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Author Hall, C.A.; Cassaday, H.J.; Derrington, A.M. openurl 
  Title The effect of stimulus height on visual discrimination in horses Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Journal of Animal Science Abbreviated Journal J. Anim Sci.  
  Volume 81 Issue 7 Pages 1715-1720  
  Keywords Animals; *Discrimination Learning/physiology; Female; Horses/physiology/*psychology; Male; Orientation; *Photic Stimulation; Vision/*physiology  
  Abstract This study investigated the effect of stimulus height on the ability of horses to learn a simple visual discrimination task. Eight horses were trained to perform a two-choice, black/white discrimination with stimuli presented at one of two heights: ground level or at a height of 70 cm from the ground. The height at which the stimuli were presented was alternated from one session to the next. All trials within a single session were presented at the same height. The criterion for learning was four consecutive sessions of 70% correct responses. Performance was found to be better when stimuli were presented at ground level with respect to the number of trials taken to reach the criterion (P < 0.05), percentage of correct first choices (P < 0.01), and repeated errors made (P < 0.01). Thus, training horses to carry out tasks of visual discrimination could be enhanced by placing the stimuli on the ground. In addition, the results of the present study suggest that the visual appearance of ground surfaces is an important factor in both horse management and training.  
  Address School of Land-based Studies, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst College Campus, Southwell, Nottinghamshire, England NG25 0QF. carol.hall@ntu.ac.uk  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0021-8812 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:12854807 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 835  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Westerduin, F.E.; Lankveld, D.P.K.; van der Velden, M.A.; Back, W.; Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan, M.M. openurl 
  Title [Splenectomy in a dressage pony: end of sports career?] Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde Abbreviated Journal Tijdschr Diergeneeskd  
  Volume 128 Issue 13 Pages 406-411  
  Keywords Animals; Biopsy/veterinary; Colic/surgery/veterinary; Horse Diseases/pathology/*surgery/ultrasonography; Horses; Laparotomy/veterinary; Male; Splenectomy/*veterinary; Splenomegaly/surgery/ultrasonography/*veterinary; *Sports  
  Abstract A 14-year-old Arabian cross-bred gelding was referred to the University Clinic because of mild, recurrent signs of colic for 5 days. The pony showed icteric mucous membranes, haemolytic blood, and dark coloured urine. Internal examination did not give a clear diagnosis. Unidentified intra-abdominal strands were found and haemorrhagic abdominocentesis led to the decision to perform an exploratory laparatomy. An extremely enlarged spleen was the sole finding. A splenal biopsy sample was taken and surgery was completed. The pony remained colicky, so the spleen was examined by ultrasonography. After this examination, the tentative diagnosis 'tumour of the spleen' was made and splenectomy was performed. Pathological examination of the spleen revealed splenomegaly caused by infarctions of unknown origin. Eight weeks after surgery, the pony started again in dressage competition. Six months after splenectomy, the pony won the provincial dressage competition.  
