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	Author	Alexander, F.; Davies, M.E.
	Title	Production and fermentation of lactate by bacteria in the alimentary canal of the horse and pig			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1963	Publication	Journal of comparative pathology	Abbreviated Journal	J Comp Pathol
	Volume	73	Issue		Pages	1-8
	Keywords	Fatty Acids; Intestines/microbiology; Lactates; Lactobacillus; Stomach; Urea; Veillonella; Fatty Acids; Intestinal Microorganisms; Lactates; Lactobacillus; Stomach; Urea; Veillonella
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-9975	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:14011947			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	120
Permanent link to this record



	Author	La Riviere, J.W.
	Title	Ecology of yeasts in the kefir grain			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1969	Publication	Antonie van Leeuwenhoek	Abbreviated Journal	Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
	Volume	35	Issue		Pages	Suppl:D15-6
	Keywords	Animals; Dairy Products; Food Microbiology; Horses; Lactobacillus/growth & development/isolation & purification; Mitosporic Fungi/growth & development/isolation & purification; Saccharomyces/*growth & development/isolation & purification; Symbiosis
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6072	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:5311957			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2741
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	Author	Aldridge, B.; Lescun, T.; Radcliffe, J.S.
	Title	Recent Molecular Advances in Equine Nutrition – from Test Tube to Practice			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	Proceedings of the 2. International Equine Science Meeting	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 2. Int. Equine. Sci. Mtg
	Volume	in press	Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Molecular Biology, Equine, Gut
	Abstract	The use of molecular techniques has increased our understanding of biological systems; in particular how genes and proteins operate within a cell or organ in response to various stimuli. These techniques can be used to study modes of action or mechanisms in disease states, or in response to applied management or nutritional changes. While applied and basic research are often conducted independent of one another, the real advantages to the equine industry will come from the use of molecular techniques to address applied challenges and/or opportunities within the industry. Therefore, the overall goal of our research has been to use basic and molecular tools to investigate modes of action resulting from changes in nutrition or management. We investigated active nutrient transport capacities of the small and large intestine, the effects of feed withdrawal on intestinal transporter gene expression and function, as well as other measurements pertaining to gut health (gut barrier function and gastrointestinal morphology). This novel and thorough approach to characterize sectional differences (fore- and hind- gut) of nutrient absorption has resulted in quantitative measures of active transport capacity for glucose, phosphorus, glutamine, lysine, and di-peptides in the horse. This research demonstrates that by-products of fermentation in the cecum such as microbial proteins and hydrolyzed phytate phosphorus, can be absorbed in the colon. Previously unidentified in the hindgut of the horse, we reported the expression of the di-and tri-peptide transporter, PepT1, as well as the neutral amino acid transporter, ASCT2, and transport of their substrates. We observed that nutrient transporters for glucose (SGLT1), glutamine (ASCT2) and for di-peptides (PepT1) can be regulated by diet, implying biological relevance to feeding management strategies. Feed withdrawal in horses pre- or post-surgery, prior to or during horse shows, during transport, or for other management reason is common. It is therefore important to understand how the removals of nutrients impacts gut health and/or disease susceptibility. The use of molecular techniques has provided a basis for the roles of certain core nutrients during times of feed withdrawal. For example, nutrients such as glutamine play a major role in proliferation and repair in the gut, serve as a major energy substrate, and may provide a means of assessing nutritional stress in the gut. Recent data concludes that following a feed withdrawal, the need for glutamine increases up to 116% in the proximal jejunum, and the gene expression of its transporter (ASCT2) increases by 78%. Additional studies utilizing molecular techniques to address nutritional challenges in the horse include how hormone loss due to ovariectomization impacts the homeostatic regulation of calcium and phosphorus in the horse. To improve nutrition and feeding management practices in horses, knowledge regarding how and where nutrients are absorbed, utilized and regulated under varying physiologic stressors (disease, exercise, reproductive status, etc.) is needed. The integration of applied and basic research facilitates a better and more complete understanding of mechanisms underlying common health and nutritional challenges facing the equine industry.
