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Sighieri, C.; Tedeschi, D.; De Andreis, C.; Petri, L.; Baragli, P. |
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Title |
Behaviour patterns of horses can be used to establish a dominantsubordinate relationship between man and horse |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
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Animal Welfare |
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12 |
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705-708 |
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ANIMAL WELFARE; BEHAVIOUR PATTERNS; DOMINANCE; UNHANDLED HORSE |
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Abstract |
This paper describes how man can enter the social hierarchy of the horse by mimicking the behaviour and stance it uses to establish dominance. A herd is organised according to a dominance hierarchy established by means of ritualised conflict. Dominance relationships are formed through these confrontations: one horse gains the dominant role and others identify themselves as subordinates. This study was conducted using five females of the Haflinger breed, totally unaccustomed to human contact, from a free-range breeding farm. The study methods were based on the three elements fundamental to the equilibrium of the herd: flight, herd instinct and hierarchy. The trainer-horse relationship was established in three phases: retreat, approach and association. At the end of the training sessions, all of the horses were able to respond correctly to the trainer. These observations suggest that it is possible to manage unhandled horses without coercion by mimicking their behaviour patterns. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4089 |
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Author |
Sighieri, C.; Tedeschi, D.; De Andreis, C.; Petri, L.; Baragli, P. |
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Title |
Behaviour Patterns of Horses Can be Used to Establish a Dominant-Subordinate Relationship Between Man and Horse |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Animal Welfare |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
4 |
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705-708 |
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Keywords |
animal welfare; behaviour patterns; dominance; unhandled horse |
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Abstract |
This paper describes how man can enter the social hierarchy of the horse by mimicking the behaviour and stance it uses to establish dominance. A herd is organised according to a dominance hierarchy established by means of ritualised conflict. Dominance relationships are formed through these confrontations: one horse gains the dominant role and others identify themselves as subordinates. This study was conducted using five females of the Haflinger breed, totally unaccustomed to human contact, from a free-range breeding farm. The study methods were based on the three elements fundamental to the equilibrium of the herd: flight, herd instinct and hierarchy. The trainer-horse relationship was established in three phases: retreat, approach and association. At the end of the training sessions, all of the horses were able to respond correctly to the trainer. These observations suggest that it is possible to manage unhandled horses without coercion by mimicking their behaviour patterns. |
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Cambridge University Press |
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2023/01/11 |
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0962-7286 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6713 |
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Brinkmann, L.; Gerken, M.; Riek, A. |
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Title |
Effect of long-term feed restriction on the health status and welfare of a robust horse breed, the Shetland pony (Equus ferus caballus) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Research in Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Res. Vet. Sci. |
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94 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
826-831 |
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Keywords |
Animal welfare; Blood parameter; Extensive housing; Feed restriction; Horse; Winter conditions |
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Outdoor group housing is increasingly recognized as an appropriate housing system for domesticated horses. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of potential feed shortage in semi-natural horse keeping systems in winter on animal health and welfare. In 10 female Shetland ponies blood concentrations (NEFA, total protein (TP), total bilirubin (TB), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and thyroxine (T4)), body mass and the body condition score (BCS) were monitored for 7months including a 4months period of feed restriction in five of the 10 ponies. Restrictively fed animals lost 18.4±2.99% of their body mass and the BCS decreased by 2.2±0.8 points (BCS scale: 0=emaciated, 5=obese). Feed restriction led to a continuous increase in TB (P<0.001) and NEFA (P<0.01) concentrations compared to control ponies. The TP and BHB values only differed at the end of the trial with lower concentrations in restricted fed mares (P<0.05). Feed restriction had no effect on thyroxine concentrations. TB concentrations in the feed restricted group were out of the reference range during the entire feeding trial. The increased NEFA concentrations in feed restricted compared to control ponies suggest that fat was mobilized. The BCS, as well as plasma NEFA and TB concentrations were good indicators for a rapid detection of possible health problems caused by undernourishment in horses when kept under semi-natural conditions. In contrast, blood parameters of the control animals were within the reference ranges, suggesting that a year round outdoor housing with additional feed supply is an adequate housing system for a robust horse breed like the Shetland pony. |
