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Author |
Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Houpt, K.A. |
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Title |
Maternal behavior |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract |
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Volume |
2 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
557-571 |
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Keywords  |
Aggression; Animals; Animals, Wild; Female; *Horses; Lactation; *Maternal Behavior; Pregnancy; *Pregnancy, Animal; Rejection (Psychology) |
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Abstract |
Parturition in mares is rapid and is followed by a brief period of sensitivity to imprinting on a foal. There is large individual variation in normal maternal style, but normal mothers actively defend their foal, remain near the foal when it is sleeping, tolerate or assist nursing, and do not injure their own foal. Disturbance of a mare and foal during the early imprinting period can predispose a mare to rejection of her foal; therefore, it should be avoided. There are a variety of forms of foal rejection and numerous etiologies. Therefore, each case should be evaluated individually. |
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0749-0739 |
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PMID:3492245 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
49 |
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Author |
Hrdy, S.B. |
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Title |
Male-male competition and infanticide among the langurs (Presbytis entellus) of Abu, Rajasthan |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Primatol (Basel) |
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Volume |
22 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
19-58 |
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Keywords |
Aggression; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Coitus; *Competitive Behavior; Estrus; Feeding Behavior; Female; *Haplorhini; Homing Behavior; Humans; India; Infanticide; Leadership; Male; Maternal Behavior; Population Density; Pregnancy; Rain; Seasons; Sex Factors; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Behavior; Temperature; Vocalization, Animal |
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0015-5713 |
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PMID:4215710 |
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2051 |
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Author |
Collery, L. |
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Title |
Observations of equine animals under farm and feral conditions |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Equine veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
170-173 |
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Keywords |
Aggression; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Breeding; Circadian Rhythm; Feeding Behavior; Female; Horses/*physiology; Housing, Animal; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Puberty; Reproduction; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Dominance |
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0425-1644 |
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PMID:4473340 |
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680 |
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Author |
Saayman, G.S. |
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Title |
Behaviour of the adult males in a troop of free-ranging Chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1971 |
Publication |
Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Primatol (Basel) |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
36-57 |
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Keywords |
Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Female; Grooming; *Haplorhini; Homing Behavior; Humans; Leadership; Male; Papio; Pregnancy; Sex Factors; *Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Dominance |
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0015-5713 |
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PMID:5003339 |
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2053 |
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Author |
McDonnell, S.M.; Freeman, D.A.; Cymbaluk, N.F.; Schott, H.C. 2nd; Hinchcliff, K.; Kyle, B. |
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Title |
Behavior of stabled horses provided continuous or intermittent access to drinking water |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
American Journal of Veterinary Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Vet Res |
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Volume |
60 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1451-1456 |
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Keywords |
Aggression; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Drinking Behavior; Feeding Behavior; Female; Horses/*physiology/*psychology; Housing, Animal; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal/physiology/*psychology; Social Behavior; Videotape Recording; *Water Supply |
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OBJECTIVE: To compare quantitative measures and clinical assessments of behavior as an indication of psychologic well-being of stabled horses provided drinking water continuously or via 1 of 3 intermittent delivery systems. ANIMALS: 22 Quarter Horse (QH) or QH-crossbred mares and 17 Belgian or Belgian-crossbred mares (study 1) and 24 QH or QH-crossbred mares and 18 Belgian or Belgian-crossbred mares (study 2). PROCEDURE: Stabled horses were provided water continuously or via 1 of 3 intermittent water delivery systems in 2 study periods during a 2-year period. Continuous 24-hour videotaped samples were used to compare quantitative measures and clinical assessments of behavior among groups provided water by the various water delivery systems. RESULTS: All horses had clinically normal behavior. Significant differences in well being were not detected among groups provided water by the various delivery systems. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Various continuous and intermittent water delivery systems can provide adequately for the psychologic well-being of stabled horses. |
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New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square 19348, USA |
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0002-9645 |
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Notes |
PMID:10566826 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1928 |
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Author |
Boyd, L. |
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Title |
Behavior problems of equids in zoos |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract |
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Volume |
2 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
653-664 |
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Keywords |
Aerophagy/veterinary; Aggression/psychology; Animals; *Animals, Zoo; *Behavior, Animal; Coprophagia/psychology; Female; *Horses; Impotence/veterinary; Male; Mastication; Motor Activity; *Perissodactyla; Pregnancy; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Environment |
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Abstract |
Behavior problems in zoo equids commonly result from a failure to provide for needs basic to equine nature. Equids are gregarious, and failure to provide companions may result in pacing. Wild equids spend 60 to 70 per cent of their time grazing, and failure to provide ad libitum roughage contributes to the problems of pacing, cribbing, wood chewing, and coprophagia. Mimicking the normal processes of juvenile dispersal, bachelor-herd formation, and mate acquisition reduces the likelihood of agonistic and reproductive behavior problems. Infanticide can be avoided by introducing new stallions to herds containing only nonpregnant mares and older foals. |
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0749-0739 |
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Notes |
PMID:3492252 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
660 |
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Author |
Stahl, F.; Dorner, G. |
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Title |
Responses of salivary cortisol levels to stress-situations |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Endokrinologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Endokrinologie |