	Address
	Corporate Author	Aldridge, B.			Thesis
	Publisher	Xenophon Publishing	Place of Publication	Wald	Editor	Krueger, K.;
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-3-9808134-26	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5575
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Berger, A.
	Title	Evaluation of living conditions in free running animals by chronobiological analysis of continuously recorded behavioural data			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2015	Publication	Proceedings of the 3. International Equine Science Meeting	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. 3. Int. Equine. Sci. Mtg
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	non-invasive, stress detection, chronobiology, activity
	Abstract	We developed a biorhythmical method to assess behaviour patterns and to evaluate living conditions of animals. All kinds of continuous and equidistant long-term recordings of behaviour are suitable for this method. As simple behavioural parameters, such as motor activity, can be conveniently recorded by telemetry from wild animals now, it is possible to investigate stressors by analysing its biorhythmic structure. It is the purpose of this report to describe the basic idea, and the procedure, and to give some examples of application measured on Przewalski horses in an Semireserve.
	Address
	Corporate Author	Berger, A.			Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5880
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	Author	Palme, R.; Moestl, E.
	Title	Measurement of cortisol metabolites in faeces of sheep as a parameter of cortisol concentration in blood			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1997	Publication	Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde	Abbreviated Journal	J. Mammal. Biol.
	Volume	62	Issue		Pages	192-197
	Keywords	glucocorticoids, metabolites, animal biology, sheep, immunoenzyme techniques,
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6044
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	Author	Beveridge, W.I.
	Title	Unravelling the ecology of influenza A virus			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1993	Publication	History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences	Abbreviated Journal	Hist Philos Life Sci
	Volume	15	Issue	1	Pages	23-32
	Keywords	Animals; Bird Diseases/epidemiology/history/microbiology; Birds; Ecology; History, 20th Century; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/history/microbiology; Horses; Humans; Influenza A virus/isolation & purification; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/history/microbiology/veterinary; Swine; Swine Diseases/epidemiology/history/microbiology; Zoonoses/history
	Abstract	For 20 years after the influenza A virus was discovered in the early 1930s, it was believed to be almost exclusively a human virus. But in the 1950s closely related viruses were discovered in diseases of horses, pigs and birds. Subsequently influenza A viruses were found to occur frequently in many species of birds, particularly ducks, usually without causing disease. Researchers showed that human and animal strains can hybridise thus producing new strains. Such hybrids may be the cause of pandemics in man. Most pandemics have started in China or eastern Russia where many people are in intimate association with animals. This situation provides a breeding ground for new strains of influenza A virus.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0391-9714	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:8310117			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2667
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	Author	Crans, W.J.; McNelly, J.; Schulze, T.L.; Main, A.
	Title	Isolation of eastern equine encephalitis virus from Aedes sollicitans during an epizootic in southern New Jersey			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1986	Publication	Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association	Abbreviated Journal	J Am Mosq Control Assoc
	Volume	2	Issue	1	Pages	68-72
	Keywords	Aedes/microbiology; Alphavirus/isolation & purification; Animals; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary; Ecology; Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine/*isolation & purification; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/epidemiology/transmission/veterinary; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/transmission; Horses; Insect Vectors/microbiology; New Jersey
	Abstract	Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE) was isolated from the salt marsh mosquito, Aedes sollicitans, collected from coastal areas of New Jersey on 3 occasions during the late summer and fall of 1982. The isolations were made at a time when local Culiseta melanura were either undergoing a population increase or exhibiting high levels of EEE virus. Although no human cases were reported during the epizootic period, the data lend support to the hypothesis that Ae. sollicitans is capable of functioning as an epidemic vector in the coastal areas of New Jersey where human cases of EEE have been most common.
	Address	Mosquito Research and Control, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	8756-971X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:2853203			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2684
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	Author	Barton, M.D.; Hughes, K.L.
