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	Author	Gauvin, S.; Giraldeau, L.-A.
	Title	Nutmeg mannikins ( Lonchura punctulata) reduce their feeding rates in response to simulated competition			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Oecologia	Abbreviated Journal	Oecologia
	Volume	139	Issue	1	Pages	150-156
	Keywords	Animals; Feeding Behavior; Population Density; Social Behavior; *Songbirds
	Abstract	Group feeding animals experience a number of competitive foraging costs that may result in a lowered feeding rate. It is important to distinguish between reductions in feeding rates that are caused by reduced food availability and physical interactions among foragers from those caused by the mere presence of foraging companions that may be self-imposed in order to obtain some benefit of group membership. Starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris) reduce their feeding rates when in the company of simulated competitors located in an adjacent cage that cannot affect the food availability or interact with the forager. In the present study, we investigate whether the presence of simulated competitors in another species of passerine, nutmeg mannikins ( Lonchura punctulata), can result in self-imposed reductions in feeding rates. When feeding in the company of simulated competitors, mannikins spent more non-foraging time near them, fed more slowly, reduced travel times between patches, reduced their scanning time and pecked more slowly. These results provide evidence that simulated competitors induce a reduction in pecking rate: behavioural interference. These self-imposed responses to competitors may have resulted from attempts to remain close to the non-feeding companions. Such self-imposed reductions in feeding rates may be a widespread yet generally unrecognised foraging cost to group feeding individuals.
	Address	Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0029-8549	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:14722748			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2133
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	Author	Lonsdorf, E.V.
	Title	What is the role of mothers in the acquisition of termite-fishing behaviors in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Animal Cognition	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Cogn.
	Volume	9	Issue	1	Pages	36-46
	Keywords	Animals; Animals, Wild; Behavior, Animal; Cooking and Eating Utensils; Feeding Behavior/psychology; Female; Imitative Behavior; Learning; Mothers/psychology; Motor Skills; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Problem Solving
	Abstract	This paper explores the role of maternal influences on the acquisition of a tool-using task in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in order to build on and complement previous work done in captivity. Young chimpanzees show a long period of offspring dependency on mothers and it is during this period that offspring learn several important skills, especially how to and on what to forage. At Gombe National Park, one skill that is acquired during dependency is termite-fishing, a complex behavior that involves inserting a tool made from the surrounding vegetation into a termite mound and extracting the termites that attack and cling to the tool. All chimpanzees observed at Gombe have acquired the termite-fishing skill by the age of 5.5 years. Since the mother is the primary source of information throughout this time period, I investigated the influence of mothers' individual termite-fishing characteristics on their offsprings' speed of acquisition and proficiency at the skill once acquired. Mother's time spent alone or with maternal family members, which is highly correlated to time spent termite-fishing, was positively correlated to offspring's acquisition of critical elements of the skill. I also investigated the specific types of social interactions that occur between mothers and offspring at the termite mound and found that mothers are highly tolerant to offspring, even when the behavior of the offspring may disrupt the termite-fishing attempt. However, no active facilitation by mothers of offsprings' attempts were observed.
	Address	Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. elonsdorf@lpzoo.org
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1435-9448	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:16195914			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2480
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	Author	De Stoppelaire, G.H.; Gillespie, T.W.; Brock, J.C.; Tobin, G.A.
	Title	Use of remote sensing techniques to determine the effects of grazing on vegetation cover and dune elevation at Assateague Island National Seashore: impact of horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Environmental Management	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Manage
	Volume	34	Issue	5	Pages	642-649
	Keywords	Animals; Animals, Wild; Conservation of Natural Resources; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Feeding Behavior; Horses; Maryland; Plants/growth & development; Population Dynamics; Silicon Dioxide; Soil
	Abstract	The effects of grazing by feral horses on vegetation and dune topography at Assateague Island National Seashore were investigated using color-infrared imagery, lidar surveys, and field measurements. Five pairs of fenced and unfenced plots (300 m2) established in 1993 on sand flats and small dunes with similar elevation, topography, and vegetation cover were used for this study. Color-infrared imagery from 1998 and field measurements from 2001 indicated that there was a significant difference in vegetation cover between the fenced and unfenced plot-pairs over the study period. Fenced plots contained a higher percentage of vegetation cover that was dominated by American beachgrass (Ammophila breviligulata). Lidar surveys from 1997, 1999, and 2000 showed that there were significant differences in elevation and topography between fenced and unfenced plot-pairs. Fenced plots were, on average, 0.63 m higher than unfenced plots, whereas unfenced plots had generally decreased in elevation after establishment in 1993. Results demonstrate that feral horse grazing has had a significant impact on dune formation and has contributed to the erosion of dunes at Assateague Island. The findings suggest that unless the size of the feral horse population is reduced, grazing will continue to foster unnaturally high rates of dune erosion into the future. In order to maintain the natural processes that historically occurred on barrier islands, much larger fenced exclosures would be required to prevent horse grazing.
