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Author |
Cheung, C.; Akiyama, T.E.; Ward, J.M.; Nicol, C.J.; Feigenbaum, L.; Vinson, C.; Gonzalez, F.J. |
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Title |
Diminished hepatocellular proliferation in mice humanized for the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Cancer research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Cancer Res |
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Volume |
64 |
Issue  |
11 |
Pages |
3849-3854 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology; Carcinogens/pharmacology; Cell Division; DNA Replication/drug effects; Fatty Acids/metabolism; Hepatocytes/cytology/drug effects/metabolism/*physiology; Humans; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxisome Proliferators/pharmacology; Pyrimidines/pharmacology; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics/*physiology; Species Specificity; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology |
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Abstract |
Lipid-lowering fibrate drugs function as agonists for the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). Sustained activation of PPARalpha leads to the development of liver tumors in rats and mice. However, humans appear to be resistant to the induction of peroxisome proliferation and the development of liver cancer by fibrate drugs. The molecular basis of this species difference is not known. To examine the mechanism determining species differences in peroxisome proliferator response between mice and humans, a PPARalpha-humanized mouse line was generated in which the human PPARalpha was expressed in liver under control of the tetracycline responsive regulatory system. The PPARalpha-humanized and wild-type mice responded to treatment with the potent PPARalpha ligand Wy-14643 as revealed by induction of genes encoding peroxisomal and mitochondrial fatty acid metabolizing enzymes and resultant decrease of serum triglycerides. However, surprisingly, only the wild-type mice and not the PPARalpha-humanized mice exhibited hepatocellular proliferation as revealed by elevation of cell cycle control genes, increased incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine into hepatocyte nuclei, and hepatomegaly. These studies establish that following ligand activation, the PPARalpha-mediated pathways controlling lipid metabolism are independent from those controlling the cell proliferation pathways. These findings also suggest that structural differences between human and mouse PPARalpha are responsible for the differential susceptibility to the development of hepatocarcinomas observed after treatment with fibrates. The PPARalpha-humanized mice should serve as models for use in drug development and human risk assessment and to determine the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis of peroxisome proliferators. |
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Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA |
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0008-5472 |
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PMID:15172993 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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74 |
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Author |
Valova, G.P.; Mefod'ev, V.V. |
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Title |
[Specific features of an epidemic process in leptospiroses in northern conditions in Western Siberia] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1972 |
Publication |
Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii, i Immunobiologii |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol |
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Volume |
49 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
138-145 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Bird Diseases/epidemiology; Birds; Carnivora; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology; Dog Diseases/epidemiology; Dogs; Ecology; Foxes; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses; Humans; Insectivora; Leptospirosis/*epidemiology/veterinary; Mice; Rats; Reindeer; Rodent Diseases/epidemiology; Rodentia; Sheep; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology; Siberia |
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Russian |
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Nekotorye spetsificheskie cherty epidemicheskogo protsessa pri leptospirozakh v usloviiakh Severa v Zapadnoi Sibiri |
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0372-9311 |
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PMID:4645851 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2718 |
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Selby, L.A.; Marienfeld, C.J.; Pierce, J.O. |
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Title |
The effects of trace elements on human and animal health |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1970 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
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Volume |
157 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1800-1808 |
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Keywords |
Anemia, Hypochromic/veterinary; Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Artiodactyla/*physiology; Chemistry; Cobalt/analysis/metabolism; Copper/analysis/metabolism; Deficiency Diseases/veterinary; Dogs/*physiology; Ecology; Horses/*physiology; Humans; Iodine/analysis/metabolism; Iron/analysis/metabolism; Manganese/analysis/metabolism; Nutritional Requirements; Selenium/metabolism; Trace Elements/*metabolism; Zinc/analysis/metabolism |
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0003-1488 |
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PMID:4922190 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2733 |
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Author |
Romano, N.; Vitale, F.; Alesi, D.R.; Bonura, F.; La Licata, R.; Intonazzo, V.; Dardanoni, G.; Mammina, C. |
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The changing pattern of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in intravenous drug users. Results of a six-year seroprevalence study in Palermo, Italy |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
