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Author  |
Dargatz, D.A.; Traub-Dargatz, J.L. |
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Title |
Multidrug-resistant Salmonella and nosocomial infections |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract |
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Volume |
20 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
587-600 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology; Cross Infection/prevention & control/*veterinary; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control/veterinary; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; *Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Horse Diseases/*drug therapy/transmission; Horses; Infection Control/methods; Microbial Sensitivity Tests/veterinary; Salmonella/*drug effects; Salmonella Infections, Animal/*drug therapy/transmission |
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Abstract |
Nosocomial infections are a serious threat to optimum patient care. In addition, nosocomial infections can have far-reaching consequences for the hospital personnel and the financial aspects of the hospital. Nosocomial infections with Salmonella spp have been described among hospitalized equine populations more frequently than any other agent. Salmonella spp associated with hospitalized equids often possess more antimicrobial resistance determinants than do Salmonella spp isolated from healthy horses in the general population. There is little evidence to suggest that resistant salmonellae are more virulent than nonresistant forms. MDR forms of Salmonella complicate the selection of appropriate antimicrobials when they are indicated, however. Furthermore, the use of some antimicrobials may apply selection pressure toward enhanced ability of MDR Salmonella to colonize equine patients. Further research should help to elucidate the risky uses of antimicrobials in the hospital setting and define the role of disinfectants and treatments such as NSAIDs in the ecology of MDR forms of nosocomial infections, including Salmonella. In the meantime, thoughtful selection of when and how to use antimicrobials in equine patients, together with deliberate selection of which antimicrobials to use based on monitoring data and other factors, such as safety and spectrum, is advised. |
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Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, United States Department of Agriculture, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building MS 2E7, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA. david.a.dargatz@aphis.usda.gov |
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0749-0739 |
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PMID:15519820 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2632 |
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Author |
Dart, A.J.; Snyder, J.R.; Pascoe, J.R.; Meagher, D.M.; Wilson, W.D. |
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Title |
Prepurchase evaluation of horses: 134 cases (1988-1990) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
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Volume |
201 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1061-1067 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Follow-Up Studies; Horse Diseases/*diagnosis/radiography; Horses; Interviews; Lameness, Animal/*diagnosis/radiography; Physical Examination/*veterinary; Retrospective Studies; Telephone |
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Abstract |
To quantify some components of prepurchase evaluations in horses, records from 134 evaluations performed during a 2-year period were reviewed and the outcome was determined via telephone follow-up interview. Sixty-two percent of the prepurchase evaluations had been performed at the clinic and 38% had been performed in the field by the ambulatory service. All evaluations included physical and lameness examinations, whereas radiography (49%), endoscopy (15%), nerve blocking (5%), transrectal palpation (3%), hematologic analysis (2%), electrocardiography (2%), drug testing for analgesic agents (2%), and ultrasonography of the flexor tendons (1%) were not always performed. Fifty-nine percent of horses evaluated at the clinic were radiographed, compared with 33% of horses evaluated in the field (P less than 0.05). Thirty-seven percent of horses evaluated were judged serviceable for their intended use. Thirty-five percent of horses evaluated at the clinic were assessed to be serviceable, compared with 41% of those evaluated in the field (P less than 0.05). Horses used for pleasure riding (48%) tended to be considered serviceable more often than horses used for more athletic endeavors (3-day eventing, 33%; hunter/jumper, 24%; show, 31%; dressage, 30%). The most common basis for finding a horse unserviceable was lameness (88%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) |
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Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis 95616 |
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0003-1488 |
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PMID:1429136 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3753 |
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Author |
Dauphin, G.; Zientara, S.; Zeller, H.; Murgue, B. |
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Title |
West Nile: worldwide current situation in animals and humans |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases |
Abbreviated Journal |
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
343-355 |
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Keywords |
Americas/epidemiology; Animals; Birds/virology; Culex/*virology; *Disease Outbreaks; Disease Reservoirs; Europe/epidemiology; Horses/virology; Humans; Insect Vectors/*virology; Middle East/epidemiology; West Nile Fever/*epidemiology/*veterinary/virology; West Nile virus/*growth & development |
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Abstract |
West Nile (WN) virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is native to Africa, Europe, and Western Asia. It mainly circulates among birds, but can infect many species of mammals, as well as amphibians and reptiles. Epidemics can occur in rural as well as urban areas. Transmission of WN virus, sometimes involving significant mortality in humans and horses, has been documented at erratic intervals in many countries, but never in the New World until it appeared in New York City in 1999. During the next four summers it spread with incredible speed to large portions of 46 US states, and to Canada, Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. In many respects, WN virus is an outstanding example of a zoonotic pathogen that has leaped geographical barriers and can cause severe disease in human and equine. In Europe, in the past two decades there have been a number of significant outbreaks in several countries. However, very little is known of the ecology and natural history of WN virus transmission in Europe and most WN outbreaks in humans and animals remain unpredictable and difficult to control. |
