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Mrosovsky, N.; Shettleworth, S.J. |
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Title  |
Further studies of the sea-finding mechanism in green turtle hatchlings |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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Volume |
51 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
195-208 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Newborn/physiology; Contact Lenses; Locomotion; *Orientation; Retina/physiology; *Turtles/physiology; Visual Fields; *Visual Perception; Water |
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0005-7959 |
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PMID:4447586 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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389 |
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Author |
Golynski, M.; Szczepanik, M.P.; Wilkolek, P.M.; Adamek, L.R.; Sitkowski, W.; Taszkun, I. |
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Title |
Influence of hair clipping on transepidermal water loss values in horses: a pilot study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences |
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Volume |
vol. 21 |
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No 1 |
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Keywords |
horses; transepidermal water loss; clipping |
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University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6612 |
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Author |
Mejdell, C.M.; Simensen, E.; Boe, K.E. |
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Title |
Is snow a sufficient source of water for horses kept outdoors in winter? A case report |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Acta Vet Scand |
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Volume |
46 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
19-22 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Drinking Behavior; *Horses; Norway; Osmolar Concentration; Snow; *Thirst; *Water Supply |
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Abstract |
Due to extreme weather conditions, a flock of outwintered Icelandic horses had to manage for several days on snow as the source of free water. They were fed grass silage ad lib, and any change in feed consumption was not observed. After nine days, blood samples were taken and analysed for plasma osmolality, they were subjected to a simple clinical examination, and offered drinking water. Osmolality levels were within normal limits and mean value did not differ significantly from samples which previously were taken of the same individuals. The general condition of the horses was normal, with no signs of clinical dehydration or disease. The horses showed very little interest for the offered drinking water. This suggests that in cold winter weather, horses being fed grass silage and adjusted to eat snow, can manage for several days with snow substituting liquid water without their physiology and welfare being challenged. |
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National Centre for Veterinary Contract Research and Commercial Services, Ltd |
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0044-605X |
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PMID:16108209 |
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Serial |
1886 |
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Author |
Birch, H.L.; Bailey, A.J.; Goodship, A.E. |
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Title |
Macroscopic 'degeneration' of equine superficial digital flexor tendon is accompanied by a change in extracellular matrix composition |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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Volume |
30 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
534-539 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Collagen/analysis; DNA/analysis; Extracellular Matrix/*chemistry; Glycosaminoglycans/analysis; Horses/injuries/*physiology; Immunohistochemistry; Rupture/veterinary; Tendon Injuries/metabolism/pathology/veterinary; Tendons/chemistry/*pathology; Water/analysis |
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Abstract |
Injuries to the superficial digital flexor tendon are common in horses required to gallop and jump at speed. Partial rupture of this tendon usually occurs in the central core of the midmetacarpal region and may be preceded by localised degenerative changes. Post mortem examination of apparently normal equine flexor tendons has revealed an abnormal macroscopic appearance in the central core, characterised by a reddish discolouration. We have previously shown that there is also physical damage to the collagen fibres. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that the abnormal appearance is accompanied by changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix of the tendon. Biochemical analysis of the extracellular matrix demonstrated an increase in total sulphated glycosaminoglycan content, increase in the proportion of type III collagen and decrease in collagen linked fluorescence in the central core of 'degenerated' tendons relative to tissue from the peripheral region of the same tendon. Dry matter content and total collagen content were not significantly different between tendon zones or normal and 'degenerated' tendons. These changes suggest a change in cell metabolism and matrix turnover in the central core of the tendon and are likely to contribute to a decrease in mechanical properties in this part of the tendon, predisposing to the characteristic partial rupture of the tendon. |