American Journal of Epidemiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Epidemiol |
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Volume |
135 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1189-1196 |
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Keywords |
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology; Adolescent; Adult; Chi-Square Distribution; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; HIV Antibodies/blood; HIV Infections/*epidemiology; HIV Seroprevalence/*trends; *Hiv-1; Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood; Heroin; Humans; Incidence; Italy/epidemiology; Logistic Models; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*epidemiology; Time Factors |
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A cross-sectional seroepidemiologic study was carried out between 1985 and 1990 in 1,567 heterosexual intravenous drug users who had been seen at the AIDS Regional Reference Center in Palermo, Italy, to evaluate the rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroprevalence in this group and its long-term trend. Sixty serum samples collected from drug users in 1980 and 1983, before the founding of the Center (1985), were tested as well. Some demographic and behavioral risk factors were studied in a subgroup of intravenous drug users enrolled in 1985, 1987, and 1990 for their possible association with HIV-1. These factors were also studied in relation to hepatitis B virus infection, since both viruses share the same modes of spread. These drug users had a higher prevalence of markers for hepatitis B virus than of HIV-1 antibodies, and the prevalence rates in sera collected declined over time for both infections. The presence of both antibodies to HIV-1 and markers for hepatitis B virus was independently associated with the age of the drug user, the duration of drug use, and the year of serum collection. Antibodies to HIV-1 were observed more frequently in females than in males. No relation was found between education or employment status and the presence of HIV-1 antibodies or hepatitis B virus markers. Although new HIV-1 infections still occur, the decline in seroprevalence observed at the end of the 1980s might be related to modifications in social behavior among newer drug users, partial exhaustion of the susceptible population, and increasing risk awareness in more experienced users. |
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Giuseppe D'Alessandro Department of Hygiene and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Italy |
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0002-9262 |
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PMID:1626537 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5258 |
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Author |
Massen, J.; Sterck, E.; de Vos, H. |
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Title |
Close social associations in animals and humans: functions and mechanisms of friendship |
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2010 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
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147 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1379 |
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Both humans and group-living animals associate and behave affiliatively more with some individuals than others. Human friendship has long been acknowledged, and recently scientists studying animal behaviour have started using the term friendship for close social associates in animals. Yet, while biologists describe friends as social tools to enhance fitness, social scientists describe human friendship as unconditional. We investigate whether these different descriptions reflect true differences in human friendship and animal close social associations or are a by-product of different research approaches: namely social scientists focussing on proximate and biologists on ultimate explanations. We first stress the importance of similar measures to determine close social associations, thereafter examine their ultimate benefits and proximate motivations, and discuss the latest findings on the central-neural regulation of social bonds. We conclude that both human friendship and animal close social associations are ultimately beneficial. On the proximate level, motivations for friendship in humans and for close social associations in animals are not necessarily based on benefits and are often unconditional. Moreover, humans share with many animals a similar physiological basis of sociality. Therefore, biologists and social scientist describe the same phenomenon, and the use of the term friendship for animals seems justified. |
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Both humans and group-living animals associate and behave affiliatively more with some individuals than others. Human friendship has long been acknowledged, and recently scientists studying animal behaviour have started using the term friendship for close social associates in animals. Yet, while biologists describe friends as social tools to enhance fitness, social scientists describe human friendship as unconditional. We investigate whether these different descriptions reflect true differences in human friendship and animal close social associations or are a by-product of different research approaches: namely social scientists focussing on proximate and biologists on ultimate explanations. We first stress the importance of similar measures to determine close social associations, thereafter examine their ultimate benefits and proximate motivations, and discuss the latest findings on the central-neural regulation of social bonds. We conclude that both human friendship and animal close social associations are ultimately beneficial. On the proximate level, motivations for friendship in humans and for close social associations in animals are not necessarily based on benefits and are often unconditional. Moreover, humans share with many animals a similar physiological basis of sociality. Therefore, biologists and social scientist describe the same phenomenon, and the use of the term friendship for animals seems justified. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5813 |
