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Author Parker, S.T. doi  openurl
  Title A general model for the adaptive function of self-knowledge in animals and humans Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Consciousness and Cognition Abbreviated Journal Conscious Cogn  
  Volume 6 Issue 1 Pages 75-86  
  Keywords (up) *Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; *Awareness; Concept Formation; Evolution; Humans; Phylogeny; *Self Concept; Species Specificity  
  Abstract This article offers a general definition of self-knowledge that embraces all forms and levels of self-knowledge in animals and humans. It is hypothesized that various levels of self-knowledge constitute an ordinal scale such that each species in a lineage displays the forms of self-knowledge found in related species as well as new forms it and its sister species may have evolved. Likewise, it is hypothesized that these various forms of levels of self-knowledge develop in the sequence in which they evolved. Finally, a general hypothesis for the functional significance of self-knowledge is proposed along with subhypotheses regarding the adaptive significance of various levels of self-knowledge in mammals including human and nonhuman primates. The general hypothesis is that self-knowledge serves as a standard for assessing the qualities of conspecifics compared to those of the self. Such assessment is crucial to deciding among alternative reproductive and subsistence strategies. The qualities that are assessed, which vary across taxa, range from the size and strength of the self to its mathematical or musical abilities. This so-called assessment model of self-knowledge is based on evolutionary biological models for social selection and the role of assessment in animal communication.  
  Address Anthropology Department, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California, USA. Parker@Sonoma.edu  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1053-8100 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:9170562 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4160  
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Author de Wall, F.B.; Aureli, F. openurl 
  Title Conflict resolution and distress alleviation in monkeys and apes Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Abbreviated Journal Ann N Y Acad Sci  
  Volume 807 Issue Pages 317-328  
  Keywords (up) *Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; Arousal; *Conflict (Psychology); Empathy; Haplorhini/*psychology; Hominidae/*psychology; Humans; Learning; Models, Psychological; *Social Behavior; Stress, Psychological  
  Abstract Research on nonhuman primates has produced compelling evidence for reconciliation and consolation, that is, postconflict contacts that serve to respectively repair social relationships and reassure distressed individuals, such as victims of attack. This has led to a view of conflict and conflict resolution as an integrated part of social relationships, hence determined by social factors and modifiable by the social environment. Implications of this new model of social conflict are discussed along with evidence for behavioral flexibility, the value of cooperation, and the possibility that distress alleviation rests on empathy, a capacity that may be present in chimpanzees and humans but not in most other animals.  
  Address Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. dewaal@rmy.emory.edu  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0077-8923 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:9071360 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 2882  
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Author No authors listed openurl 
  Title Workshop on the geographic spread of Aedes albopictus in Europe and the concern among public health authorities. Proceedings of a workshop held at the Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy, 19-20 December 1994 Type Conference Article
  Year 1995 Publication Parassitologia Abbreviated Journal Parassitologia  
  Volume 37 Issue 2-3 Pages 87-90  
  Keywords (up) *Aedes/growth & development/parasitology/virology; African horse sickness virus; Animals; Commerce; Dengue Virus; Dirofilaria; Disease Reservoirs; Ecology; Europe; Humans; *Insect Vectors/growth & development/parasitology/virology; Italy; *Mosquito Control/methods/organization & administration; Public Health; Rift Valley fever virus  
  Abstract  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0048-2951 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:8778669 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2659  
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Author [No authors listed] doi  openurl
  Title African horse sickness--a serious disease Type
  Year 2006 Publication Australian Veterinary Journal Abbreviated Journal Aust Vet J  
  Volume 84 Issue 5 Pages N24-5  
  Keywords (up) *African Horse Sickness/epidemiology/pathology/prevention & control/transmission; African horse sickness virus/pathogenicity; Animals; Australia/epidemiology; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control/veterinary; *Equidae; Horses; Vaccination/veterinary  
  Abstract  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0005-0423 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:16739521 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2356  
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Author Nicol, C.J.; Potzsch, C.; Lewis, K.; Green, L.E. openurl 
  Title Matched concurrent case-control study of risk factors for feather pecking in hens on free-range commercial farms in the UK Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication British poultry science Abbreviated Journal Br Poult Sci  
  Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 515-523  
  Keywords (up) *Aggression; Analysis of Variance; Animal Husbandry/methods; Animals; Case-Control Studies; Chickens/*physiology; Feathers; Female; Multivariate Analysis; Odds Ratio; Regression Analysis; Species Specificity  
  Abstract 1. The aim of the study was to compare the management and husbandry of free-range flocks in the UK where feather pecking was either present (case) or absent (control). 2. One hundred flocks were enrolled into a concurrent case-control study: 50 where birds had recently started feather pecking, and 50 matched control flocks where birds of the same age had not started feather pecking. 3. Information was obtained from a detailed interview with the flock manager, and by direct inspection of the flock, house and range. 4. Initial univariate analyses revealed that case flocks were more likely to comprise ISA Brown than Lohmann, were more likely to be restricted from litter areas to prevent floor eggs, and were less likely to use the outside range. 5. Cluster analysis indicated that feather pecking was not associated with any particular husbandry system. 6. The only influential risk factor significant in the multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis was use of the outdoor range. The risk of feather pecking was reduced 9-fold in flocks where more than 20% of birds used the range on sunny days (odds ratio = 0.12). Use of the range was positively associated with the presence of trees and/or hedges on the range.  
