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Author |
Branchi, I.; Bichler, Z.; Berger-Sweeney, J.; Ricceri, L. |
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Title |
Animal models of mental retardation: from gene to cognitive function |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews |
Abbreviated Journal |
Neurosci Biobehav Rev |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
141-153 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified/growth & development; Behavior/physiology; Behavior, Animal; Brain/*growth & development; Cognition/*physiology; *Disease Models, Animal; Environment; Genes; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/physiopathology; Humans; Mental Retardation/classification/*genetics/*physiopathology |
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Abstract  |
About 2-3% of all children are affected by mental retardation, and genetic conditions rank among the leading causes of mental retardation. Alterations in the information encoded by genes that regulate critical steps of brain development can disrupt the normal course of development, and have profound consequences on mental processes. Genetically modified mouse models have helped to elucidate the contribution of specific gene alterations and gene-environment interactions to the phenotype of several forms of mental retardation. Mouse models of several neurodevelopmental pathologies, such as Down and Rett syndromes and X-linked forms of mental retardation, have been developed. Because behavior is the ultimate output of brain, behavioral phenotyping of these models provides functional information that may not be detectable using molecular, cellular or histological evaluations. In particular, the study of ontogeny of behavior is recommended in mouse models of disorders having a developmental onset. Identifying the role of specific genes in neuropathologies provides a framework in which to understand key stages of human brain development, and provides a target for potential therapeutic intervention. |
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Section of Behavioural Pathophysiology, Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia di Organo e di Sistema, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy. branchi@iss.it |
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0149-7634 |
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PMID:12732230 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2805 |
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Author |
Gibbs, P.G.; Cohen, N.D. |
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Title |
Early management of race-bred weanlings and yearlings on farms |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Equine Vet. Sci. |
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Volume |
21 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
279-283 |
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Keywords |
Equine, management, growth, nutrition, marketing |
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Abstract |
A total of 58 Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse farms
that managed 1,987 weanlings and yearlings responded to
a survey designed to better characterize early management
of racing prospects. Average age at weaning was 5.5 months
and over half of all farms kept almost three-fourths of all
weanlings to be placed in pre-race training. Variation in
feeding practices was evident and while well over half
of all farms provided balanced nutrient supply to young
horses, 20% to 40% likely fed unbalanced diets. An obvious
preference existed for semi-confinement in young horses
with plenty of free exercise. The majority of farms reported
that young prospects were fed and managed for a moderate
rate of growth. Forced exercise occurred to a much larger
extent with yearlings than weanlings and 40% of farms
described the footing as soft, but not deep. Response to the
prevalence of developmental orthopedic diseases appeared
somewhat guarded, and average injury rate was low on
farms that attributed much of injury to horses playing too
hard. Technological advancements such as photoperiod
manipulation in broodmares were widely used, while
valuable tools such as body condition scoring were utilized
to a lesser extent. |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5758 |
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Author |
Barton, M.D.; Hughes, K.L. |
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Title |
Ecology of Rhodococcus equi |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1984 |
Publication |
Veterinary Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Microbiol |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
65-76 |
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Keywords |
Actinomycetales/growth & development/immunology/*isolation & purification; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Antigens, Bacterial/immunology; Artiodactyla/*microbiology; Australia; Digestive System/microbiology; Ecology; Feces/*microbiology; Horses/*microbiology; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Rabbits/microbiology; *Soil Microbiology |
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Abstract |
A selective broth enrichment technique was used to study the distribution of Rhodococcus equi in soil and grazing animals. Rhodococcus equi was isolated from 54% of soils examined and from the gut contents, rectal faeces and dung of all grazing herbivorous species examined. Rhodococcus equi was not isolated from the faeces or dung of penned animals which did not have access to grazing. The isolation rate from dung was much higher than from other samples and this was found to be due to the ability of R. equi to multiply more readily in dung. Delayed hypersensitivity tests were carried out on horses, sheep and cattle, but only horses reacted significantly. The physiological characteristics of R. equi and the nature of its distribution in the environment suggested that R. equi is a soil organism. |
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ISSN |
0378-1135 |
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Notes |
PMID:6719819 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2688 |
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Author |
No authors listed |
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Title |
Workshop on the geographic spread of Aedes albopictus in Europe and the concern among public health authorities. Proceedings of a workshop held at the Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy, 19-20 December 1994 |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Parassitologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Parassitologia |
