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Author |
de Waal, F.B.; Aureli, F.; Judge, P.G. |
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Title |
Coping with crowding |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Scientific American |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Am |
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Volume |
282 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
76-81 |
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Keywords |
*Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Emotions; Female; Grooming; Homicide; Humans; Macaca mulatta; Male; Pan troglodytes; *Population Density; Primates; Rodentia; Rural Population; Territoriality; Urban Population; Violence |
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Living Links Center, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Atlanta, USA |
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0036-8733 |
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PMID:11056991 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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184 |
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Author |
de Waal, F.B. |
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Title |
Macaque social culture: development and perpetuation of affiliative networks |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
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Volume |
110 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
147-154 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Dominance-Subordination; Female; Macaca mulatta/*psychology; Male; Maternal Behavior; *Peer Group; Sexual Behavior, Animal; *Social Behavior; Social Distance; *Social Environment |
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Abstract |
Maternal affiliative relations may be transmitted to offspring, similar to the way in which maternal rank determines offspring rank. The development of 23 captive female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was followed from the day of birth until adulthood. A multivariate analysis compared relations among age peers with affiliative relations, kinship, and rank distance among mothers. Maternal relations were an excellent predictor of affiliative relations among daughters, explaining up to 64% of the variance. Much of this predictability was due to the effect of kinship. However, after this variable had been controlled, significant predictability persisted. For relations of female subjects with male peers, on the other hand, maternal relations had no significant predictive value beyond the effect of kinship. One possible explanation of these results is that young rhesus females copy maternal social preferences through a process of cultural learning. |
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Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. dewaal@rmy.emory.edu |
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0735-7036 |
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Notes |
PMID:8681528 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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204 |
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Author |
Corr, J.A. |
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Title |
Nuns and monkeys: investigating the behavior of our oldest old |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Science of Aging Knowledge Environment : SAGE KE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Aging Knowledge Environ |
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Volume |
2004 |
Issue |
41 |
Pages |
pe38 |
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Keywords |
Aged; Aged, 80 and over/*physiology; Aging/*physiology; Animals; Behavior/*physiology; Humans; Macaca mulatta |
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Abstract |
The use of nonhuman primates, particularly rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), as the best model for human physiological and cognitive aging is broadly accepted. Studies employing nonhuman primates to investigate behavioral changes that may occur with increasing age, however, are not common mostly because of the unavailability of appropriate subjects. Recent longitudinal human studies suggest that individual personality might play a large role in aging “successfully” and in the retention of high levels of cognition into old age. As a result of the demographic trend of increasing numbers of aged monkeys and apes in captivity, an opportunity exists to further investigate behavioral aging using the monkey model. |
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Department of Anthropology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401, USA. corrj@gvsu.edu |
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1539-6150 |
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PMID:15483334 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2828 |
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Author |
Cook, M.; Mineka, S.; Wolkenstein, B.; Laitsch, K. |
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Title |
Observational conditioning of snake fear in unrelated rhesus monkeys |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Journal of abnormal psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Abnorm Psychol |
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Volume |
94 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
591-610 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Conditioning, Classical; *Fear; Female; Macaca mulatta; Male; Snakes |
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0021-843X |
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PMID:4078162 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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707 |
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Author |
Coleman, K.; Tully, L.A.; McMillan, J.L. |
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Title |
Temperament correlates with training success in adult rhesus macaques |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
American journal of primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Primatol. |
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Volume |
65 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
63-71 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Female; *Inhibition (Psychology); *Learning; Macaca mulatta/*psychology; *Reinforcement (Psychology); *Temperament |