  Address Hoofdafdeling Gezondheidszorg Paard, Faculteit der Diergeneeskunde, Universiteit Utrecht, Yalelaan 12-16, 3584 CM Utrecht. fenna-lambert@planet.nl  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Dutch Summary Language Original Title Splenectomie bij een dressuurpony: einde sportcarriere?  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0040-7453 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:12870176 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3722  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Gerber, V.; Robinson, N.E.; Luethi, S.; Marti, E.; Wampfler, B.; Straub, R. openurl 
  Title Airway inflammation and mucus in two age groups of asymptomatic well-performing sport horses Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Equine Veterinary Journal Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J  
  Volume 35 Issue 5 Pages 491-495  
  Keywords Age Factors; Animals; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/*cytology; Female; Flow Cytometry/veterinary; Horse Diseases/*physiopathology; Horses; Housing, Animal; Inflammation/veterinary; Leukocyte Count/veterinary; Male; Mucus/*secretion; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Respiratory Function Tests/veterinary; Respiratory Tract Diseases/physiopathology/*veterinary; Sports  
  Abstract REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Horses housed in conventional stable environments are exposed to high dust loads. Long-term exposure to inhaled dust may lead to subclinical airway disease. HYPOTHESES: Airway inflammation and mucus accumulation are 1) common in asymptomatic well-performing sport horses, 2) increased in older compared to younger individuals and 3) correlated. METHODS: Mucus quantity and quality (endoscopic scoring) and BALF differential cytology were assessed in 13 younger horses (mean age 5 years) and 13 older horses (mean age 15 years), which had no historical or clinical evidence of lower airway disease, were performing well and were housed permanently in a conventional stable environment. RESULTS: 1) Airway inflammation and/or mucus accumulation were very common. All sport horses showed evidence of subclinical inflammatory airway disease (IAD). 2) Older horses, having been exposed for 10 more years to a conventional stable environment, did not show increased subclinical airway inflammation or mucus accumulation. The only differences between the age groups were increased BALF total and lymphocyte cell counts in the younger horses. 3) Mucus quantity and quality scores were not significantly correlated with each other or with BALF neutrophil percentages and absolute numbers. CONCLUSIONS: Although clinically healthy and performing well, all of the examined horses housed in a conventional stable environment showed evidence of IAD. The degree of IAD was not increased in older horses that had not developed clinical signs. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: The effect of subclinical degrees of IAD on performance in dressage and show jumping should be investigated further to better understand the clinical significance of IAD in sport horses.  
  Address Pulmonary Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0425-1644 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:12875328 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3721  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Hoang, L.; Maity, H.; Krishna, M.M.G.; Lin, Y.; Englander, S.W. openurl 
  Title Folding units govern the cytochrome c alkaline transition Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Journal of Molecular Biology Abbreviated Journal J Mol Biol  
  Volume 331 Issue 1 Pages 37-43  
  Keywords Animals; Cytochrome c Group/*chemistry; Horses; Hydrogen/chemistry; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; *Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Spectrum Analysis; Titrimetry  
  Abstract The alkaline transition of cytochrome c is a model for protein structural switching in which the normal heme ligand is replaced by another group. Stopped flow data following a jump to high pH detect two slow kinetic phases, suggesting two rate-limiting structure changes. Results described here indicate that these events are controlled by the same structural unfolding reactions that account for the first two steps in the reversible unfolding pathway of cytochrome c. These and other results show that the cooperative folding-unfolding behavior of protein foldons can account for a variety of functional activities in addition to determining folding pathways.  
  Address Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059, USA. lhoang@mail.upenn.edu  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-2836 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:12875834 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3781  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Vollmerhaus, B.; Roos, H.; Gerhards, H.; Knospe, C. openurl 
  Title [Phylogeny, form and function of canine teeth in the horse] Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Anatomia, histologia, embryologia Abbreviated Journal Anat Histol Embryol  
  Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 212-217  
  Keywords Animals; Cuspid/*anatomy & histology/radiography; Evolution; Horses/*anatomy & histology; Male; Phylogeny; *Social Dominance  
  Abstract The canine teeth of the horse developed phylogenically from the simple, pointed, short-rooted tooth form of the leaf eating, in pairs living, Eocene horse Hyracotherium and served up to the Oligocene as a means of defense (self preservation). In the Miocene the living conditions of the Merychippus changed and they took to eating grass and adopted as a new behavior the life in a herd. The canine teeth possibly played an important role in fights for social ranking; they changed from a crown form to knife-like shape. In the Pliohippus the canine tooth usually remained in male horses and since the Pliocene, it contributed to the fights between stallions, to ensure that the offspring only came from the strongest animals (preservation of the species). Form and construction of the canine tooth are described and discussed in detail under the above mentioned phylogenic and ethologic aspects.  
