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Author Healy,S.; Braithwaite, V doi  openurl
  Title Cognitive ecology: a field of substance? Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Trends in Ecology & Evolution Abbreviated Journal Trends. Ecol. Evol  
  Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 22-26  
  Keywords Cognitive ecology; Neuroethology; Cognition; Ecology; Evolution; Orientation mechanisms  
  Abstract In 1993, Les Real invented the label 'cognitive ecology'. This label was intended for work that brought cognitive science and behavioural ecology together. Real's article stressed the importance of such an approach to the understanding of behaviour. At the end of a decade in which more interdisciplinary work on behaviour has been seen than for many years, it is time to assess whether cognitive ecology is a label describing an active field.  
  Address Division of Biological Sciences, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, UK EH9 3JT  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0169-5347 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:10603501 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 837  
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Author Hemelrijk, C.K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Towards the integration of social dominance and spatial structure Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 59 Issue 5 Pages 1035-1048  
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  Abstract My aim was to show how individual-oriented (or artificial life) models may provide an integrative background for the development of theories about dominance by including effects of spatial structure. Dominance interactions are thought to serve two different, contrasting functions: acquisition of high rank and reduction of aggression. The model I present consists of a homogeneous virtual world inhabited by artificial agents whose actions are restricted to grouping and dominance interactions in which the effects of winning and losing are self-reinforcing. The two functions are implemented as strategies to initiate dominance interactions and the intensity of aggression and dominance perception (direct or memory based) are varied experimentally. Behaviour is studied by recording the same behavioural units as in real animals. Ranks appear to differentiate more clearly at high than at low intensity of aggression and also more in the case of direct than of memory-based rank perception. Strong differentiation of rank produces a cascade of unexpected effects that differ depending on which function is implemented: for instance, a decline in aggression, spatial centrality of dominants and a correlation between rank and aggression. Insight into the origination of these self-organized patterns leads to new hypotheses for the study of the social behaviour of real animals.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 863  
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Author De Vries, H.; Appleby, M.C. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Finding an appropriate order for a hierarchy: a comparison of the I&SI and the BBS methods Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.  
  Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 239-245  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 869  
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Author McLean, I.G.; Schmitt, N.T.; Jarman, P.J.; Duncan, C.; Wynne, C.D.L. doi  openurl
  Title Learning For Life: Training Marsupials To Recognise Introduced Predators Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Behaviour  
  Volume 137 Issue 10 Pages 1361-1376  
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  Abstract Raising endangered species in captivity for reintroduction necessarily results in animals that lack appropriate skills for coping with problems to be faced in the wild, such as predators. Using classical conditioning techniques involving linking fear of a live dog with the image of a fox, we demonstrate an adjusted fear response for two wallaby species (rufous bettongs Aepyprymnus rufescens, quokkas Setonix brachyurus). No differences in response to the fox were found for wild-caught and captive-born bettongs, even though wild-caught subjects were likely to have encountered canids prior to capture. Attempts to condition a fear response by quokkas to an odour were unsuccessful. An attempt to induce fear of the stuffed fox by linking to fear of humans in quokkas was unsuccessful, but quokkas generalised from fear of the dog to fear of the fox, despite a delay of several weeks. Trained dogs offer a valuable and ethically acceptable mechanism for improving the ability of captive-reared (or sequestered) animals to recognise and cope with predators.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2282  
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Author McCutcheon, L.J.; Geor, R.J. openurl 
  Title Influence of training on sweating responses during submaximal exercise in horses Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) Abbreviated Journal J Appl Physiol  
  Volume 89 Issue 6 Pages 2463-2471  
  Keywords Animals; Body Fluids/metabolism; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Environment; Female; Horses/*physiology; Ions; Male; Motor Activity/*physiology; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Conditioning, Animal/*physiology; Sweat/chemistry; Sweating/*physiology; Time Factors  
  Abstract Sweating responses were examined in five horses during a standardized exercise test (SET) in hot conditions (32-34 degrees C, 45-55% relative humidity) during 8 wk of exercise training (5 days/wk) in moderate conditions (19-21 degrees C, 45-55% relative humidity). SETs consisting of 7 km at 50% maximal O(2) consumption, determined 1 wk before training day (TD) 0, were completed on a treadmill set at a 6 degrees incline on TD0, 14, 28, 42, and 56. Mean maximal O(2) consumption, measured 2 days before each SET, increased 19% [TD0 to 42: 135 +/- 5 (SE) to 161 +/- 4 ml. kg(-1). min(-1)]. Peak sweating rate (SR) during exercise increased on TD14, 28, 42, and 56 compared with TD0, whereas SRs and sweat losses in recovery decreased by TD28. By TD56, end-exercise rectal and pulmonary artery temperature decreased by 0.9 +/- 0.1 and 1.2 +/- 0.1 degrees C, respectively, and mean change in body mass during the SET decreased by 23% (TD0: 10.1 +/- 0.9; TD56: 7.7 +/- 0.3 kg). Sweat Na(+) concentration during exercise decreased, whereas sweat K(+) concentration increased, and values for Cl(-) concentration in sweat were unchanged. Moderate-intensity training in cool conditions resulted in a 1.6-fold increase in sweating sensitivity evident by 4 wk and a 0.7 +/- 0.1 degrees C decrease in sweating threshold after 8 wk during exercise in hot, dry conditions. Altered sweating responses contributed to improved heat dissipation during exercise and a lower end-exercise core temperature. Despite higher SRs for a given core temperature during exercise, decreases in recovery SRs result in an overall reduction in sweat fluid losses but no change in total sweat ion losses after training.  