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Volume |
37 |
Issue |
2-3 |
Pages |
87-90 |
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Keywords |
*Aedes/growth & development/parasitology/virology; African horse sickness virus; Animals; Commerce; Dengue Virus; Dirofilaria; Disease Reservoirs; Ecology; Europe; Humans; *Insect Vectors/growth & development/parasitology/virology; Italy; *Mosquito Control/methods/organization & administration; Public Health; Rift Valley fever virus |
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English |
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ISSN |
0048-2951 |
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Notes |
PMID:8778669 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2659 |
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Author |
Strickman, D. |
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Title |
Notes on Tabanidae (Diptera) from Paraguay |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of Medical Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Med Entomol |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
399-402 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Cattle; Diptera/*growth & development; Dogs; Ecology; Female; Geography; Horses; Humans; Insect Bites and Stings/epidemiology/veterinary; Male; Paraguay |
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English |
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ISSN |
0022-2585 |
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Notes |
PMID:7154018 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2690 |
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Author |
Callinan, A.P. |
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Title |
The ecology of the free-living stages of Trichostrongylus axei |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1978 |
Publication |
International Journal for Parasitology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Parasitol |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
453-456 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Ecology; Horses; Larva/growth & development; Sheep; Trichostrongyloidea/*growth & development |
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English |
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ISSN |
0020-7519 |
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Notes |
PMID:748218 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2697 |
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Author |
Polyanskaya, A.I.; Ovchinnikov, V.V. |
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Title |
Rate of growth and size of the brain of the horse mackerel |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1974 |
Publication |
The Soviet Journal of Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sov J Ecol |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
256-257 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Body Weight; *Brain; Ecology; Fishes/*growth & development; Genetics, Population; Organ Size |
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0096-7807 |
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Notes |
PMID:4825911 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2708 |
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Author |
Chmel, L.; Hasilikova, A.; Hrasko, J.; Vlacilikova, A. |
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Title |
The influence of some ecological factors on keratinophilic fungi in the soil |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1972 |
Publication |
Sabouraudia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sabouraudia |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
26-34 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Arthrodermataceae/growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism; Carbohydrates; Czechoslovakia; Ecology; Fungi/growth & development/*isolation & purification/metabolism; Hair; Horses; Humic Substances; Humidity; Keratins/metabolism; Microsporum/isolation & purification; Mitosporic Fungi/isolation & purification; Phosphates; Seasons; Soil; *Soil Microbiology; Species Specificity; Temperature; Trichophyton/isolation & purification |
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0036-2174 |
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Notes |
PMID:5063162 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2719 |
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Author |
Wilhelm, W.E.; Anderson, J.H. |
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Title |
Vahlkampfia lobospinosa (Craig. 1912) Craig. 1913: rediscovery of a coprozoic ameba |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1971 |
Publication |
The Journal of Parasitology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Parasitol |
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Volume |
57 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1378-1379 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Cattle; Ecology; Feces/microbiology; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses; Protozoan Infections/epidemiology; *Protozoan Infections, Animal; Sarcodina/*classification/growth & development; Swine; Swine Diseases/epidemiology; Tennessee |
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English |
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ISSN |
0022-3395 |
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Notes |
PMID:5157177 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2724 |
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Author |
Malek, E.A. |
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Title |
The life cycle of Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus (Cobbold, 1876) Looss, 1896 (Trematoda: Paramphistomatidae: Gastrodiscinae) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1971 |
Publication |
The Journal of Parasitology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Parasitol |
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Volume |
57 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
975-979 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Bulinus; *Disease Vectors; Ecology; Feces; Female; Horse Diseases/*etiology; Horses; Metamorphosis, Biological; Ovum; Parasite Egg Count; Perissodactyla; Sudan; Trematoda/anatomy & histology/growth & development; Trematode Infections/etiology/*veterinary |
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ISSN |
0022-3395 |
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Notes |
PMID:5167379 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2726 |
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