| |
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
Rumbaugh, D.M.; Savage-Rumbaugh, S.; Hegel, M.T. |
|
| |
Title |
Summation in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
|
| |
Volume |
13 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
107-115 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; Choice Behavior; *Cognition; Male; *Mathematics; *Pan troglodytes; Visual Perception |
|
| |
Abstract |
In this research, we asked whether 2 chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) subjects could reliably sum across pairs of quantities to select the greater total. Subjects were allowed to choose between two trays of chocolates. Each tray contained two food wells. To select the tray containing the greater number of chocolates, it was necessary to sum the contents of the food wells on each tray. In experiments where food wells contained from zero to four chocolates, the chimpanzees chose the greater value of the summed wells on more than 90% of the trials. In the final experiment, the maximum number of chocolates assigned to a food well was increased to five. Choice of the tray containing the greater sum still remained above 90%. In all experiments, subjects reliably chose the greater sum, even though on many trials a food well on the “incorrect” tray held more chocolates than either single well on the “correct” tray. It was concluded that without any known ability to count, these chimpanzees used some process of summation to combine spatially separated quantities. Speculation regarding the basis for summation includes consideration of perceptual fusion of pairs of quantities and subitization. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN  |
0097-7403 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:3572305 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2785 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Sukhomlinov, B.F.; Korobov, V.N.; Gonchar, M.V.; Datsiuk, L.A.; Korzhev, V.A. |
|
| |
Title |
[Comparative analysis of the peroxidase activity of myoglobins in mammals] |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Zhurnal Evoliutsionnoi Biokhimii i Fiziologii |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zh Evol Biokhim Fiziol |
|
| |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
37-41 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Ecology; *Evolution; Kinetics; Mammals/*metabolism; Myoglobin/*metabolism; Peroxidases/*metabolism |
|
| |
Abstract |
Studies have been made on the peroxidase activity of metmyoglobins in animals from various ecological groups--the horse Equus caballus, cattle Bos taurus, beaver Castor fiber, otter Lutra lutra, mink Mustela vison and dog Canis familiaris. It was found that the level of this activity in diving animals depends on the duration of their diving, whereas in terrestrial species--on the strength of muscular contraction. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
Russian |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
Sravnitel'nyi analiz peroksidaznoi aktivnosti mioglobinov u mlekopitaiushchikh |
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0044-4529 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:3564776 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2681 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Enileeva, N.K. |
|
| |
Title |
[Ecological characteristics of horse stomach botflies in Uzbekistan] |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Parazitologiia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Parazitologiia |
|
| |
Volume |
21 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
577-579 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; Diptera/*physiology; Ecology; Female; Flight, Animal; Horses/*parasitology; Larva/physiology; Male; Population Dynamics; Uzbekistan |
|
| |
Abstract |
The paper describes the flight periods and dynamics of abundance of horse botflies, life span of females and males, effect of environmental factors on the activity of flies and their behaviour, potential fecundity of different species of botflies, duration of embryonal development, preservation of viability of larvae in egg membranes, localization of different stages of botflies in the host, and methods of their control. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
Russian |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
Ekologicheskie osobennosti zheludochnykh ovodov loshadei v Uzbekistane |
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0031-1847 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:2958767 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2680 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Terrace, H.S. |
|
| |
Title |
Chunking by a pigeon in a serial learning task |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
|
| |
Volume |
325 |
Issue |
7000 |
Pages |
149-151 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; Cognition/*physiology; Columbidae/*physiology; Feedback; Learning/*physiology; Male |
|
| |
Abstract |
A basic principle of human memory is that lists that can be organized into memorable 'chunks' are easier to remember. Memory span is limited to a roughly constant number of chunks and is to a large extent independent of the amount of informaton contained in each chunk. Depending on the ingenuity of the code used to integrate discrete items into chunks, one can substantially increase the number of items that can be recalled correctly. Newly developed paradigms for studying memory in non-verbal organisms allow comparison of the abilities of human and non-human subjects to memorize lists. Here I present two types of evidence that pigeons 'chunk' 5-element lists whose components (colours and achromatic geometric forms) are clustered into distinct groups. Those lists were learned twice as rapidly as a homogeneous list of colours or heterogeneous lists in which the elements are not clustered. The pigeons were also tested for knowledge of the order of two elements drawn from the 5-element lists. They responded in the correct order only to those subsets that contained a chunk boundary. Thus chunking can be studied profitably in animal subjects; the cognitive processes that allow an organism to form chunks do no presuppose linguistic competence. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0028-0836 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:3808071 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2792 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Deuel, N.R.; Lawrence, L.M. |
|
| |
Title |
Laterality in the gallop gait of horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Journal of biomechanics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Biomech |
|
| |
Volume |
20 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