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Volume |
80 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
158-162 |
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Keywords |
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/diagnostic use; Anxiety Disorders/metabolism; Circadian Rhythm; Cushing Syndrome/metabolism; Fear/physiology; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone/*metabolism; Male; Pain/metabolism; Pregnancy; Saliva/*metabolism; Stress/*metabolism |
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A procedure is described for determining salivary cortisol levels by a competitive protein-binding assay using horse transcortin. The collection of saliva was performed by means of filter paper-strips. Filter paper samples are more than 5 days stable after air-drying. In this form, the samples could be stored without refrigerator or deep-freezer and, if necessary, sent by post to the laboratory without any special precaution. Stressful situation of either painful or anxious origin were associated with an adequate increase of salivary cortisol levels. The increases were 157 to 230% of the initial or normal values dependent on the kind of stress. The mean values in 4 cases of Cushing's syndrome were 380% and 1 hour after 25 I.U. ACTH 690% higher than those in normal persons. In normal persons, a well-defined circadian rhythm has been observed. |
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0013-7251 |
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Notes |
PMID:6297880 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
4056 |
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Author |
Zhang, T.-Y.; Parent, C.; Weaver, I.; Meaney, M.J. |
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Title |
Maternal programming of individual differences in defensive responses in the rat |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
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Volume |
1032 |
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85-103 |
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Adaptation, Biological; Aggression/*physiology; Animals; Evolution; Female; Gene Expression/physiology; Humans; Individuality; *Maternal Behavior; Phenotype; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Stress, Psychological/physiopathology |
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This paper describes the results of a series of studies showing that variations in mother-pup interactions program the development of individual differences in behavioral and endocrine stress responses in the rat. These effects are associated with altered expression of genes in brain regions, such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, that regulate the expression of stress responses. Studies from evolutionary biology suggest that such “maternal effects” are common and often associated with variations in the quality of the maternal environment. Together these findings suggest an epigenetic process whereby the experience of the mother alters the nature of the parent-offspring interactions and thus the phenotype of the offspring. |
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McGill Program for the Study of Behavior, Genes and Environment, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 boul. LaSalle, Montreal (Quebec), Canada H4H 1R3 |
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0077-8923 |
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Notes |
PMID:15677397 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4132 |
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Author |
Keiper, R.; Houpt, K. |
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Title |
Reproduction in feral horses: an eight-year study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1984 |
Publication |
American journal of veterinary research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Vet Res |
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Volume |
45 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
991-995 |
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Keywords |
Abortion, Veterinary/epidemiology; Anestrus; Animal Population Groups/*physiology; Animals; Animals, Wild/*physiology; Birth Rate; Female; Fertility; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses/*physiology; Lactation; Male; Maryland; Pregnancy; *Reproduction; Seasons; Sex Ratio; Virginia |
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Abstract |
The reproductive rate and foal survival of the free-ranging ponies on Assateague Island National Seashore were studied for 8 years, 1975 to 1982. Most (52%) of the 86 foals were born in May, 13% were born in April, 22.6% in June, 10.4% in July, and less than 1% in August and September. The mean foaling rate was 57.1 +/- 3.9% and the survival rate was 88.3 +/- 3.6%. Forty-eight colts and 55 fillies were born (sex ratio 53% female). Mares less than 3 years old did not foal and the foaling rate of 3-year-old mares was only 23%, that of 4-year-old mares was 46%, that of 5-year-old mares was 53%, and 6-year-old mares was 69%. The relatively poor reproduction rate was believed to be a consequence of the stress of lactating while carrying a foal when forage quality on the island was low. The hypothesis was supported by the higher reproductive rate (74.4 +/- 2.4%) of the ponies in the Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge on the southern part of the island. Their foals are weaned and sold in July each year. Despite the low reproductive rate on Assateague Island National Seashore , the number of ponies increased from 43 to 80, a 90% increase in the 8-year period or greater than 10%/yr. There were 24 deaths and 8 dispersals from the study area. |
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0002-9645 |
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Notes |
PMID:6732036 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
665 |
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Author |
Thompson, J.A.; Brown, S.E. 2nd; Riddle, W.T.; Seahorn, J.C.; Cohen, N.D. |
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Title |
Use of a Bayesian risk-mapping technique to estimate spatial risks for mare reproductive loss syndrome in Kentucky |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
American Journal of Veterinary Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Vet Res |
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Volume |
66 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
17-20 |
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Keywords |
Abortion, Veterinary/*epidemiology; Animals; Bayes Theorem; Female; Geography; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology; Horses; Kentucky/epidemiology; Models, Statistical; Pregnancy; Risk Factors |
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OBJECTIVE: To estimate spatial risks associated with mare reproductive loss syndrome (MRLS) during 2001 among horses in a specific study population and partition the herd effects into those attributable to herd location and those that were spatially random and likely attributable to herd management. Animals-Pregnant broodmares from 62 farms in 7 counties in central Kentucky. PROCEDURE: Veterinarians provided the 2001 abortion incidence proportions for each farm included in the study. Farms were georeferenced and data were analyzed by use of a fully Bayesian risk-mapping technique. RESULTS: Large farm-to-farm variation in MRLS incidence proportions was identified. The farm-to-farm variation was largely attributed to spatial location rather than to spatially random herd effects. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicate that there are considerable data to support an ecologic cause and potential ecologic risk factors for MRLS. Veterinary practitioners with more detailed knowledge of the ecology in the 7 counties in Kentucky that were investigated may provide additional data that would assist in the deduction of the causal factor of MRLS via informal geographic information systems analyses and suggest factors for inclusion in further investigations. |
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Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4475, USA. USA |
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0002-9645 |
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PMID:15691030 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2630 |
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