	Address	US Geological Survey, Center for Coastal and Watershed Studies, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA. georgia.destoppelaire@my.FWC.com
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0364-152X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:15633024			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1896
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	Author	Loyola, E.G.; Rodriguez, M.H.; Gonzalez, L.; Arredondo, J.I.; Bown, D.N.; Vaca, M.A.
	Title	Effect of indoor residual spraying of DDT and bendiocarb on the feeding patterns of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis in Mexico			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1990	Publication	Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association	Abbreviated Journal	J Am Mosq Control Assoc
	Volume	6	Issue	4	Pages	635-640
	Keywords	Animals; Anopheles/physiology; Carbamates; Cattle; Ddt; Ecology; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Feeding Behavior/drug effects; Horses; Humans; Insect Vectors; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Mexico; Phenylcarbamates; Seasons
	Abstract	Intense and persistent use of DDT for malaria control has increased resistance and induced exophilic behavior of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis. An evaluation of bendiocarb and DDT to control this species in Sinaloa, Mexico, showed that, in spite of DDT-resistance, both insecticides produced similar effects. Feeding patterns were analyzed to explain these results. Resting mosquitoes were collected over the dry and wet seasons. Anophelines were tested in an ELISA to determine the source of the meals. The human blood index (HBI) ranged from 3.3 to 6.8% in DDT- and from 12.7 to 26.9% in bendiocarb-sprayed houses. Irritability and repellency in DDT-sprayed houses could explain the reduced HBI. In contrast, bendiocarb produced higher mortality. These effects could have affected different components of the vectorial capacity and similarly reduced malaria.
	Address	Center for Malaria Research, Chiapas, Mexico
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	8756-971X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:2098469			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2671
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	Author	Li, F.-H.; Zhong, W.-Q.; Wang, Z.; Wang, D.-H.
	Title	Rank in a food competition test and humoral immune functions in male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Physiology & behavior	Abbreviated Journal	Physiol. Behav.
	Volume	90	Issue	2-3	Pages	490-495
	Keywords	Animals; Antibody Formation/physiology; Arvicolinae/immunology/physiology; Competitive Behavior/physiology; Dominance-Subordination; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Hydrocortisone/blood; Male; *Social Dominance; Spleen/immunology/physiology
	Abstract	Social status can influence an animal's immune and reproductive functions, eventually leading to alterations in immunocompetence and reproductive success. Here, we report that rank assessed in a food competition test, considered as an index of social status, has significant influences on humoral immune functions in male Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) living in a group. Our data reveal a negative correlation of the spleen mass and serum antibody levels with social status, as well as a positive correlation of serum cortisol levels with social status. Males winning in food competition had a smaller spleen, a lower level of serum antibodies, and a higher level of serum cortisol than did their conspecific counterparts. These data indicate interactions between social status and humoral immune functions and might illustrate a trade-off between infection risks and reproductive success in male Brandt's voles.
	Address	State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 25 Beisihuan Xilu, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing 100080, China
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0031-9384	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:17141282			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	804
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	Author	Hampton, R.R.; Shettleworth, S.J.
	Title	Hippocampus and memory in a food-storing and in a nonstoring bird species			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1996	Publication	Behavioral neuroscience	Abbreviated Journal	Behav Neurosci
	Volume	110	Issue	5	Pages	946-964
	Keywords	Animals; Appetitive Behavior/physiology; Attention/physiology; Birds/physiology; Brain Mapping; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Mental Recall/physiology; Organ Size/physiology; Orientation/*physiology; Retention (Psychology)/physiology; Species Specificity
	Abstract	Food-storing birds maintain in memory a large and constantly changing catalog of the locations of stored food. The hippocampus of food-storing black-capped chickadees (Parus atricapillus) is proportionally larger than that of nonstoring dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis). Chickadees perform better than do juncos in an operant test of spatial non-matching-to-sample (SNMTS), and chickadees are more resistant to interference in this paradigm. Hippocampal lesions attenuate performance in SNMTS and increase interference. In tests of continuous spatial alternation (CSA), juncos perform better than chickadees. CSA performance also declines following hippocampal lesions. By itself, sensitivity of a given task to hippocampal damage does not predict the direction of memory differences between storing and nonstoring species.
	Address	Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. robert@ln.nimh.nih.gov
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0735-7044	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:8918998			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	375
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	Author	Kobayashi, K.; Jackowiak, H.; Frackowiak, H.; Yoshimura, K.; Kumakura, M.; Kobayashi, K.
	Title	Comparative morphological study on the tongue and lingual papillae of horses (Perissodactyla) and selected ruminantia (Artiodactyla)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology = Archivio Italiano di Anatomia ed Embriologia	Abbreviated Journal	Ital J Anat Embryol
	Volume	110	Issue	2 Suppl 1	Pages	55-63
	Keywords	Animals; Artiodactyla/anatomy & histology/physiology; Cattle; Connective Tissue/physiology/ultrastructure; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Goats/anatomy & histology/physiology; Horses/anatomy & histology/physiology; Mastication/physiology; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Perissodactyla/anatomy & histology/physiology; Tongue/physiology/*ultrastructure
	Abstract	A common characteristic of horses, Rocky Mountain goats, and cattle is that they all have a well developed lingual prominence on the dorsal surface of the posterior area of the tongue. Foliate papillae were found in the horse studied but not in the goat or in cattle. The horse filiform papillae had a long and slender external form with a thin and slender CTC, while in the goat and cattle the external form consisted of a large thick main process and the CTC consisted of a bundle of numerous rod-shaped protrusions. The special papilla found on the lingual prominence resembled larger filiform-like papillae in the horses; however, in the goat and cattle it was a very thick and large tongue like papillae. The horses had two large vallate papillae, while the goat and cattle had 15 or more vallate papillae at the posterior area of the lingual prominence. This suggests that the fine structure of horse tongues may display a more primitive pattern than that present in goats and cattle.
