgroup transfernext term of adult female previous termponies,next term Equus caballus, was investigated for three consecutive summers on previous Assateaguenext Island, Maryland, U.S.A. Both the previous terminternext term-band movements of individual previous termmares and the marenext term turnover rates of one-male “harem” bands were examined. Long-term previous termtransfersnext term occurred at rates ranging from 0·06 to 0·18 per previous termmarenext term per month. previous termMaresnext term with foals transferred more frequently than previous termmaresnext term without foals, but neither female age, pregnancy, nearest-neighbour distances nor dominance rank affected the likelihood of transferring. Band turnover rates were uncorrelated with the average frequency of previous termmare-marenext term aggression within the band, but new previous termmaresnext term entering a band suffered a transient rise in aggression received. Thus, female aggression did not encourage, and may have discouraged, previous terminternext term-band previous termtransfers.next term Older stallions and stallions who had held bands for 2 years or more had significantly larger and more stable bands. Fewer previous termmarenext term turnovers were seen in bands whose stallions tended to face their previous termmares,next term showed a relatively high proportion of time feeding, and showed a relatively low proportion of time involved in aggression with other stallions, although at marginal levels of significance for all three variables. Thus, variability in stallion attributes, and possibly behaviour, probably plays the strongest role in determining previous termmare transfernext term patterns at previous termAssateague.next term |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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1535 |
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