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Abstract |
In recent years there has been a marked increase in awareness of issues involving the psychological well-being of nonhuman primates (NHPs) used in biomedical research. As a result, many facilities are starting to train primates to voluntarily cooperate with veterinary, husbandry, and research procedures, such as remaining still for blood draws or injections. Such training generally reduces the stress associated with these procedures, resulting in calmer animals and, ultimately, better research models. However, such training requires great investments in time, and there can be vast individual differences in training success. Some animals learn tasks quickly, while others make slower progress in training. In this study, we examined whether temperament, as measured by response to a novel food object, correlated with the amount of time it took to train 20 adult female rhesus macaques to perform a simple task. The monkeys were categorized as “exploratory” (i.e., inspected a novel object placed in the home cage within 10 sec), “moderate” (i.e., inspected the object within 10-180 sec), or “inhibited” (i.e., did not inspect the object within 3 min). We utilized positive reinforcement techniques to train the monkeys to touch a target (PVC pipe shaped like an elbow) hung on their cage. Temperament correlated with training success in this study (Pearson chi2=7.22, df=2, P=0.03). We easily trained over 75% of the animals that inspected the novel food (i.e., exploratory or moderate individuals) to touch the target. However, only 22% of the inhibited monkeys performed the task. By knowing which animals may not respond to conventional training methods, we may be able to develop alternate training techniques to address their specific needs. In addition, these results will allow us to screen monkeys to be assigned to research projects in which they will be trained, with the goal of obtaining the best candidates for those studies. |
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Address |
Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA. colemank@ohsu.edu |
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0275-2565 |
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Notes |
PMID:15645460 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4112 |
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Author |
Capitanio, J.P.; Widaman, K.F. |
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Title |
Confirmatory factor analysis of personality structure in adult male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
American journal of primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Primatol. |
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Volume |
65 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
289-294 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Macaca mulatta/*psychology; Male; *Personality; Psychometrics; Social Behavior |
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Abstract |
Reports from different laboratories have suggested that nonhuman primates have somewhat similar dimensions of personality. To date, however, no attempts have been made to statistically replicate a specific factor structure. In the present report, two independent observers recorded the behavior of 58 adult male rhesus monkeys, and then rated the animals with the use of a 50-item personality instrument. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the ratings resulted in the replication of a previously described four-factor personality structure [Maninger et al., American Journal of Primatology 61:73-83, 2003]. The first two dimensions-Sociability and Confidence-showed strong loadings and are similar to Affiliation and Agency dimensions in humans. The remaining dimensions-Equability and Irritability-were less clear, and it is possible that additional traits will have to be identified before a more robust structure can be established for these dimensions. |
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Address |
Department of Psychology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA. jpcapitanio@ucdavis.edu |
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0275-2565 |
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PMID:15772988 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4111 |
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Author |
Capitanio, J.P. |
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Title |
Personality dimensions in adult male rhesus macaques: prediction of behaviors across time and situation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
American journal of primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Primatol. |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
299-320 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Forecasting; Macaca mulatta/*psychology; Male; *Personality; Psychometrics; Social Behavior |
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Abstract |
The idea that consistencies in behavior exist over time and across situations underlies human personality research. Although several studies have examined personality in nonhuman primates, there are very few data showing the predictive power of personality factors. The goal of the present study was to determine whether personality dimensions, identified in adult male rhesus monkeys living in half-acre cages, predicted behavior in situations different from the one from which the dimensions were originally derived and at time points of up to 4.5 years after the original assessments. Four personality dimensions (Sociability, Confidence, Excitability, and Equability) were identified using psychometric procedures and were correlated with behaviors recorded in several situations: the animals' natal groups, during tests of behavioral responsiveness while in individual cages, in small stable and unstable social groups, while viewing stimulus videotapes, and during stable social dyads. Results indicated substantial predictability. Sociability reflected a greater tendency to engage in affiliative interactions. Confidence correlated with more aggressive behaviors and with behaviors that suggest less attractiveness. Animals high in Excitability were somewhat inconsistent in their social behavior, perhaps reflecting hyper-responsiveness to novel circumstances and thwarted opportunities for escape. Equability appeared to be related to a less aggressive, more passive, style of interaction. Excitability and Equability appear to reflect more stylistic components of social behavior, whereas Sociability and Confidence may be more content-based dimensions. Sociability was strongly related to size of kin network in the animals' natal groups, suggesting an important role for ontogeny in this dimension. These data suggest that a limited number of personality dimensions exist in adult male rhesus macaques, and that these dimensions have predictive power that is both long-term and cross situational. |