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0034-5288 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6601 |
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Author |
Kampmann, S.; Hampson, B.A.; Pollitt, C.C. |
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Title |
Population dynamics of feral horses (Equus caballus) following above-average rainfall in a semi-arid environment of Australia |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Australian Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Aust Vet J |
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91 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
482-487 |
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Keywords |
animal welfare; ecology; horses; reproduction; wildlife |
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Background Recent record rainfall in much of semi-arid Central Australia is the most likely reason for a feral horse population increase in excess of normal. Uncontrolled numbers of feral horses have habitat degradation and animal welfare implications. Objectives The aims of this study were to investigate the social structure of feral horses and assess their population growth rate following unseasonably high rainfall. Methods The study area was 4000 km2 of unmanaged, semi-arid country in Central Australia (latitude 24.50°S, longitude 132.10°E). Horses were identified by descriptive features from ground searches, movement-activated cameras and ‘hides’ positioned at key water holes. Wherever possible, sex and age categories were documented. Population growth rate was estimated by the number of foals divided by the number of horses older than 1 year in the observed population. Results A total of 1424 horses were identified and categorised, of which 335 were foals born within the current year. Only 123 juveniles were identified. Of the adult horses, 53.4% were male and 46.6% were female and this differed from parity (P = 0.04). Of the mares, 71.9% had a foal at foot and the population growth rate was 29.5%. Conclusions With a sustained population growth rate of 29.5%, this population of feral horses will more than double within 3 years. The high population increase will likely have a detrimental effect on native fauna and flora and the fragile, semi-arid ecosystems of Central Australia. After a period of high rainfall and plentiful resources, ‘normal’ drought conditions will return and many feral horses will starve and die as they compete for limited resources. |
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1751-0813 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5747 |
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Siniscalchi, M.; Padalino, B.; Lusito, R.; Quaranta, A. |
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Title |
Is the left forelimb preference indicative of a stressful situation in horses? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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107 |
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61-67 |
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Animal welfare; Ethology; Horse; Limb preference; Physiology |
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Abstract Evidence for behavioural and brain lateralisation is now widespread among the animal kingdom; lateralisation of limb use (pawedness) occurs in several mammals including both feral and domestic horses. We investigated limb preferences in 14 Quarter Horse during different motor tasks (walking, stepping on and off a step, truck loading and unloading). Population lateralisation was observed in two tasks: horses preferentially used their left forelimb during truck loading and stepping off a step. The results also revealed that horses showed higher scores for anxious behaviours during truck loading suggesting that the use of the left forelimb in this task may reflect the main role of the right hemisphere in control of behaviour during stressful situation. |
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0376-6357 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6041 |
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Ninomiya, S.; Sato, S.; Kusunose, R.; Mitumasu, T.; Obara, Y. |
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Title |
A note on a behavioural indicator of satisfaction in stabled horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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Volume |
106 |
Issue |
1-3 |
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184-189 |
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Keywords |
Animal welfare; Satisfaction; Horses; Operant response; Stable |
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We observed the behaviour of six stabled horses (stallions n = 3; geldings n = 3) in an attempt to identify behavioural measures of eating satisfaction. The horses were required to perform an operant response (pressing a button with the muzzle) in order to access a food reward in an experimental box stall. After each horse had successfully learned the experimental situation, it participated in the experimental protocol on 4 days. Horses were brought to the experimental box stall for the operant response sessions (1 h duration per session), and upon completion, they were returned to their own (home) box stalls. The number of presses for the reward was a Fixed Ratio schedule of either 3 or 12 muzzle presses (FR3, FR12) and the FR procedure for each horse was as follows: FR3 FR12 FR12 FR3 or FR12 FR3 FR3 FR12. Number of rewards obtained during each session, and behaviour and heart rate after each session were recorded for each horse. A repeated measures ANOVA showed that the number of rewards obtained in FR3 was higher than in FR12 (P < 0.05). The horses spent more time in standing-rest, (with ears rotating laterally and exhibiting a low neck position) indicating sleep, in the home box stall, after FR3 compared to FR12 treatments (P < 0.05). Mean heart rate after standing-sleep was significantly lower than mean heart rate in the home box stall (P < 0.01). These results suggest that eating satisfaction induces sleep in stabled horses, and that episodes of standing-sleep behaviour may be a useful indicator of appropriate or enhanced welfare in the horse. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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281 |