	Address	Department of Anatomy, School of Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, Niigata, Japan. kobayashi@ngt.ndu.ac.jp
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1122-6714	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:16101021			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1887
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	Author	Hodgson, Z.G.; Healy, S.D.
	Title	Preference for spatial cues in a non-storing songbird species			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Animal Cognition	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Cogn.
	Volume	8	Issue	3	Pages	211-214
	Keywords	Animals; Association Learning/physiology; Cues; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Female; Male; Memory/physiology; Sex Factors; Songbirds/physiology; Space Perception/physiology; Spatial Behavior/physiology
	Abstract	Male mammals typically outperform their conspecific females on spatial tasks. A sex difference in cues used to solve the task could underlie this performance difference as spatial ability is reliant on appropriate cue use. Although comparative studies of memory in food-storing and non-storing birds have examined species differences in cue preference, few studies have investigated differences in cue use within a species. In this study, we used a one-trial associative food-finding task to test for sex differences in cue use in the great tit, Parus major. Birds were trained to locate a food reward hidden in a well covered by a coloured cloth. To determine whether the colour of the cloth or the location of the well was learned during training, the birds were presented with three wells in the test phase: one in the original location, but covered by a cloth of a novel colour, a second in a new location covered with the original cloth and a third in a new location covered by a differently coloured cloth. Both sexes preferentially visited the well in the training location rather than either alternative. As great tits prefer colour cues over spatial cues in one-trial associative conditioning tasks, cue preference appears to be related to the task type rather than being species dependent.
	Address	Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK. s.healy@ed.ac.uk
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1435-9448	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:15611879			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2499
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	Author	Mitchell, D.; Kirschbaum, E.H.; Perry, R.L.
	Title	Effects of neophobia and habituation on the poison-induced avoidance of exteroceptive stimuli in the rat			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1975	Publication	Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes	Abbreviated Journal	J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
	Volume	1	Issue	1	Pages	47-55
	Keywords	Animals; Avoidance Learning/drug effects; Awareness; Cognition; Conditioning, Operant; Feeding Behavior/drug effects; Habituation, Psychophysiologic; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Lithium/administration & dosage/poisoning; Male; Rats; Taste; Time Factors; Visual Perception
	Abstract	Two experiments on the role of neophobia in poison-induced aversions to exteroceptive stimuli are reported. In Experiment 1, rats were given either 10 or 25 days of habituation to the test situation prior to conditioning. Those animals with the longer habituation period avoided a complex of novel exteroceptive stimuli while those with the shorter habituation period did not. In Experiment 2 rats initially avoided the more novel of two containers, but gradually came to eat equal amounts from both. A single pairing of toxicosis with consumption from either the novel or the familiar container reinstated the avoidance of the novel container in both cases. The results were discussed in terms of an interaction between habituation and conditioning procedures. It was suggested that previously reported differences between interoceptive and exteroceptive conditioning effects may have been influenced by the differential novelty of the two classes of stimuli in the test situation. It was further suggested that non-contingently poisoned control groups should routinely be included in poison avoidance conditioning studies.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0097-7403	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:1151289			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2791
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	Author	Naug, D.; Arathi, H.S.
	Title	Sampling and decision rules used by honey bees in a foraging arena			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Animal Cognition	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Cogn.
	Volume	10	Issue	2	Pages	117-124
	Keywords	Animals; Bees/physiology; Choice Behavior; Cooperative Behavior; *Feeding Behavior; Flight, Animal
	Abstract	Animals must continuously choose among various available options to exploit the most profitable resource. They also need to keep themselves updated about the values of all available options, since their relative values can change quickly due to depletion or exploitation by competitors. While the sampling and decision rules by which foragers profitably exploit a flower patch have attracted a great deal of attention in theory and experiments with bumble bees, similar rules for honey bee foragers, which face similar foraging challenges, are not as well studied. By presenting foragers of the honey bee Apis cerana with choice tests in a foraging arena and recording their behavior, we investigate possible sampling and decision rules that the foragers use to choose one option over another and to track other options. We show that a large part of the sampling and decision-making process of a foraging honey bee can be explained by decomposing the choice behavior into dichotomous decision points and incorporating the cost of sampling. The results suggest that a honey bee forager, by using a few simple rules as part of a Bayesian inference process, is able to effectively deal with the complex task of successfully exploiting foraging patches that consist of dynamic and multiple options.
	Address	Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. dhruba@lamar.colostate.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1435-9448	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:16941157			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2441
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