  Address Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1. jmccutch@uoguelph.ca  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 8750-7587 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:11090603 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 1922  
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Author Cooper, J.J.; McDonald, L.; Mills, D.S. openurl 
  Title The effect of increasing visual horizons on stereotypic weaving: implications for the social housing of stabled horses Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal Appl Anim Behav Sci  
  Volume 69 Issue 1 Pages 67-83  
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  Abstract Stabled horses commonly perform stereotypic patterns of weaving, where the horse shifts its weight from side to side often swinging its head. Ten warm-blood types, of which five were known to reliably weave, were housed in similar 12x12 ft wooden loose boxes in a single stable block surrounding a courtyard. Each horse was exposed to each of five stable designs. These were: the conventional front top-half of the door open only with a view of the stable courtyard (F); front half-door open and a similar half-door open at the back of the stable with a view to the surrounding fields (FB); back open only (B); front and one-side panel open with a view into the adjacent stable (FS); and front, back and both sides open (All4). During observation days, horses were brought in from the field at 0830 h, fed concentrate at 0930 h, fed haylage at 1005 h and turned out at 1600 h. Behaviour was recorded from 0900 to 1040 h, 1200 to 1300 h and 1500 to 1600 h. Weaving was most common prior to feeding in the morning and prior to putting out to pasture in the afternoon. There was a significant effect of stable design on weaving, with less weaving in the FS and All4 designs than the F treatment. There was also a significant effect of stable design on repetitive nodding, though in this case, FB, B, FS and All4 designs each reduced nodding compared with the F treatment. The effect of stable design can be explained in a number of ways. Firstly, it could be the novelty of the environmental change, though there was no evidence in this study of an increase in stereotypy with prolonged exposure to the new stable designs. Secondly, opening windows may increase opportunities for environmental interaction, and the expression of new activities may compete with stereotypic behaviour for the horse's time. Thirdly, the open windows may allow expression of specific activities such as environmental monitoring or social interaction that are denied by the conventional stable.  
  Address School of Agriculture, De Montfort University, Caythorpe, NG32 3EP, Lincolnshire, UK  
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  ISSN 0168-1591 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:10856785 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 1923  
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Author Miller, R.M. openurl 
  Title The revolution in horsemanship Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Abbreviated Journal J Am Vet Med Assoc  
  Volume 216 Issue 8 Pages 1232-1233  
  Keywords *Animal Welfare; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Bonding, Human-Pet; *Horses/psychology; Humans; *Physical Conditioning, Animal  
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  ISSN 0003-1488 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:10767957 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 1925  
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Author Houpt, K.; Marrow, M.; Seeliger, M. url  doi
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  Title A preliminary study of the effect of music on equine behavior Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 20 Issue 11 Pages 691-737  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 1988  
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Author Roels, S.; Tilmant, K.; Van Daele, A.; Van Marck, E.; Ducatelle, R. doi  openurl
  Title Proliferation, DNA ploidy, p53 overexpression and nuclear DNA fragmentation in six equine melanocytic tumours Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series A Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 47 Issue Pages 439-438  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 2016  
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Author Cameron, E.Z.; Linklater, W.L.; Stafford, K.J.; Minot, E.O. doi  openurl
  Title Aging and improving reproductive success in horses: declining residual reproductive value or just older and wiser? Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Abbreviated Journal Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.  
  Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 243-249  
  Keywords Maternal investment – Equidae – Equus caballus  
  Abstract In many mammalian species, female success in raising offspring improves as they age. The residual reproductive value hypothesis predicts that each individual offspring will be more valuable to the mother as she ages because there is less conflict between the current and potential future offspring. Therefore, as mothers age, their investment into individual offspring should increase. Empirical evidence for an influence of declining residual reproductive value on maternal investment is unconvincing. Older mothers may not invest more, but may be more successful due to greater experience, allowing them to target their investment more appropriately (targeted reproductive effort hypothesis). Most studies do not preclude either hypothesis. Mare age significantly influenced maternal investment in feral horses living on the North Island of New Zealand. Older mares, that were more successful at raising foals, were more protective for the first 20 days of life, but less diligent thereafter. Total maternal input by older mothers did not seem to be any greater, but was better targeted at the most critical period for foal survival and a similar pattern was observed in mares that had lost a foal in the previous year. In addition, older mothers were more likely to foal in consecutive years, supporting the hypothesis that they are investing less than younger mares in individual offspring. Therefore, older mothers seem to become more successful by targeting their investment better due to experience, not by investing more in their offspring.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2019  
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