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Author |
Chase, I.D.; Bartolomeo, C.; Dugatkin, L.A. |
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Title |
Aggressive interactions and inter-contest interval: how long do winners keep winning? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
393-400 |
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Abstract |
Abstract. Considerable evidence across many taxa demonstrates that prior social experience affects the outcome of subsequent aggressive interactions. Although the 'loser effect', in which an individual losing one encounter is likely to lose the next, is relatively well understood, studies of the 'winner effect', in which winning one encounter increases the probability of winning the next, have produced mixed results. Earlier studies differ concerning whether a winner effect exists, and if it does, how long it lasts. The variation in results, however, may arise from different inter-contest intervals and procedures for selecting contestants employed across previous studies. These methodological differences are addressed through a series of experiments using randomly selected winners and three different inter-contest intervals in the pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus. The results indicate that a winner effect does in fact exist in pumpkinseed sunfish, but that it only lasts between 15 and 60 min. Based on these results, predictions about the behavioural dynamics of hierarchy formation are discussed, and it is suggested that it may be impossible, in principle, to predict the outcome of dominance interactions between some individuals before they are actually assembled to form a group. Finally, the possible mechanisms underlying the winner effect are explored. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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873 |
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Author |
Feh, C .; BOLDSUKH, T.; TOURENQ, C. |
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Title |
Are family groups in equids a response to cooperative hunting by predators? The case of Mongolian Kulans (Equus hemionus luteus Matschie) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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Revue d´ écologie (Terre et Vie) |
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Rev Ecol (Terre Vie) |
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49 |
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11-20 |
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1083 |
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Huber W, |
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Dokumentation der fünf bekannten Lebendaufnahmen vom Quagga,Equus quagga quagga Gmelin, 1788 (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Spixiana 17 |
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193-199 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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1208 |
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Ishida, N.; Hirano, T.; Mukoyama, H. |
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Detection of aberrant alleles in the D-loop region of equine mitochondrial DNA by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Genet |
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25 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
287 |
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*Alleles; Animals; Base Sequence; *DNA, Mitochondrial; DNA, Single-Stranded/genetics; Female; Gene Frequency; Genomic Imprinting; Horses/*genetics; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Pedigree; *Polymorphism, Genetic |
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Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Japan Racing Association, Tokyo |
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0268-9146 |
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PMID:7985852 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2213 |
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Author |
Stevens,J.A. |
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Title |
Zebras in Turmoil |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
International Wildlife |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int Wildl |
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24 |
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4-12 |
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0020-9112 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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1633 |
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McComb, K.; Clutton-Brock, T. |
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Title |
Is mate choice copying or aggregation responsible for skewed distributions of females on leks? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Biol Sci |
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Volume |
255 |
Issue |
1342 |
Pages |
13-19 |
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Animals; Deer/*physiology; Estrus/physiology; Female; Male; Phenotype; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Territoriality |
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Abstract |
In several lek-breeding populations of birds and mammals, females arriving on leks tend to join males that already have females in their territories. This might occur either because females have an evolved preference for mating with males that are attractive to other females, or because they join groups of other females to obtain greater safety from predation or dangerous harassment by males. We have previously used controlled experiments to show that oestrous fallow deer females join males with established harems because they are attracted to female groups rather than to the males themselves. Here we demonstrate that the preference for males with females over males without females is specific to oestrous females and weak or absent in anoestrous ones, and that it is not associated with a preference for mating with males that have previously been seen to mate with other females. Furthermore, oestrous females given the choice between males that do not already have females with them show no significant preference for antlered over deantlered males or for older males over younger ones. We conclude that female attraction to other females on the lek is likely to be an adaptation to avoiding harassment in mixed-sex herds. In this situation, a male's ability to maintain the cohesion of his harem may be the principal cause of variation in mating success between males. |
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Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, U.K |
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0962-8452 |
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PMID:8153135 |
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1823 |
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Author |
Witter, M.S.; Swaddle, J.P. |
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Title |
Fluctuating Asymmetries, Competition and Dominance |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
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Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. |
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256 |
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1347 |
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299-303 |
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Levels of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in the primary feathers of European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, have been shown to be sensitive to nutritional and energetic stress. Furthermore, between-individual variation in plumage FA has been found to be related to social dominance, even without social interactions during feather growth, with dominant birds exhibiting the highest levels of FA. Here we examine whether the relation between dominance and FA differs when birds are housed in social groups, under different degrees of competition for food, during moult. We reason that dominants should derive a greater benefit from their social status as competition for food increases. Our results support this proposition. The relation between dominance and FA differed significantly according to the degree of competition for food. However, in no cases did the dominants exhibit lower levels of FA than subdominants. When competition for food was low, dominants had higher levels of FA than subdominants. When competition for food was high, there was no systematic relation between dominance and FA. These results suggest that dominants may only derive a net benefit from their social status, under the circumstances of our experiment, during severe conditions of competition. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2203 |
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Author |
Bauer, I. E.; McMorrow, J. Yalden,; D. W. |
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Title |
The Historic Ranges of Three Equid Species in North-East Africa: A Quantitative Comparison of Environmental Tolerances |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Journal of Biogeography |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Biogeogr |
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21 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
169-182 |
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Abstract |
The historic ranges of three equid species native to north-east Africa are analysed with respect to annual rainfall, several temperature parameters and a satellite-derived multispectral index of primary productivity. Equus africanus Fitzinger, Equus grevyi Oustalet and Equus burchelli Gray used to largely replace each other, geographically, with narrow zones of range overlap occurring between E. africanus and E. grevyi in the Awash valley, and between E. grevyi and E. burchelli in southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya. The three species are shown to succeed each other along an environmental gradient. The position of each species on this gradient and the resulting location and extent of its range are discussed. Competitive exclusion, specific adaptations and historic events are likely determinants of equid distribution. In the area of sympatry between E. grevyi and E. burchelli, mixed habitat characters as well as environmental fluctuations seem to prevent either species from excluding the other. Different social organizations of E. grevyi and E. burchelli and the resulting migratory patterns may be adaptations to the environment in their allopatric ranges; in their sympatric range they could alleviate competition. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2222 |
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Author |
Breen, M.; Downs, P.; Irvin, Z.; Bell, K. |
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Title |
Intrageneric amplification of horse microsatellite markers with emphasis on the Przewalski's horse (E. przewalskii) |
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Journal Article |
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1994 |
Publication |
Animal Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Genet |
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25 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
401-405 |
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Animals; DNA, Satellite/*genetics; *Gene Amplification; Gene Frequency; *Genetic Markers; Heterozygote; Horses/*genetics; Species Specificity |
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Primer sequences flanking 13 microsatellite loci isolated from the domestic horse (E. caballus) were successfully used to amplify homologous loci in the Przewalski's horse (E. przewalskii). The results demonstrate that the level of polymorphism at all 13 loci in the Przewalski's horse was comparable to that in the domestic horse and the overall exclusion probability in the Przewalski's horse was calculated to be 0.9994. The results suggest that it should be possible to use E. caballus-derived microsatellite markers to provide parentage verification and additional valuable information to the captive management of E. przewalskii. The ability to amplify corresponding loci in the remaining five species of the genus was also confirmed, illustrating the general application of markers isolated from the domestic horse to the evaluation of polymorphism in the other six species of the genus. |
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Australian Equine Blood Typing Research Laboratory, University of Queensland, St Lucia |
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0268-9146 |
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PMID:7695120 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2246 |
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Author |
Burger, J.; Gochfeld. |
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Title |
Vigilance in African mammals: differences among mothers, other females, and males. |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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Volume |
131 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
153-169 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2252 |
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