  Address Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, England. c.j.nicol@bris.ac.uk  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0007-1668 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:14584840 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 79  
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Author Johnstone, R.A. doi  openurl
  Title Eavesdropping and animal conflict Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Abbreviated Journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.  
  Volume 98 Issue 16 Pages 9177-9180  
  Keywords (up) *Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Conflict (Psychology); Models, Theoretical  
  Abstract Fights between pairs of animals frequently take place within a wider social context. The displays exchanged during conflict, and the outcome of an encounter, are often detectable by individuals who are not immediately involved. In at least some species, such bystanders are known to eavesdrop on contests between others, and to modify their behavior toward the contestants in response to the observed interaction. Here, I extend Maynard Smith's well known model of animal aggression, the Hawk-Dove game, to incorporate the possibility of eavesdroppers. I show that some eavesdropping is favored whenever the cost of losing an escalated fight exceeds the value of the contested resource, and that its equilibrium frequency is greatest when costs are relatively high. Eavesdropping reduces the risk of escalated conflict relative to that expected by chance, given the level of aggression in the population. However, it also promotes increased aggression, because it enhances the value of victory. The net result is that escalated conflicts are predicted to occur more frequently when eavesdropping is possible.  
  Address Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom. raj1003@hermes.cam.ac.uk  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0027-8424 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:11459936 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 497  
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Author Earley, R.L.; Dugatkin, L.A. doi  openurl
  Title Eavesdropping on visual cues in green swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri) fights: a case for networking Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society Abbreviated Journal Proc Biol Sci  
  Volume 269 Issue 1494 Pages 943-952  
  Keywords (up) *Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Cyprinodontiformes; Female; Male  
  Abstract Aggressive contests probably occur in networking environments where information about fighting ability is conveyed both to an opponent and to individuals peripheral to the fight itself, the bystanders. Our primary aim was to investigate the relative influences of eavesdropping and prior social experience on the dynamics of aggressive contests in Xiphophorus helleri. A bystander's ability to witness an encounter was manipulated using clear, one-way mirror, and opaque partitions. After watching (or not watching) the initial contest, the bystander encountered either the winner or loser of the bout. Treatment comparisons of bystander-winner or bystander-loser contest dynamics indicated the presence or absence of winner, loser, or eavesdropping effects. Winner and loser effects had negligible influences on bystander contest dynamics. Eavesdropping significantly reduced the bystander's propensity to initiate aggression, escalate, and win against seen winners regardless of whether the watched bout had escalated or not. Though eavesdropping had relatively little effect on bystander-loser contest dynamics, bystanders were less prone to initiate aggression and win against losers that had escalated in the witnessed bout. Thus, bystanders appear to preferentially retain and utilize information gained about potentially dangerous opponents (winners or persistent losers). Our data lend clear support for the importance of eavesdropping in visually based aggressive signalling systems.  
  Address Department of Biology, Life Science, Room 139, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA. rlearl01@athena.louisville.edu  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0962-8452 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:12028778 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 498  
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Author Burden, F.; Trawford, A. openurl 
  Title Equine interspecies aggression Comment on Type
  Year 2006 Publication The Veterinary record Abbreviated Journal Vet. Rec.  
  Volume 159 Issue 25 Pages 859-860  
  Keywords (up) *Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cats; Dogs; Equidae  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0042-4900 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:17172484 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1777  
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Author Macholc, E.J.A. openurl 
  Title Equine interspecies aggression Type
  Year 2006 Publication The Veterinary record Abbreviated Journal Vet. Rec.  
  Volume 159 Issue 24 Pages 824  
  Keywords (up) *Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Chickens; Ducks; *Horses; Species Specificity  
  Abstract  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0042-4900 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:17158722 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1778  
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Author Dow, M.; Ewing, A.W.; Sutherland, I. openurl 
  Title Studies on the behaviour of cyprinodont fish. III. The temporal patterning of aggression in Aphyosemion striatum (Boulenger) Type Journal Article
  Year 1976 Publication Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Behaviour  
  Volume 59 Issue 3-4 Pages 252-268  
  Keywords (up) *Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Dominance-Subordination; *Fishes; Humans; Individuality; *Killifishes; Male; Time Factors  
  Abstract  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0005-7959 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:1035107 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4151  
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