  Address Institut fur Tieranatomie und Chirurgische Tierklinik der Universitat Munchen, Veterinarstrasse 13, D 80539 Munchen, Deutschland. c-neumueller@anat.vetmed.uni-muenchen.de  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language German Summary Language Original Title [Zur Phylogenie, Form und Funktion der Dentes canini des Pferdes]  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0340-2096 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:12919071 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 672  
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Author Alexander, F.; Macpherson, M.J.D.; Oxford, A.E. openurl 
  Title Fermentative activities of some members of the normal coccal flora of the horse's large intestine Type Journal Article
  Year 1952 Publication Journal of comparative pathology Abbreviated Journal J Comp Pathol  
  Volume 62 Issue 4 Pages 252-259  
  Keywords *Horses; *Intestines; *Streptococcus; *Horses; *Intestines; *Streptococcus  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0021-9975 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:12999997 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 125  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Alexander, F. openurl 
  Title Some functions of the large intestine of the horse Type Journal Article
  Year 1952 Publication Quarterly journal of experimental physiology and cognate medical sciences Abbreviated Journal Q J Exp Physiol Cogn Med Sci  
  Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 205-214  
  Keywords *Horses; *Intestine, Large; *Horses; *Intestine, Large  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0033-5541 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:13014259 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 127  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Alexander, F. openurl 
  Title Some observations on general anaesthesia in ponies Type Journal Article
  Year 1954 Publication Journal of comparative pathology Abbreviated Journal J Comp Pathol  
  Volume 64 Issue 1 Pages 20-25  
  Keywords *Anesthesia; *Horses; *Anesthesia; *Horses  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0021-9975 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:13130716 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 124  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Liu, I.M.; Turner, J.W.J.; Naugle, R.; Keiper, R. openurl 
  Title Long-term effects of porcine zonae pellucidae immunocontraception on ovarian function in feral horses (Equus caballus) Type Journal Article
  Year 1992 Publication Journal of reproduction and fertility Abbreviated Journal J Reprod Fertil  
  Volume 94 Issue 2 Pages 437-444  
  Keywords Animals; Contraception, Immunologic/*veterinary; *Egg Proteins; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/urine; Female; Glycoproteins/*pharmacology; Horses/immunology/*physiology; *Membrane Glycoproteins; Ovary/drug effects/*physiology; Progesterone/metabolism; *Receptors, Cell Surface; Swine/immunology; Time Factors; Zona Pellucida/*immunology  
  Abstract Ten feral mares free-roaming in Maryland, USA, were inoculated with porcine zonae pellucidae (PZP) protein before the breeding season for three consecutive years (1988-90). Ovarian function was monitored for 51 days during the peak of the breeding season after the third annual PZP inoculation, in seven of these mares and in four untreated control mares, by means of urinary oestrone conjugates and nonspecific progesterone metabolites. None of the ten inoculated mares became pregnant in 1990, compared with 55% of 20 control mares, which included two of the four monitored for ovarian function. Three of the untreated mares demonstrated apparent normal ovarian activity, characterized by preovulatory oestrogen peaks, concurrent progesterone nadirs at ovulation, breeding activity, and luteal-phase progesterone increases after ovulation. Two of the seven monitored PZP-treated mares demonstrated ovulatory cycles that did not result in conception. One was pregnant as a result of conception in 1989 and demonstrated a normal, late-gestation, endocrine profile. The remaining four PZP-treated mares revealed no evidence of ovulation, and urinary oestrogen concentrations were significantly depressed. The experiments indicated that (i) a third consecutive annual PZP booster inoculation is greater than 90% effective in preventing pregnancies in mares and (ii) three consecutive years of PZP treatment may interfere with normal ovarian function as shown by markedly depressed oestrogen secretion.  
  Address Deaconess Research Institute, Billings, MT 59102  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-4251 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:1317449 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 145  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Lutta, A.S. openurl 
  Title [Distribution and biology of Heptatoma pellucens in the Karelian ASSR (fam. Tabanidae)] Type Journal Article
  Year 1976 Publication Parazitologiia Abbreviated Journal Parazitologiia  
  Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 53-55  
  Keywords Animals; Biology; *Diptera; Ecology; Female; Horses/parasitology; Larva; Russia  
  Abstract The analysis is given of the peculiarities of the distribution of the widely spread forest subspecies Heptatoma pellucens pellucens Fabr. in the northern part of its distribution area in Karelia. Some data on the biology of the larva of this subspecies are presented.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Russian Summary Language Original Title K rasprostraneniiu i biologii Heptatoma pellucens v Karel'skoi ASSR (sem. Tabanidae)  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0031-1847 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) PMID:133320 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2701  
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