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Author |
Zentall, S.S.; Zentall, T.R. |
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Title |
Activity and task performance of hyperactive children as a function of environmental stimulation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Journal of consulting and clinical psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Consult Clin Psychol |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
693-697 |
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Keywords |
Achievement; Acoustic Stimulation; *Arousal; Auditory Perception; Child; Humans; Hyperkinesis/*etiology; Photic Stimulation; Visual Perception |
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0022-006X |
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PMID:965541 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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272 |
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Author |
Skov-Rackette, S.I.; Miller, N.Y.; Shettleworth, S.J. |
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Title |
What-where-when memory in pigeons |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
345-358 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Columbidae; Conditioning, Operant/physiology; Memory/*physiology; Reinforcement (Psychology); Space Perception/*physiology; Spatial Behavior/physiology; Teaching; Visual Perception/physiology |
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Abstract |
The authors report a novel approach to testing episodic-like memory for single events. Pigeons were trained in separate sessions to match the identity of a sample on a touch screen, to match its location, and to report on the length of the retention interval. When these 3 tasks were mixed randomly within sessions, birds were more than 80% correct on each task. However, performance on 2 different tests in succession after each sample was not consistent with an integrated memory for sample location, time, and identity. Experiment 2 tested binding of location and identity memories in 2 different ways. The results were again consistent with independent feature memories. Implications for tests of episodic-like memory are discussed. |
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Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada |
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0097-7403 |
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Notes |
PMID:17044738 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
357 |
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Author |
Sutton, J.E.; Shettleworth, S.J. |
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Title |
Internal sense of direction and landmark use in pigeons (Columba livia) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
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Volume |
119 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
273-284 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Columbidae; Conflict (Psychology); *Cues; Discrimination Learning; Homing Behavior; *Intuition; *Orientation; *Space Perception; Transfer (Psychology); *Visual Perception |
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Abstract |
The relative importance of an internal sense of direction based on inertial cues and landmark piloting for small-scale navigation by White King pigeons (Columba livia) was investigated in an arena search task. Two groups of pigeons differed in whether they had access to visual cues outside the arena. In Experiment 1, pigeons were given experience with 2 different entrances and all pigeons transferred accurate searching to novel entrances. Explicit disorientation before entering did not affect accuracy. In Experiments 2-4, landmarks and inertial cues were put in conflict or tested 1 at a time. Pigeons tended to follow the landmarks in a conflict situation but could use an internal sense of direction to search when landmarks were unavailable. |
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Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada. jsutton7@uwo.ca |
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0735-7036 |
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PMID:16131256 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
360 |
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Author |
Sole, L.M.; Shettleworth, S.J.; Bennett, P.J. |
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Title |
Uncertainty in pigeons |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Psychonomic bulletin & review |
Abbreviated Journal |
Psychon Bull Rev |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
738-745 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; Columbidae; *Decision Making; Reinforcement (Psychology); Reward; Transfer (Psychology); Visual Perception |
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Abstract |
Pigeons classified a display of illuminated pixels on a touchscreen as sparse or dense. Correct responses were reinforced with six food pellets; incorrect responses were unreinforced. On some trials an uncertain response option was available. Pecking it was always reinforced with an intermediate number of pellets. Like monkeys and people in related experiments, the birds chose the uncertain response most often when the stimulus presented was difficult to classify correctly, but in other respects their behavior was not functionally similar to human behavior based on conscious uncertainty or to the behavior of monkeys in comparable experiments. Our data were well described by a signal detection model that assumed that the birds were maximizing perceived reward in a consistent way across all the experimental conditions. |
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University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
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1069-9384 |
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Notes |
PMID:14620372 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
366 |
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Author |
Sekuler, A.B.; Lee, J.A.; Shettleworth, S.J. |
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Title |
Pigeons do not complete partly occluded figures |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Perception |
Abbreviated Journal |
Perception |
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Volume |
25 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1109-1120 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Columbidae; *Visual Perception |
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Abstract |
One of the most common obstacles to object perception is the fact that objects often occlude parts of themselves and parts of other objects. Perceptual completion has been studied extensively in humans, and researchers have shown that humans do complete partly occluded objects. In an effort to understand more about the mechanisms underlying completion, recent research has extended the study of perceptual completion to other mammalian species. Monkeys and mice also seem to complete two-dimensional representations of partly occluded objects. The present study addresses the question of whether this capacity generalizes to a nonmammalian species, the pigeon (Columba livia). The results point to a limit of the generalizability of perceptual completion: pigeons do not complete partly occluded figures. |
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Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada |
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ISSN |
0301-0066 |
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Notes |
PMID:8983050 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
377 |
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Author |
Mrosovsky, N.; Shettleworth, S.J. |
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Title |
Further studies of the sea-finding mechanism in green turtle hatchlings |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
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Volume |
51 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
