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Pirault, P.; Danvy, S.; Verrier, E.; Leroy, G. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Genetic Structure and Gene Flows within Horses: A Genealogical Study at the French Population Scale |
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2013 |
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Plos One |
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Plos One |
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8 |
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4 |
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e61544 |
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Since horse breeds constitute populations submitted to variable and multiple outcrossing events, we analyzed the genetic structure and gene flows considering horses raised in France. We used genealogical data, with a reference population of 547,620 horses born in France between 2002 and 2011, grouped according to 55 breed origins. On average, individuals had 6.3 equivalent generations known. Considering different population levels, fixation index decreased from an overall species FIT of 1.37%, to an average of -0.07% when considering the 55 origins, showing that most horse breeds constitute populations without genetic structure. We illustrate the complexity of gene flows existing among horse breeds, a few populations being closed to foreign influence, most, however, being submitted to various levels of introgression. In particular, Thoroughbred and Arab breeds are largely used as introgression sources, since those two populations explain together 26% of founder origins within the overall horse population. When compared with molecular data, breeds with a small level of coancestry also showed low genetic distance; the gene pool of the breeds was probably impacted by their reproducer exchanges. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6215 |
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Stanley, C.R.; Dunbar, R.I.M. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Consistent social structure and optimal clique size revealed by social network analysis of feral goats, Capra hircus |
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2013 |
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Anim Behav |
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85 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Stanley2013 |
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6253 |
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Baciadonna, L.; McElligott, A.G.; Briefer, E.F. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Goats favour personal over social information in an experimental foraging task |
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2013 |
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Peer J |
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1 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Baciadonna2013 |
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6269 |
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Zebisch, A.; May, A.; Reese, S.; Gehlen, H. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Effect of different head-neck positions on physical and psychological stress parameters in the ridden horse |
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2013 |
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Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition |
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J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr |
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98 |
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5 |
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901-907 |
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hyperflexion; head-neck position; stress; training; animal welfare |
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Summary Different head?neck positions (HNPs) are used in equestrian sports and are regarded as desirable for training and competition by riders, judges and trainers. Even though some studies have been indicative of hyperflexion having negative effects on horses, this unnatural position is frequently used. In the present study, the influence of different HNPs on physical and psychological stress parameters in the ridden horse was investigated. Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) and blood cortisol levels were measured in 18 horses. Low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) are power components in the frequency domain measurement of HRV which show the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Values were recorded at rest, while riding with a working HNP and while riding with hyperflexion of the horse's head, neck and poll. In addition, rideability and behaviour during the different investigation stages were evaluated by the rider and by an observer. Neither the HR nor the HRV showed a significant difference between working HNP (HR = 105 ± 22/min; LF/HF = 3.89 ± 5.68; LF = 37.28 ± 10.77%) and hyperflexion (HR = 110 ± 18; LF/HF = 1.94 ± 2.21; LF = 38.39 ± 13.01%). Blood cortisol levels revealed a significant increase comparing working HNP (158 ± 60 nm) and hyperflexion (176 ± 64 nm, p = 0.01). The evaluation of rider and observer resulted in clear changes of rideability and behavioural changes for the worse in all parameters collected between a working HNP and hyperflexion. In conclusion, changes of the cortisol blood level as a physical parameter led to the assumption that hyperflexion of head, neck and poll effects a stress reaction in the horse, and observation of the behaviour illustrates adverse effects on the well-being of horses during hyperflexion. |
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Wiley/Blackwell (10.1111) |
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0931-2439 |
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doi: 10.1111/jpn.12155 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6427 |
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Briefer, E.F.; McElligott, A.G. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Rescued goats at a sanctuary display positive mood after former neglect |
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2013 |
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Appl Anim Behav Sci |
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146 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Briefer2013 |
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6287 |
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Author |
Healy, S.D.; Rowe, C. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Costs and benefits of evolving a larger brain: doubts over the evidence that large brains lead to better cognition |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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2013 |
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Anim Behav |
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86 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Healy2013 |
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6317 |
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Author |
Galef, B.G. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Imitation and local enhancement: Detrimental effects of consensus definitions on analyses of social learning in animals |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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2013 |