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Author |
Kida, H. |
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Title |
[Ecology of influenza viruses in animals and the mechanism of emergence of new pandemic strains] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Nippon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nippon Rinsho |
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Volume |
55 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
2521-2526 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Bird Diseases/transmission; Birds; Horse Diseases/transmission; Horses; Humans; Influenza, Human/transmission/*veterinary; Swine; Swine Diseases/transmission; Zoonoses |
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Ecological studies on influenza viruses revealed that the hemagglutinin genes are introduced into new pandemic strains from viruses circulating in migratory ducks through domestic ducks and pigs in southern China. Experimental infection of pigs with 38 avian influenza virus strains with H1-H13 hemagglutinins showed that at least one strain of each HA subtype replicated in the upper respiratory tract of pigs. Co-infection of pigs with a swine virus and with an avian virus generated reassortant viruses. The results indicate that avian viruses of any subtype can contribute genes in the generation of reassortants. Virological surveillance revealed that influenza viruses in waterfowl reservoir are perpetuated year-by-year in the frozen lake water while ducks are absent. |
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Department of Disease Control, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine |
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Japanese |
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0047-1852 |
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PMID:9360367 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2654 |
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Author |
Alexander, D.J. |
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Ecological aspects of influenza A viruses in animals and their relationship to human influenza: a review |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
J R Soc Med |
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75 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
799-811 |
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Animals; *Animals, Domestic; Bird Diseases/transmission; Birds; Disease Outbreaks; Ecology; Horse Diseases/transmission; Horses; Humans; Influenza A virus/genetics/isolation & purification; Influenza, Human/microbiology/*transmission/veterinary; Swine; Swine Diseases/transmission; Zoonoses/transmission |
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0141-0768 |
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PMID:6752410 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2689 |
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Baudry, L.; Leroy, D.; Chollet, D. |
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The effect of combined self- and expert-modelling on the performance of the double leg circle on the pommel horse |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of Sports Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Sports Sci |
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24 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1055-1063 |
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Adolescent; Analysis of Variance; Child; *Expert Testimony; Feedback; Gymnastics/*physiology; Humans; *Leg/physiology; Movement/physiology; Physical Education and Training; Posture/physiology; Range of Motion, Articular/physiology; Retention (Psychology); *Video Recording |
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In this study, we investigated whether video modelling can enhance gymnasts' performance of the circle on a pommel horse. The procedure associated expert-modelling with self-modelling and quantitative performance analysis. Sixteen gymnasts were randomly assigned to one of two groups: (1) a modelling group, which received expert- and self-modelling, and performance feedback, or (2) a control group, which received no feedback. After five sessions of training, an analysis of variance with repeated measures indicated that the gains in the back, entry, front, and exit phases of the circle were greater for the modelling group than for the control group. During the training sessions, the gymnasts in the modelling group improved their body segmental alignment during the back phase more quickly than during the other phases. As predicted, although both groups performed the same number of circles (300 in 5 days, with 10 sequences of 6 circles), the modelling group improved their body segmental alignment more than the control group. It thus appears that immediate video modelling can help to correct complex sports movements such as the circle performed on the pommel horse. However, its effectiveness seemed to be dependent on the complexity of the phase. |
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CETAPS Laboratory, UPRES EA 3832, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Rouen University, Mont-Saint Aignan, France. ludovic_baudry@yahoo.fr |
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0264-0414 |
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PMID:17115520 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4026 |
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Pepperberg, I.M. |
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In search of king Solomon's ring: cognitive and communicative studies of Grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Brain, behavior and evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Brain Behav Evol |
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59 |
Issue |
1-2 |
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54-67 |
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*Animal Communication; Animals; Attention/physiology; Cognition/*physiology; Cues; Form Perception/physiology; Humans; Intelligence; Learning/physiology; Male; Models, Psychological; Parrots/*physiology; Psychomotor Performance/physiology; Reward; Social Behavior |
