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Author |
Hughes, K.L.; Sulaiman, I. |
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Title |
The ecology of Rhodococcus equi and physicochemical influences on growth |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Veterinary Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Microbiol |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
241-250 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Feces/microbiology; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Rhodococcus/*growth & development; *Soil Microbiology; Temperature |
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Abstract  |
Growth of Rhodococcus equi was studied in vitro. Optimal growth occurred under aerobic conditions between pH 7.0 and 8.5, at 30 degrees C. R. equi survived better in a neutral soil (pH 7.3) than it did in two acid soils (pH less than 5.5). It grew substantially better in soils enriched with faeces than in soils alone. Simple organic acids in horse dung, especially acetate and propionate, appear to be important in supporting growth of R. equi in the environment. The ecology of R. equi can be best explained by an environmental cycle allowing its proliferation in dung, influenced by management, grazing behaviour and prevailing climatic conditions. Preventive measures should be aimed at reducing or avoiding focal areas of faecal contamination in the environment. |
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School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia |
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English |
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0378-1135 |
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PMID:3672866 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2678 |
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Author |
Santos, L.R.; Miller, C.T.; Hauser, M.D. |
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Title |
Representing tools: how two non-human primate species distinguish between the functionally relevant and irrelevant features of a tool |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
269-281 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Discrimination Learning; Female; Form Perception/*physiology; Habituation, Psychophysiologic/*physiology; Imitative Behavior; Macaca mulatta/*growth & development/*psychology; Male; Motor Skills; Practice (Psychology); Saguinus/*growth & development/*psychology; Species Specificity |
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Abstract |
Few studies have examined whether non-human tool-users understand the properties that are relevant for a tool's function. We tested cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) on an expectancy violation procedure designed to assess whether these species make distinctions between the functionally relevant and irrelevant features of a tool. Subjects watched an experimenter use a tool to push a grape down a ramp, and then were presented with different displays in which the features of the original tool (shape, color, orientation) were selectively varied. Results indicated that both species looked longer when a newly shaped stick acted on the grape than when a newly colored stick performed the same action, suggesting that both species perceive shape as a more salient transformation than color. In contrast, tamarins, but not rhesus, attended to changes in the tool's orientation. We propose that some non-human primates begin with a predisposition to attend to a tool's shape and, with sufficient experience, develop a more sophisticated understanding of the features that are functionally relevant to tools. |
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Address |
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. laurie.santos@yale.edu |
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English |
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ISSN |
1435-9448 |
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Notes |
PMID:12736800 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2570 |
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Author |
Stamps, J.A. |
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Title |
Growth-mortality tradeoffs and 'personality traits' in animals |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Ecology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol Lett |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
355-363 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Growth; *Mortality; *Personality |
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Abstract |
Consistent individual differences in boldness, reactivity, aggressiveness, and other 'personality traits' in animals are stable within individuals but vary across individuals, for reasons which are currently obscure. Here, I suggest that consistent individual differences in growth rates encourage consistent individual differences in behavior patterns that contribute to growth-mortality tradeoffs. This hypothesis predicts that behavior patterns that increase both growth and mortality rates (e.g. foraging under predation risk, aggressive defense of feeding territories) will be positively correlated with one another across individuals, that selection for high growth rates will increase mean levels of potentially risky behavior across populations, and that within populations, faster-growing individuals will take more risks in foraging contexts than slower-growing individuals. Tentative empirical support for these predictions suggests that a growth-mortality perspective may help explain some of the consistent individual differences in behavioral traits that have been reported in fish, amphibians, reptiles, and other animals with indeterminate growth. |
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Address |
University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. jastamps@ucdavis.edu |
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English |
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ISSN |
1461-0248 |
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Notes |
PMID:17498134 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4100 |
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Author |
Eisgruber, H.; Stolle, F.A. |
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Title |
[Clostridia in carcasses and fresh meat--a literature review] |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. Series B |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zentralbl Veterinarmed B |
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Volume |
39 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
746-754 |
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Keywords |
Abattoirs; Animals; Cattle; Clostridium/*growth & development; *Food Microbiology; Horses; Meat/*microbiology; Muscles/*microbiology; Sheep; Swine |
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Abstract |
Clostridia are of large clinical importance as well as in the field of food hygiene, where they are responsible for spoilage but they also have a certain significance as food poisoning organisms. Information on the ecology of Clostridia in samples of deep muscle tissue of slaughtered animals is insufficient. This article is intended to increase the knowledge on the occurrence of different Clostridia species in slaughtered animals. The main emphasis is put on the significance of clostridia in meat hygiene. The theoretical basis of the so called original content of microorganisms (intrinsic bacteria), the factors and pathways of Clostridia spreading in muscles and organs are demonstrated. |
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Institut fur Hygiene und Technologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen |
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German |
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Original Title |
Clostridien in Schlachttierkorpern und frischem Fleisch--Eine Literaturubersicht |
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ISSN |
0514-7166 |
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Notes |
PMID:1492516 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2668 |
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Author |
Swanson, J.C. |
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Title |
Farm animal well-being and intensive production systems |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
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Volume |
73 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
2744-2751 |