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Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, UK |
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ISSN |
0425-1644 |
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Notes |
PMID:9844973 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3794 |
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Author |
Houpt, T.R.; Houpt, K.A. |
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Title |
Nitrogen conservation by ponies fed a low -protein ration |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1971 |
Publication |
American journal of veterinary research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Vet Res |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
579-588 |
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Keywords |
Administration, Oral; Amino Acids/biosynthesis; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology; Body Weight/drug effects; Dietary Proteins/*pharmacology; Horses/*metabolism; Nitrogen/*metabolism; Urea/administration & dosage/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism; Water/metabolism |
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English |
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ISSN |
0002-9645 |
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Notes |
PMID:5110116 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
62 |
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Author |
Sufit, E.; Houpt, K.A.; Sweeting, M. |
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Title |
Physiological stimuli of thirst and drinking patterns in ponies |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Equine veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
12-16 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Blood Proteins/analysis; Drinking Behavior/drug effects/*physiology; Furosemide/pharmacology; Horses/*physiology; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Sodium Chloride/pharmacology; Thirst/drug effects/*physiology; Time Factors; Water Deprivation/physiology |
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Abstract |
The stimuli that elicit thirst were studied in four ponies. Nineteen hours of water deprivation produced an increase in plasma protein from 67 +/- 0.1 g/litre to 72 +/- 2 g/litre, a mean (+/- se) increase in plasma sodium from 139 +/- 3 to 145 +/- 2 mmol/litre and an increase in plasma osmolality from 297 +/- 1 to 306 +/- 2 mosmol/litre. Undeprived ponies drank 1.5 +/- 0.9 kg/30 mins; 19 h deprived ponies drank 10.2 +/- 2.5 kg/30 mins and corrected the deficits in plasma protein, plasma sodium and plasma osmolality as well as compensating for the water they would have drunk during the deprivation period. In order to determine if an increase in plasma osmolality would stimulate thirst, 250 ml of 15 per cent sodium chloride was infused intravenously. The ponies drank when osmolality increased 3 per cent and when plasma sodium rose from 136 +/- 3 mmol/litre to 143 +/- 3 mmol/litre. Ponies infused with 15 per cent sodium chloride drank 2.9 +/- 0.7 kg; those infused with 0.9 per cent sodium chloride drank 0.7 +/- 0.5 kg. In order to determine if a decrease in plasma volume would stimulate thirst, ponies were injected with 1 or 2 mg/kg bodyweight (bwt) frusemide. Plasma protein rose from 68 +/- 2 g/litre pre-injection to 75 +/- 2 g/litre 1 h after 1 mg/kg bwt frusemide and to 81 +/- 1 g/litre 1 h after 2 mg/kg bwt frusemide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) |
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English |
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0425-1644 |
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Notes |
PMID:3979367 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
56 |
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Author |
Holzapfel, W.H.; Botha, S.J. |
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Title |
Physiology of Sporolactobacillus strains isolated from different habitats and the indication of in vitro antagonism against Bacillus species |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
International Journal of Food Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Food Microbiol |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
161-168 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Bacillaceae/isolation & purification/*physiology; Bacillus/*physiology; Cattle; *Ecology; Feces/*microbiology; Food Microbiology; Horses; Sewage; Sheep; Water Microbiology |
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Abstract |
In an ecological study only low numbers of Sporolactobacillus were found in habitats such as the faeces of herbivores, the rumen of cattle and the final waste water of an abattoir. Their presence in the final waste water of an abattoir indicates their possible association with food, and, more specifically, with meat. Differences were found in some physiological characteristics. One isolate (L2404) differed from the authentic Sporolactobacillus ATCC 15538 by its inability to ferment inulin, its growth in presence of 6.5% NaCl and in 0.2% tellurite, by the isomer(s) of lactic acid produced and the mol% G + G in the DNA. One Sporolactobacillus isolate (L2407) showed antagonism against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus cereus var, mycoides, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis. |
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Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Republic of South Africa |
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English |
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ISSN |
0168-1605 |
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Notes |
PMID:3275317 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2675 |