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During the past 24 years, I have used a modeling technique (M/R procedure) to train Grey parrots to use an allospecific code (English speech) referentially; I then use the code to test their cognitive abilities. The oldest bird, Alex, labels more than 50 different objects, 7 colors, 5 shapes, quantities to 6, 3 categories (color, shape, material) and uses 'no', 'come here', wanna go X' and 'want Y' (X and Y are appropriate location or item labels). He combines labels to identify, request, comment upon or refuse more than 100 items and to alter his environment. He processes queries to judge category, relative size, quantity, presence or absence of similarity/difference in attributes, and show label comprehension. He semantically separates labeling from requesting. He thus exhibits capacities once presumed limited to humans or nonhuman primates. Studies on this and other Greys show that parrots given training that lacks some aspect of input present in M/R protocols (reference, functionality, social interaction) fail to acquire referential English speech. Examining how input affects the extent to which parrots acquire an allospecific code may elucidate mechanisms of other forms of exceptional learning: learning unlikely in the normal course of development but that can occur under certain conditions. |
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The MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, Mass. 02139, USA. impepper@media.mit.edu |
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0006-8977 |
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PMID:12097860 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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579 |
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Giangaspero, A.; Traversa, D.; Otranto, D. |
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[Ecology of Thelazia spp. in cattle and their vectors in Italy] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Parassitologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Parassitologia |
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Volume |
46 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
257-259 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Cattle/parasitology; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology/*parasitology/transmission; Disease Transmission, Horizontal; Dog Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology/transmission; Dogs/parasitology; Ecosystem; Eye Infections, Parasitic/epidemiology/transmission/*veterinary; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology/transmission; Horses/parasitology; Humans; Insect Vectors/*parasitology; Italy/epidemiology; Muscidae/*parasitology; Species Specificity; Spirurida Infections/epidemiology/transmission/*veterinary; Thelazioidea/classification/*isolation & purification |
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Abstract |
The genus Thelazia (Spirurida, Thelaziidae) includes a cosmopolitan group of eyeworm spirurids responsible for ocular infections in domestic and wild animals and transmitted by different species of muscids. Bovine thelaziosis is caused by Thelazia rhodesi Desmarest 1828, Thelazia gulosa Railliet & Henry 1910, and Thelazia skrjabini Erschow 1928, which occur in many countries; T. gulosa and T. skrjabini have been reported mainly in the New World, while T. rhodesi is particularly common in the Old World. In Italy, T. rhodesi was reported in southern regions a long time ago and, recently, T. gulosa and T. skrjabini have been identified in autochthonous cattle first in Apulia and then in Sardinia. Thirteen species of Musca are listed as intermediate hosts of eyeworms, but only Musca autumnalis and Musca larvipara have been demonstrated to act as vectors of Thelazia in the ex-URSS, North America, ex-Czechoslovakia and more recently in Sweden. In Italy, after the reports of T. gulosa and T. skrjabini in southern regions, the intermediate hosts of bovine eyeworms were initially only suspected as the predominant secretophagous Muscidae collected from the periocular region of cattle with thelaziosis were the face flies, M. autumnalis and M. larvipara, followed by Musca osiris, Musca tempestiva and Musca domestica. The well-known constraints in the identification of immature eyeworms to species by fly dissection and also the time-consuming techniques used constitute important obstacles to epidemiological field studies (i.e. vector identification and/or role, prevalence and pattern of infection in flies, etc.). Molecular studies have recently permitted to further investigations into this area. A PCR-RFLP analysis of the ribosomal ITS-1 sequence was developed to differentiate the 3 species of Thelazia (i.e. T. gulosa, T. rhodesi and T. skrjabini) found in Italy, then a molecular epidemiological survey has recently been carried out in field conditions throughout five seasons of fly activity and has identified the role of M. autumnalis, M. larvipara, M. osiris and M. domestica as vectors of T. gulosa and of M. autumnalis and M. larvipara of T. rhodesi. Moreover, M. osiris was described, for the first time, to act as a vector of T. gulosa and M. larvipara of T. gulosa and T. rhodesi. The mean prevalence in the fly population examined was found to be 2.86%. The molecular techniques have opened new perspectives for further research on the ecology and epidemiology not only of Thelazia in cattle but also of other autochthonous species of Thelazia which have been also recorded in Italy, such as Thelazia callipaeda, which is responsible for human and canid ocular infection and Thelazia lacrymalis, the horse eyeworm whose epidemiological molecular studies are in progress. |
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Dipartimento PR.I.M.E., Universita degli Studi di Foggia |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
Italian |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
Ecologia di Thelazia spp. e dei vettori in Italia |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0048-2951 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
PMID:15305729 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2633 |
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