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AFSSA Alfort, UMR1161 (INRA-AFSSA-ENVA), 22 rue Pierre Curie, BP 63, 94703 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France |
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0147-9571 |
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Notes |
PMID:15225984 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2635 |
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Author |
Davies, H.M.S. |
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Title |
The timing and distribution of strains around the surface of the midshaft of the third metacarpal bone during treadmill exercise in one Thoroughbred racehorse |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Australian Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Aust Vet J |
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Volume |
83 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
157-162 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Exercise Test/veterinary; Female; Gait/*physiology; Horses/*physiology; Metacarpus/*physiology; Motor Activity/physiology; Physical Conditioning, Animal/*physiology; Stress, Mechanical; Weight-Bearing/physiology |
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OBJECTIVE: To confirm that the midshaft dorsal cortex of the third metacarpal bone experienced higher compressive strains during fast exercise than the medial or lateral cortices, and that the strain peak occurred earlier in the hoof-down phase of the stride on the dorsal cortex than the medial or lateral cortices. DESIGN: Observations of a single horse. PROCEDURE: Strains were collected from a single, sound, 3-year-old Thoroughbred mare during treadmill exercise from rosette strain gauges implanted onto the medial, lateral and dorsal surfaces of the midshaft of the right cannon bone, simultaneously with data from a hoof switch that showed when the hoof was in the stance phase. RESULTS: Peak compressive strains on the dorsal surface of the third metacarpal bone were proportional to exercise speed and occurred at about 30% of stance. Peak compressive strains on the medial surface of the non-lead limb reached a maximum at a speed around 10 m/s and occurred at mid-stance. Peak compressive strains on the lateral surface varied in timing and size between strides at all exercise speeds, but remained less than -2000 microstrains. CONCLUSIONS: The timing of peak compressive strains on the dorsal cortex suggests a relationship to deceleration of the limb following hoof impact, so the main determinants of their size would be exercise speed and turning (as shown in previous experiments). This experiment confirms data from other laboratories that were published but not discussed, that peak compressive strains on the medial surface occur at mid-stance. This suggests that they are related to the support of body weight. The strains on the lateral cortex occurred at variable times so may be associated with the maintenance of balance as well as the support of body weight. Understanding the loading of the third metacarpal bone will help to determine causes of damage to it and ways in which the bone might be conditioned to prevent such damage. |
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Department of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010. h.davies@unimelb.edu.au |
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0005-0423 |
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Notes |
PMID:15825628 |
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no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1891 |
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Author |
Davies, R.B.; Clark, G.G. |
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Title |
Trypanosomes from elk and horse flies in New Mexico |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Journal of Wildlife Diseases |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Wildl Dis |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
63-65 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Artiodactyla; Blood/microbiology; *Diptera; Ecology; *Insect Vectors; New Mexico; Trypanosoma/*isolation & purification; Trypanosomiasis/microbiology/*veterinary |
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ISSN |
0090-3558 |
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Notes |
PMID:4810218 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2709 |
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Author |
Dawson, B.V.; Foss, B.M. |
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Title |
Observational learning in budgerigars |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1965 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
470-474 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Attention; *Behavior, Animal; Birds; *Learning |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2991 |
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Author |
De Boyer Des Roches, A.; Richard-Yris, M.-A.; Henry, S.; Ezzaouia, M.; Hausberger, M. |
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Title |
Laterality and emotions: visual laterality in the domestic horse (Equus caballus) differs with objects' emotional value |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Physiology & Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol. Behav. |
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Volume |
94 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
487-490 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Newborn; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Dominance, Ocular/*physiology; *Emotions; Exploratory Behavior/physiology; Female; Horses/*physiology; Olfactory Pathways/physiology; Pattern Recognition, Visual/*physiology; Photic Stimulation; Pregnancy; Statistics, Nonparametric; Visual Fields/physiology |
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Abstract |