195-208 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Newborn/physiology; Contact Lenses; Locomotion; *Orientation; Retina/physiology; *Turtles/physiology; Visual Fields; *Visual Perception; Water |
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0005-7959 |
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Notes |
PMID:4447586 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
389 |
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Author |
Shettleworth, S.J. |
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Title |
Stimulus relevance in the control of drinking and conditioned fear responses in domestic chicks (Gallus gallus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1972 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative and physiological psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Physiol Psychol |
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Volume |
80 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
175-198 |
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Keywords |
Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; Auditory Perception; Chickens; *Conditioning (Psychology); Conditioning, Classical; Discrimination Learning; *Drinking Behavior; Electroshock; *Fear; *Light; Motor Activity; Photic Stimulation; Punishment; Quinine; *Sound; Taste; Visual Perception |
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0021-9940 |
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PMID:5047826 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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390 |
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Author |
Brauer, J.; Kaminski, J.; Riedel, J.; Call, J.; Tomasello, M. |
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Title |
Making inferences about the location of hidden food: social dog, causal ape |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
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Volume |
120 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
38-47 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Communication; Cues; Dogs; Exploratory Behavior; *Feeding Behavior; Female; *Food; Male; Pan paniscus; Pan troglodytes; *Visual Perception |
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Abstract |
Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) and great apes from the genus Pan were tested on a series of object choice tasks. In each task, the location of hidden food was indicated for subjects by some kind of communicative, behavioral, or physical cue. On the basis of differences in the ecologies of these 2 genera, as well as on previous research, the authors hypothesized that dogs should be especially skillful in using human communicative cues such as the pointing gesture, whereas apes should be especially skillful in using physical, causal cues such as food in a cup making noise when it is shaken. The overall pattern of performance by the 2 genera strongly supported this social-dog, causal-ape hypothesis. This result is discussed in terms of apes' adaptations for complex, extractive foraging and dogs' adaptations, during the domestication process, for cooperative communication with humans. |
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Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. jbraeuer@eva.mpg.de |
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Washington, D.C. : 1983 |
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0735-7036 |
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PMID:16551163 |
Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
597 |
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Author |
Lazareva, O.F.; Smirnova, A.A.; Bagozkaja, M.S.; Zorina, Z.A.; Rayevsky, V.V.; Wasserman, E.A. |
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Title |
Transitive responding in hooded crows requires linearly ordered stimuli |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Anal Behav |
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Volume |
82 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-19 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Association; Cognition/physiology; Crows; Discrimination (Psychology); *Discrimination Learning; Feedback; Reinforcement (Psychology); Visual Perception/physiology |
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Abstract |
Eight crows were taught to discriminate overlapping pairs of visual stimuli (A+ B-, B+ C-, C+ D-, and D+ E-). For 4 birds, the stimuli were colored cards with a circle of the same color on the reverse side whose diameter decreased from A to E (ordered feedback group). These circles were made available for comparison to potentially help the crows order the stimuli along a physical dimension. For the other 4 birds, the circles corresponding to the colored cards had the same diameter (constant feedback group). In later testing, a novel choice pair (BD) was presented. Reinforcement history involving stimuli B and D was controlled so that the reinforcement/nonreinforcement ratios for the latter would be greater than for the former. If, during the BD test, the crows chose between stimuli according to these reinforcement/nonreinforcement ratios, then they should prefer D; if they chose according to the diameter of the feedback stimuli, then they should prefer B. In the ordered feedback group, the crows strongly preferred B over D; in the constant feedback group, the crows' choice did not differ significantly from chance. These results, plus simulations using associative models, suggest that the orderability of the postchoice feedback stimuli is important for crows' transitive responding. |
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Institute of Higher Nervous Activity, Moscow State University. olga-lazareva@uiowa.edu |
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0022-5002 |
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PMID:15484868 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
612 |
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Author |
Biederman, G.B.; Robertson, H.A.; Vanayan, M. |
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Title |
Observational learning of two visual discriminations by pigeons: a within-subjects design |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Anal Behav |
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Volume |
46 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
45-49 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Attention; Columbidae; Conditioning, Operant; Cues; *Discrimination Learning; *Imitative Behavior; Male; Visual Perception |
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Abstract |
Pigeon's observational learning of successive visual discrimination was studied using within-subject comparisons of data from three experimental conditions. Two pairs of discriminative stimuli were used; each bird was exposed to two of the three experimental conditions, with different pairs of stimuli used in a given bird's two conditions. In one condition, observers were exposed to visual discriminative stimuli only. In a second condition, subjects were exposed to a randomly alternating sequence of two stimuli where the one that would subsequently be used as S+ was paired with the operation of the grain magazine. In a third experimental condition, subjects were exposed to the performance of a conspecific in the operant discrimination procedure. After exposures to conspecific performances, there was facilitation of discriminative learning, relative to that which followed exposures to stimulus and reinforcement sequences or exposures to stimulus sequences alone. Exposure to stimulus and food-delivery sequences enhanced performance relative to exposure to stimulus sequences alone. The differential effects of these three types of exposure were not attributable to order effects or to task difficulty; rather, they clearly were due to the type of exposure. |
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0022-5002 |
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PMID:3746187 |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
853 |
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