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Author |
Salzen, E.A.; Cornell, J.M. |
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Title |
Self-perception and species recognition in birds |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1968 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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Volume |
30 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
44-65 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Birds; Color Perception; Discrimination Learning; Generalization, Response; Imprinting (Psychology); *Perception; *Self Concept; Social Isolation; *Species Specificity; Water |
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English |
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0005-7959 |
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Notes |
PMID:5644775 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4154 |
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Author |
Maury, M.; Murphy, K.; Kumar, S.; Mauerer, A.; Lee, G. |
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Title |
Spray-drying of proteins: effects of sorbitol and trehalose on aggregation and FT-IR amide I spectrum of an immunoglobulin G |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. |
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Volume |
59 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
251-261 |
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Keywords |
Immunoglobulin; Spray-drying; Stabilization; Sorbitol; Trehalose; Water replacement |
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Abstract |
An immunoglobulin G (IgG) was spray-dried on a Büchi 190 laboratory spray-dryer at inlet and outlet air temperatures of 130 and 190°C, respectively. The IgG solution contains initially 115mg/ml IgG plus 50mg/ml sorbitol. After dialysis, at least 80% of low molecular weight component was removed. After spray-drying the dialyzed IgG and immediate redissolution of the powder, an increase in aggregates from 1 to 17% occurred. A major shift towards increase β-sheet structure was detected in the spray-dried solid, which, however, reverted to native structure on redissolution of the powder. A correlation between aggregation determined by size exclusion chromatography and alterations in secondary structure determined by Fourier transformation infra-red spectroscopy could not therefore be established. On spray-drying a non-dialyzed, sorbitol-containing IgG only some 0.7% aggregates were formed. The sorbitol is therefore evidently able to stabilize partially the IgG during the process of spray-drying. Addition of trehalose to the liquid feed produced quantitatively the same stabilizing action on the IgG during spray-drying as did the sorbitol. This finding again points towards a water replacement stabilization mechanism. The IgG spray-dried powder prepared from the dialyzed liquid feed showed continued substantial aggregation on dry storage at 25°C. This was substantially less in the non-dialyzed, sorbitol-containing spray-dried powder. Addition of trehalose to both dialyzed and non-dialyzed system produced substantial improvement in storage stability and reduction in aggregate formation in storage. The quantitative stabilizing effect of the trehalose was only slightly higher than that of the sorbitol. Taken together, these results indicate that both the sorbitol and trehalose stabilize the IgG primarily by a water replacement mechanism rather than by glassy immobilization. The relevance of this work is its questioning of the importance of the usually considered dominance of glassy stabilization of protein in dried systems of high glass transition temperature, such as trehalose. The low glass transition temperature sorbitol produces almost equal process and storage stability in this case. |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0939-6411 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6515 |
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Author |
Alexander, F. |
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Title |
The effect of diuretics on the faecal excretion of water and electrolytes in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1977 |
Publication |
British journal of pharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Br J Pharmacol |
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Volume |
60 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
589-593 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Body Water/*metabolism; Chlorides/metabolism; Electrolytes/*metabolism; Feces/*analysis; Furosemide/*pharmacology; Horses; Hydrochlorothiazide/*pharmacology; Male; Potassium/metabolism; Sodium/metabolism; Time Factors |
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Abstract |
1. The effect on plasma, urinary and faecal electrolytes of frusemide and hydrochlorthiazide was measured in ponies, mean weight 180 kg. 2. The rapid loss in urine of large quantities of sodium had only a small effect on plasma sodium concentration. 3. Faecal sodium excretion was increased substantially after the administration of frusemide. 4. Frusemide increased faecal potassium during the 48 h following administration and faecal water in the 24/48 h period. It also produced a hypopotassaemia. 5. Hydrochlorthiazide increased faecal chloride during the 24 h after administration. 6. Frusemide increased the intestinal transit time of both liquid (polyethylene glycol) and particulate (Cr2O3) markers. |
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English |
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ISSN |
0007-1188 |
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Notes |
PMID:907872 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
111 |
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