Lateralization of emotions has received great attention in the last decades, both in humans and animals, but little interest has been given to side bias in perceptual processing. Here, we investigated the influence of the emotional valence of stimuli on visual and olfactory explorations by horses, a large mammalian species with two large monocular visual fields and almost complete decussation of optic fibres. We confronted 38 Arab mares to three objects with either a positive, negative or neutral emotional valence (novel object). The results revealed a gradient of exploration of the 3 objects according to their emotional value and a clear asymmetry in visual exploration. When exploring the novel object, mares used preferentially their right eyes, while they showed a slight tendency to use their left eyes for the negative object. No asymmetry was evidenced for the object with the positive valence. A trend for an asymmetry in olfactory investigation was also observed. Our data confirm the role of the left hemisphere in assessing novelty in horses like in many vertebrate species and the possible role of the right hemisphere in processing negative emotional responses. Our findings also suggest the importance of both hemispheres in the processing positive emotions. This study is, to our knowledge, the first to demonstrate clearly that the emotional valence of a stimulus induces a specific visual lateralization pattern. |
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Address |
UMR CNRS 6552 Ethologie-Evolution-Ecologie, Universite de Rennes 1, Avenue du General Leclerc, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France. a.de-boyer@wanadoo.fr |
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0031-9384 |
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PMID:18455205 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4762 |
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Author |
De Stoppelaire, G.H.; Gillespie, T.W.; Brock, J.C.; Tobin, G.A. |
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Title |
Use of remote sensing techniques to determine the effects of grazing on vegetation cover and dune elevation at Assateague Island National Seashore: impact of horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Environmental Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ Manage |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
642-649 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild; Conservation of Natural Resources; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; *Feeding Behavior; *Horses; Maryland; Plants/*growth & development; Population Dynamics; Silicon Dioxide; *Soil |
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Abstract |
The effects of grazing by feral horses on vegetation and dune topography at Assateague Island National Seashore were investigated using color-infrared imagery, lidar surveys, and field measurements. Five pairs of fenced and unfenced plots (300 m2) established in 1993 on sand flats and small dunes with similar elevation, topography, and vegetation cover were used for this study. Color-infrared imagery from 1998 and field measurements from 2001 indicated that there was a significant difference in vegetation cover between the fenced and unfenced plot-pairs over the study period. Fenced plots contained a higher percentage of vegetation cover that was dominated by American beachgrass (Ammophila breviligulata). Lidar surveys from 1997, 1999, and 2000 showed that there were significant differences in elevation and topography between fenced and unfenced plot-pairs. Fenced plots were, on average, 0.63 m higher than unfenced plots, whereas unfenced plots had generally decreased in elevation after establishment in 1993. Results demonstrate that feral horse grazing has had a significant impact on dune formation and has contributed to the erosion of dunes at Assateague Island. The findings suggest that unless the size of the feral horse population is reduced, grazing will continue to foster unnaturally high rates of dune erosion into the future. In order to maintain the natural processes that historically occurred on barrier islands, much larger fenced exclosures would be required to prevent horse grazing. |
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US Geological Survey, Center for Coastal and Watershed Studies, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA. georgia.destoppelaire@my.FWC.com |
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0364-152X |
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Notes |
PMID:15633024 |
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Serial |
1896 |
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Author |
de Waal, F.B. |
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Title |
Primates--A natural heritage of conflict resolution |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
289 |
Issue |
5479 |
Pages |
586-590 |
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Keywords |
Aggression/*psychology; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Conflict (Psychology); Female; Humans; Male; *Primates; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance |
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Abstract |
The traditional notion of aggression as an antisocial instinct is being replaced by a framework that considers it a tool of competition and negotiation. When survival depends on mutual assistance, the expression of aggression is constrained by the need to maintain beneficial relationships. Moreover, evolution has produced ways of countering its disruptive consequences. For example, chimpanzees kiss and embrace after fights, and other nonhuman primates engage in similar “reconciliations.” Theoretical developments in this field carry implications for human aggression research. From families to high schools, aggressive conflict is subject to the same constraints known of cooperative animal societies. It is only when social relationships are valued that one can expect the full complement of natural checks and balances. |
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Address |
Living Links, Center for the Advanced Study of Human and Ape Evolution, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, and Psychology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. dewaal@emory.edu |
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0036-8075 |
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Notes |
PMID:10915614 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
187 |
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Author |
de Waal, F.B. |
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Title |
Cultural primatology comes of age |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
399 |
Issue |
6737 |
Pages |
635-636 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Culture; Humans; Pan troglodytes/*physiology |
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0028-0836 |
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PMID:10385107 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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196 |
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