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Behavioural Processes |
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100 |
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123-130 |
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Imitation; Local enhancement; Emulation; Copying; Culture; Tradition |
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Development of a widely accepted vocabulary referring to various types of social learning has made important contributions to decades of progress in analyzing the role of socially acquired information in the development of behavioral repertoires. It is argued here that emergence of a consensus vocabulary, while facilitating both communication and research, has also unnecessarily restricted research on social learning. The article has two parts. In the first, I propose that Thorndike, 1898, Thorndike, 1911 definition of imitation as “learning to do an act from seeing it done” has unduly restricted studies of the behavioral processes involved in the propagation of behavior. In part 2, I consider the possibility that success in labeling social learning processes believed to be less cognitively demanding than imitation (e.g. local and stimulus enhancement, social facilitation, etc.) has been mistaken for understanding of those processes, although essentially nothing is known of their stimulus control, development, phylogeny or substrate either behavioral or physiological. |
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0376-6357 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6419 |
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Nelson, X.J.; Fijn, N. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
The use of visual media as a tool for investigating animal behaviour |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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2013 |
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Animal Behaviour |
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85 |
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3 |
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525-536 |
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citizen science; crowdsourcing; internet; online resource; opportunistic observation; 'people power'; playback study; preliminary testing; YouTube |
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In this essay we outline how video-related technology can be used as a tool for studying animal behaviour. We review particular aspects of novel, innovative animal behaviour uploaded by the general public via video-based media on the internet (using YouTube as a specific example). The behaviour of animals, particularly the play behaviour focused on here, is viewed by huge audiences. In this essay we focused on three different kinds of media clips: (1) interspecies play between dogs and a range of other species; (2) object play in horses; and (3) animal responses to stimuli presented on iPads, iPods and iPhones. We argue that the use of video is a good means of capturing uncommon or previously unknown behaviour, providing evidence that these behaviours occur. Furthermore, some of the behaviours featured on YouTube provide valuable insights for future directions in animal behaviour research. If we also take this opportunity to convey our knowledge to a public that seems to be fundamentally interested in animal behaviour, this is a good means of bridging the gap between knowledge among an academic few and the general public. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6432 |
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Strien, A.J.; Swaay, C.A.M.; Termaat, T. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Opportunistic citizen science data of animal species produce reliable estimates of distribution trends if analysed with occupancy models |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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2013 |
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Journal of Applied Ecology |
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J Appl Ecol |
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50 |
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6 |
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1450-1458 |
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Bayesian inference; citizen science; detection; distribution; hierarchical modelling; Jags; monitoring; site occupancy |
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Summary Many publications documenting large-scale trends in the distribution of species make use of opportunistic citizen data, that is, observations of species collected without standardized field protocol and without explicit sampling design. It is a challenge to achieve reliable estimates of distribution trends from them, because opportunistic citizen science data may suffer from changes in field efforts over time (observation bias), from incomplete and selective recording by observers (reporting bias) and from geographical bias. These, in addition to detection bias, may lead to spurious trends. We investigated whether occupancy models can correct for the observation, reporting and detection biases in opportunistic data. Occupancy models use detection/nondetection data and yield estimates of the percentage of occupied sites (occupancy) per year. These models take the imperfect detection of species into account. By correcting for detection bias, they may simultaneously correct for observation and reporting bias as well. We compared trends in occupancy (or distribution) of butterfly and dragonfly species derived from opportunistic data with those derived from standardized monitoring data. All data came from the same grid squares and years, in order to avoid any geographical bias in this comparison. Distribution trends in opportunistic and monitoring data were well-matched. Strong trends observed in monitoring data were rarely missed in opportunistic data. Synthesis and applications. Opportunistic data can be used for monitoring purposes if occupancy models are used for analysis. Occupancy models are able to control for the common biases encountered with opportunistic data, enabling species trends to be monitored for species groups and regions where it is not feasible to collect standardized data on a large scale. Opportunistic data may thus become an important source of information to track distribution trends in many groups of species. |
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd |
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0021-8901 |
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doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.12158 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6437 |
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Iliopoulos, Y.; Youlatos, D.; Sgardelis, S. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Wolf pack rendezvous site selection in Greece is mainly affected by anthropogenic landscape features |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
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2013 |
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Eur J Wildl Res |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Iliopoulos2013 |
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6478 |
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