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Dalla Costa, E.; Dai, F.; Lebelt, D.; Scholz, P.; Barbieri, S.; Canali, E.; Zanella, A.J.; Minero, M. |
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Title |
Welfare assessment of horses: the AWIN approach |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Animal Welfare |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Welf. |
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25 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
481-488 |
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Keywords |
Animal-Based; Measure; Indicator; Animal Welfare; Horse; On-Farm |
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The EU-funded Animal Welfare Indicators (AWIN) research project (2011-2015) aimed to improve animal welfare through the development of practical on-farm animal welfare assessment protocols. The present study describes the application of the AWIN approach to the development of a welfare assessment protocol for horses (Equus caballus). Its development required the following steps: (i) selection of potential welfare indicators; (ii) bridging gaps in knowledge; (iii) consulting stakeholders; and (iv) testing a prototype protocol on-farm. Compared to existing welfare assessment protocols for other species, the AWIN welfare assessment protocol for horses introduces a number of innovative aspects, such as implementation of a two-level strategy focused on improving on-farm feasibility and the use of electronic tools to achieve standardised data collection and so promote rapid outcomes. Further refinement to the AWIN welfare assessment protocol for horses is needed in order to firstly gather data from a larger reference population and, secondly, enhance the welfare assessment protocol with reference to different horse housing and husbandry conditions. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6406 |
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Author |
Huebener, E. |
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Title |
The Rider's Impacts and Their Timers – Example: Rider's Aids for Transitions Between Different Gaits. |
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2006 |
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Tierärztliche Umschau |
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Tierärztl. Umschau |
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10 |
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515-532 |
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Animal-friendly rider-horse communication – signals for changing the footfall – knee-jerk impacts in the single “fitting” moment – singular timer for those – immediate “obedience” |
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The scientific investigation of the basics of the inherited riding teachings assists in conserving its values. Riding instructors should be able to teach not only “how” but also “why”.
The classic European riding teachings that have developed across the centuries are based on perceptions that have their roots in natural phenomena. They are being mirrored, for instance, in the aids to stimulate the change from one gait to the next.
The movements of the horse's trunk and back provide timers for horse-friendly, sensitive aids that create attentive, diligent and happily cooperating horses. |
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German |
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yes |
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refbase @ user @ |
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434 |
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Author |
Francis-Smith, K.; Wood-Gush, D.G.M. |
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Title |
Copropgagia as seen in thoroughbred foals |
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1977 |
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Equine veterinary journal |
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Equine Vet J |
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9 |
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3 |
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155-157 |
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animal; article; coprophagy; defecation; eating; female; horse; horse disease; human; mastication |
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Four Thoroughbred foals were seen to quickly eat part of the faeces deposited by their own dams on some 40 per cent of the mare-defaecating occasions observed between the second and fifth week after birth. They did not do it before or after this period. This behaviour was thought to be a feeding pattern which formed a normal part of the foal's development. |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1090 |
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Beaver, B.V. |
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Problems & values associated with dominance |
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1981 |
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Veterinary medicine, small animal clinician : VM, SAC |
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Vet Med Small Anim Clin |
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76 |
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8 |
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1129-1131 |
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Animals; *Animals, Domestic; *Behavior, Animal; Cats; Cattle; Dogs; Horses; *Social Dominance; Swine |
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English |
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0042-4889 |
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PMID:6914851 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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678 |
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