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Department of Psychology and California Regional Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis 95616, USA. jpcapitanio@ucdavis.edu |
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0275-2565 |
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PMID:10206208 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4116 |
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Author |
Brennan, J.; Anderson, J. |
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Title |
Varying responses to feeding competition in a group of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
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29 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
353-360 |
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Keywords |
Macaca mulatta – Dominance – Feeding – Agonistic behaviour – Snakes |
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Abstract |
The behaviour of members of a group of rhesus monkeys was observed in experimentally created, competitive feeding situations. Socially dominant members of the group tended to start eating before lower-ranking subjects, and generally ate more. Dominants sometimes used aggression to control access to food, but overall, intermediate-ranking monkeys were involved in most agonistic episodes. Non-dominant subjects improved their feeding performance when food was presented in three piles rather than one pile, often by snatching food and consuming it away from the pile. These general patterns were less evident when realistic snake models were placed on some of the food piles. Feeding was disrupted by the presence of snakes, but notably, subordinates risked feeding in these conditions. Piles containing preferred foods and snakes were eaten from, but a low-preference food (carrot) under snakes went untouched by all subjects. The results suggest that group-members evaluate potential risks and benefits of competing for a restricted resource, and that dominance status, while an important factor, is only one element in the equation. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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809 |
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Author |
Brannon, E.M.; Terrace, H.S. |
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Title |
Ordering of the numerosities 1 to 9 by monkeys |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
282 |
Issue |
5389 |
Pages |
746-749 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Discrimination (Psychology); Macaca mulatta/*psychology; *Mathematics; *Mental Processes |
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Abstract |
A fundamental question in cognitive science is whether animals can represent numerosity (a property of a stimulus that is defined by the number of discriminable elements it contains) and use numerical representations computationally. Here, it was shown that rhesus monkeys represent the numerosity of visual stimuli and detect their ordinal disparity. Two monkeys were first trained to respond to exemplars of the numerosities 1 to 4 in an ascending numerical order (1 --> 2 --> 3 --> 4). As a control for non-numerical cues, exemplars were varied with respect to size, shape, and color. The monkeys were later tested, without reward, on their ability to order stimulus pairs composed of the novel numerosities 5 to 9. Both monkeys responded in an ascending order to the novel numerosities. These results show that rhesus monkeys represent the numerosities 1 to 9 on an ordinal scale. |
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Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. liz@psych.columbia.edu |
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0036-8075 |
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PMID:9784133 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
606 |
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Author |
Brannon, E.M.; Terrace, H.S. |
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Title |
Representation of the numerosities 1-9 by rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
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26 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
31-49 |
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Animals; *Cognition; Macaca mulatta/*psychology; *Mathematics; Perception; Reaction Time |
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Abstract |
Three rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were trained to respond to exemplars of 1, 2, 3, and 4 in an ascending, descending, or a nonmonotonic numerical order (1-->2-->3-->4, 4-->3-->2--1, 3-->1-->4-->2). The monkeys were then tested on their ability to order pairs of the novel numerosities 5-9. In Experiment 1, all 3 monkeys ordered novel exemplars of the numerosities 1-4 in ascending or descending order. The attempt to train a nonmonotonic order (3-->1-->4-->2) failed. In Experiment 2A, the 2 monkeys who learned the ascending numerical rule ordered pairs of the novel numerosities 5-9 on unreinforced trials. The monkey who learned the descending numerical rule failed to extrapolate the descending rule to new numerosities. In Experiment 2B all 3 monkeys ordered novel exemplars of pairs of the numerosities 5-9. Accuracy and latency of responding revealed distance and magnitude effects analogous to previous findings with human participants (R. S. Moyer & T. K. Landaeur, 1967). Collectively these studies show that monkeys represent the numerosities 1-9 on at least an ordinal scale. |
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Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA. liz@psych.columbia.edu |
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0097-7403 |
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PMID:10650542 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2775 |
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