645-649 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; *Functional Laterality; *Gait; Horses/*physiology; Kinesis |
|
| |
Abstract |
Bilateral asymmetry in gallop stride limb contact patterns of four Quarter Horse fillies was documented by high-speed cinematography. Horses were filmed with rider by two cameras simultaneously while galloping along a straightaway. Even though signaled for each gallop lead an equivalent number of times, horses frequently switched leads, selecting the left lead nearly twice as often as the right. Velocities and stride lengths were greater for the left lead than the right, but stride frequencies did not differ between leads. Velocity effects were partitioned out in limb contact data analysis to enable the determination of persistent gallop stride asymmetries. The contact duration for the trailing (right) fore limb on the left lead exceeded the contact duration for the trailing (left) fore limb on the right lead. Selecting the right fore limb as the trailing fore limb may have allowed horses to use it to withstand the greater stresses and caused them to preferentially gallop with the left fore limb leading. Laterality may have an important influence on equine gallop motion patterns and thereby influence athletic performance. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0021-9290 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:3611140 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
528 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Giraldeau, L.-A.; Lefebvre, L. |
|
| |
Title |
Scrounging prevents cultural transmission of food-finding behaviour in pigeons |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
|
| |
Volume |
35 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
387-394 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
Living in groups should promote the cultural transmission of a novel behaviour because opportunities for observing knowledgeable individuals are likely to be more numerous in this condition. However, in this study pigeons who shared the food discoveries of others (scroungers) did not learn the food-finding technique used by the discoverers (producers). Individually-caged pigeons prevented from scrounging easily learned the technique from a conspecific tutor. When caged pigeons obtained food from the tutor's performance, most naïve observers failed to learn. In a flock, scroungers selectively followed producers. In individual cages, scrounging during the tutor's demonstration was equivalent to getting no demonstration at all. This effect of scrounging did not interfere with subsequent acquisition of the food-finding behaviour when scrounging was no longer possible. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0003-3472 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5265 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Hardy, J.L. |
|
| |
Title |
The ecology of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in the Central Valley of California, 1945-1985 |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1987 |
Publication |
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Trop Med Hyg |
|
| |
Volume |
37 |
Issue |
3 Suppl |
Pages |
18s-32s |
|
| |
Keywords |
Aedes/microbiology; Animals; Birds; California; Culex/microbiology; Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine/*physiology; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/*history/microbiology/transmission/veterinary; History, 20th Century; Horse Diseases/history/transmission; Horses; Humans; Insect Vectors/microbiology; Mammals |
|
| |
Abstract |
Reeves' concept of the summer transmission cycle of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in 1945 was that the virus was amplified in a silent transmission cycle involving mosquitoes, domestic chickens, and possibly wild birds, from which it could be transmitted tangentially to and cause disease in human and equine populations. Extensive field and laboratory studies done since 1945 in the Central Valley of California have more clearly defined the specific invertebrate and vertebrate hosts involved in the basic virus transmission cycle, but the overall concept remains unchanged. The basic transmission cycle involves Culex tarsalis as the primary vector mosquito species and house finches and house sparrows as the primary amplifying hosts. Secondary amplifying hosts, upon which Cx. tarsalis frequently feeds, include other passerine species, chickens, and possibly pheasants in areas where they are abundant. Another transmission cycle that most likely is initiated from the Cx. tarsalis-wild bird cycle involves Aedes melanimon and the blacktail jackrabbit. Like humans and horses, California ground squirrels, western tree squirrels, and a few other wild mammal species become infected tangentially with the virus but do not contribute significantly to virus amplification. |
|
| |
Address |
Department of Biomedical and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley 94720 |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0002-9637 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:3318522 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2677 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Berger J, |
|
| |
Title |
Reproductive fates of dispersers in a harem-dwelling ungulate: the wild horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Mammalian Dispersal Patterns: The Effects of Social Structure on Population Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mammalian dispersal Patterns |
|
| |
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
41-54 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
Chepko-Sade, B.D. ; Halpin, Z.T. |
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
Mammalian Dispersal Patterns: The Effects of Social Structure on Population Genetics |
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
940 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Ginsberg, J.R. |
|
| |
Title |
Social behavior and mating strategies of an arid adapted equid: the Grevy's zebra. |
Type |
Manuscript |
| |
Year |
1987 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
|
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Prnceton |
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2295 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
GODFREY D et al, |
|
| |
Title |
Zebra stripes and tiger stripes: the special frequency distribution of the pattern compared to that of the background is significant in disply and crysis |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
1987 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol J Linnean Soc |
|
| |
Volume |
32 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
427-433 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
1116 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