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Keywords |
Animal Husbandry/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards; Animal Rights/legislation & jurisprudence/standards; Animal Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards; Animals; Animals, Domestic/*growth & development/*physiology; Breeding/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards; Cattle; Chickens; Environment; Reproduction/physiology; Sheep; Swine |
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Abstract |
Animal welfare, or well-being, is a social issue with ethical, scientific, political, and aesthetic properties. Answering questions about the welfare of animals requires scientific definition, assessment, solutions, and public acceptance. With respect to the actual well-being of the animal, most issues are centered on how the animal “feels” when managed within a specific level of confinement, during special agricultural practices (e.g., tail docking, beak trimming, etc.) and handling. Questions of this nature may require exploration of animal cognition, motivation, perception, and emotional states in addition to more commonly recognized indicators of well-being. Several general approaches have emerged for solving problems concerning animal well-being in intensive production systems: environmental, genetic, and therapeutic. Environmental approaches involve modifying existing systems to accommodate specific welfare concerns or development of alternative systems. Genetic approaches involve changing the behavioral and (or) physiological nature of the animal to reduce or eliminate behaviors that are undesirable within intensive system. Therapeutic approaches of a physical (tail docking, beak trimming) and physiological (drug and nutritional therapy) nature bring both concern and promise with regard to the reduction of confinement stress. Finally, the recent focus on commodity quality assurance programs may indirectly provide benefits for animal well-being. Although research in the area of animal well-being will provide important information for better animal management, handling, care, and the physical design of intensive production systems there is still some uncertainty regarding public acceptance. The aesthetics of modern intensive production systems may have as much to do with public acceptance as with science. |
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Address |
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA |
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English |
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ISSN |
0021-8812 |
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Notes |
PMID:8582867 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2752 |
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Author |
Branchi, I.; Bichler, Z.; Berger-Sweeney, J.; Ricceri, L. |
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Title |
Animal models of mental retardation: from gene to cognitive function |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews |
Abbreviated Journal |
Neurosci Biobehav Rev |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
141-153 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified/growth & development; Behavior/physiology; Behavior, Animal; Brain/*growth & development; Cognition/*physiology; *Disease Models, Animal; Environment; Genes; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/physiopathology; Humans; Mental Retardation/classification/*genetics/*physiopathology |
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Abstract |
About 2-3% of all children are affected by mental retardation, and genetic conditions rank among the leading causes of mental retardation. Alterations in the information encoded by genes that regulate critical steps of brain development can disrupt the normal course of development, and have profound consequences on mental processes. Genetically modified mouse models have helped to elucidate the contribution of specific gene alterations and gene-environment interactions to the phenotype of several forms of mental retardation. Mouse models of several neurodevelopmental pathologies, such as Down and Rett syndromes and X-linked forms of mental retardation, have been developed. Because behavior is the ultimate output of brain, behavioral phenotyping of these models provides functional information that may not be detectable using molecular, cellular or histological evaluations. In particular, the study of ontogeny of behavior is recommended in mouse models of disorders having a developmental onset. Identifying the role of specific genes in neuropathologies provides a framework in which to understand key stages of human brain development, and provides a target for potential therapeutic intervention. |
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Address |
Section of Behavioural Pathophysiology, Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia di Organo e di Sistema, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy. branchi@iss.it |
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English |
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ISSN |
0149-7634 |
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Notes |
PMID:12732230 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2805 |
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Author |
Strickman, D. |
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Title |
Notes on Tabanidae (Diptera) from Paraguay |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of Medical Entomology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Med Entomol |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
399-402 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Cattle; Diptera/*growth & development; Dogs; Ecology; Female; Geography; Horses; Humans; Insect Bites and Stings/epidemiology/veterinary; Male; Paraguay |
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0022-2585 |
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Notes |
PMID:7154018 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2690 |
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Author |
Callinan, A.P. |
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Title |
The ecology of the free-living stages of Trichostrongylus axei |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1978 |
Publication |
International Journal for Parasitology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Parasitol |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
453-456 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Ecology; Horses; Larva/growth & development; Sheep; Trichostrongyloidea/*growth & development |
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ISSN |
0020-7519 |
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Notes |
PMID:748218 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2697 |
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Author |
Polyanskaya, A.I.; Ovchinnikov, V.V. |
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Title |
Rate of growth and size of the brain of the horse mackerel |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1974 |
Publication |
The Soviet Journal of Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sov J Ecol |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
256-257 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Body Weight; *Brain; Ecology; Fishes/*growth & development; Genetics, Population; Organ Size |
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0096-7807 |
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Notes |
PMID:4825911 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2708 |
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Author |
Ogbourne, C.P. |
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Title |
Variations in the fecundity of strongylid worms of the horse |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1971 |
Publication |
Parasitology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Parasitology |
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Volume |
63 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
289-298 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Newborn; Ecology; Feces; Female; Horses; Larva/growth & development; Male; Ovum; Parasite Egg Count; Reproduction; Seasons; Strongyle Infections, Equine/*etiology; Strongyloides/*growth & development; Time Factors |
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0031-1820 |
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Notes |
PMID:5129804 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2727 |
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