	Title	Ecology of Rhodococcus equi			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1984	Publication	Veterinary Microbiology	Abbreviated Journal	Vet Microbiol
	Volume	9	Issue	1	Pages	65-76
	Keywords	Actinomycetales/growth & development/immunology/isolation & purification; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Antigens, Bacterial/immunology; Artiodactyla/microbiology; Australia; Digestive System/microbiology; Ecology; Feces/microbiology; Horses/microbiology; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Rabbits/microbiology; *Soil Microbiology
	Abstract	A selective broth enrichment technique was used to study the distribution of Rhodococcus equi in soil and grazing animals. Rhodococcus equi was isolated from 54% of soils examined and from the gut contents, rectal faeces and dung of all grazing herbivorous species examined. Rhodococcus equi was not isolated from the faeces or dung of penned animals which did not have access to grazing. The isolation rate from dung was much higher than from other samples and this was found to be due to the ability of R. equi to multiply more readily in dung. Delayed hypersensitivity tests were carried out on horses, sheep and cattle, but only horses reacted significantly. The physiological characteristics of R. equi and the nature of its distribution in the environment suggested that R. equi is a soil organism.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0378-1135	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:6719819			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2688
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	Author	Lutta, A.S.
	Title	[Distribution and biology of Heptatoma pellucens in the Karelian ASSR (fam. Tabanidae)]			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1976	Publication	Parazitologiia	Abbreviated Journal	Parazitologiia
	Volume	10	Issue	1	Pages	53-55
	Keywords	Animals; Biology; *Diptera; Ecology; Female; Horses/parasitology; Larva; Russia
	Abstract	The analysis is given of the peculiarities of the distribution of the widely spread forest subspecies Heptatoma pellucens pellucens Fabr. in the northern part of its distribution area in Karelia. Some data on the biology of the larva of this subspecies are presented.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Russian	Summary Language		Original Title	K rasprostraneniiu i biologii Heptatoma pellucens v Karel'skoi ASSR (sem. Tabanidae)
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0031-1847	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:133320			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2701
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	Author	Sudia, W.D.; Fernandez, L.; Newhouse, V.F.; Sanz, R.; Calisher, C.H.
	Title	Arbovirus vector ecology studies in Mexico during the 1972 Venezuelan equine encephalitis outbreak			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1975	Publication	American Journal of Epidemiology	Abbreviated Journal	Am J Epidemiol
	Volume	101	Issue	1	Pages	51-58
	Keywords	Animals; Arboviruses/isolation & purification; Culicidae/microbiology; Disease Vectors/microbiology; Ecology; Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis/isolation & purification; Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/isolation & purification; Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine/isolation & purification; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/epidemiology/transmission/veterinary; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/transmission; Horses; Insect Vectors/microbiology; Mexico
	Abstract	Virus vector studies were conducted in the States of Durango, Chihuahua, and Tamaulipas, Mexico, in June and July 1972. Apparently only a low level of Venzuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus transmission to equines occured at the time of the study, and the infection was restricted to areas which had not experienced overt activity during the preceding year. The low level of infection was associated with a scarcity of mosquitoes. The IB (epidemic) strain of VEE virus was isolated from two pools of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (Theo.) and the blood of one symptomatic equine. The low mosquito population, the relatively few equine cases observed, and the absence of reports of VEE human disease from the outbreak area suggested VEE virus persistence through a low-level mosquito-equine transmission cycle. Other studies have already indicated that wild vertebrates play no more than a minor role in outbreaks of epidemic VEE. Mosquito collections made in areas of the states of Durango, Chihuahua, and Tamaulipas, where considerable epidemic activity of VEE had occurred in 1971, failed to reveal evidence of VEE virus persistence. Twenty-nine ioslations of other arboviruses were also made in these studies: including 22 of St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLE), 2 of Flanders virus, 1 of Turlock virus, 1 of Trivittatus virus of the California Group, 1 of western equine encephalitis virus (VEE), and 2 (from Santa Rose) which possibly represent a hitherto unknown virus in the Bunyamwera Group. These are the first reports of SLE virus isolations from mosquitoes in Mexico, and the first demonstration of Trivittatus, VEE Turlock and Flanders viruses in Mexico from any source.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0002-9262	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:235213			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2706
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