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	Author	Bergman, T.J.; Beehner, J.C.; Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M.
	Title	Hierarchical classification by rank and kinship in baboons			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2003	Publication	Science (New York, N.Y.)	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	302	Issue	5648	Pages	1234-1236
	Keywords	Animals; Animals, Wild; Botswana; Cognition; Family; Female; Hierarchy, Social; Language; *Papio/psychology; Social Dominance; Vocalization, Animal
	Abstract	Humans routinely classify others according to both their individual attributes, such as social status or wealth, and membership in higher order groups, such as families or castes. They also recognize that people's individual attributes may be influenced and regulated by their group affiliations. It is not known whether such rule-governed, hierarchical classifications are specific to humans or might also occur in nonlinguistic species. Here we show that baboons recognize that a dominance hierarchy can be subdivided into family groups. In playback experiments, baboons respond more strongly to call sequences mimicking dominance rank reversals between families than within families, indicating that they classify others simultaneously according to both individual rank and kinship. The selective pressures imposed by complex societies may therefore have favored cognitive skills that constitute an evolutionary precursor to some components of human cognition.
	Address	Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. thore@sas.upenn.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1095-9203	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:14615544			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	689
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	Author	Gary C. Jahn; Craig Packer,Robert Heinsohn
	Title	Lioness leadership			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1996	Publication	Science (New York, N.Y.)	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	271	Issue	5253	Pages	1216-1219
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior; Animal; Cooperative Behavior; Female; Lions/psychology; Territoriality
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0036-8075	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Jahn1996			Serial	2073
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	Author	Wood, J.N.; Glynn, D.D.; Phillips, B.C.; Hauser, M.D.
	Title	The Perception of Rational, Goal-Directed Action in Nonhuman Primates			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Science	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	317	Issue	5843	Pages	1402-1405
	Keywords
	Abstract	Humans are capable of making inferences about other individuals' intentions and goals by evaluating their actions in relation to the constraints imposed by the environment. This capacity enables humans to go beyond the surface appearance of behavior to draw inferences about an individual's mental states. Presently unclear is whether this capacity is uniquely human or is shared with other animals. We show that cotton-top tamarins, rhesus macaques, and chimpanzees all make spontaneous inferences about a human experimenter's goal by attending to the environmental constraints that guide rational action. These findings rule out simple associative accounts of action perception and show that our capacity to infer rational, goal-directed action likely arose at least as far back as the New World monkeys, some 40 million years ago.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4241
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	Author	Wood, J.N.; Glynn, D.D.; Phillips, B.C.; Hauser, M.D.
	Title	online material			Type	Miscellaneous
	Year	2007	Publication	Science	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	317	Issue	5843	Pages	1402-1405
	Keywords
	Abstract	Humans are capable of making inferences about other individuals' intentions and goals by evaluating their actions in relation to the constraints imposed by the environment. This capacity enables humans to go beyond the surface appearance of behavior to draw inferences about an individual's mental states. Presently unclear is whether this capacity is uniquely human or is shared with other animals. We show that cotton-top tamarins, rhesus macaques, and chimpanzees all make spontaneous inferences about a human experimenter's goal by attending to the environmental constraints that guide rational action. These findings rule out simple associative accounts of action perception and show that our capacity to infer rational, goal-directed action likely arose at least as far back as the New World monkeys, some 40 million years ago.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	10.1126/science.1144663			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4242
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	Author	Ash, C.; Chin, G.; Pennisi, E.; Sugden, A.
	Title	Living in Societies			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Science	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	317	Issue	5843	Pages	1337-
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4246
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	Author	Bednarz, J.C.
	Title	Cooperative Hunting Harris' Hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1988	Publication	Science	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	239	Issue	4847	Pages	1525-1527
	Keywords
	Abstract	Coordinated hunting by several individuals directed toward the capture and sharing of one Large prey animal has been documented convincingly only for a few mammalian carnivores. In New Mexico, Harris' hawks formed hunting parties of two to six individuals in the nonbreeding season. This behavior improved capture success and the average energy available per individual enabled hawks to dispatch prey larger than themselves. These patterns suggest that cooperation is important to understanding the evolution of complex social behavior in higher vertebrates and, specifically, that benefits derived from team hunting a key factor in the social living of Harris' hawks.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	10.1126/science.239.4847.1525			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4717
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	Author	Silk, J.B.; Alberts, S.C.; Altmann, J.
	Title	Social Bonds of Female Baboons Enhance Infant Survival			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2003	Publication	Science	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	302	Issue	5648	Pages	1231-1234
	Keywords
	Abstract	Among nonhuman primates, females often form strong bonds with kin and other group members. These relationships are thought to have adaptive value for females, but direct effects of sociality on fitness have never been demonstrated. We present 16 years of behavioral data from a well-studied population of wild baboons, which demonstrate that sociality of adult females is positively associated with infant survival, an important component of variation in female lifetime fitness. The effects of sociality on infant survival are independent of the effects of dominance rank, group membership, and environmental conditions. Our results are consistent with the evidence that social support has beneficial effects on human health and well-being across the life span. For humans and other primates, sociality has adaptive value.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	10.1126/science.1088580			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5151
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	Author	Hamilton, C.R.; Vermeire, B.A.
	Title	Complementary hemispheric specialization in monkeys			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1988	Publication	Science	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	242	Issue	4886	Pages	1691-1694
	Keywords
	Abstract	Twenty-five split-brain monkeys were taught to discriminate two types of visual stimuli that engage lateralized cerebral processing in human subjects. Differential lateralization for the two kinds of discriminations was found; the left hemisphere was better at distinguishing between tilted lines and the right hemisphere was better at discriminating faces. These results indicate that lateralization of cognitive processing appeared in primates independently of language or handedness. In addition, cerebral lateralization in monkeys may provide an appropriate model for studying the biological basis of hemispheric specialization.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5342
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	Author	Henry, S.; Fureix, C.; Rowberry, R.; Bateson, M.; Hausberger, M.
	Title	Do horses with poor welfare show 'pessimistic' cognitive biases?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2017	Publication	The Science of Nature	Abbreviated Journal	Sci. Nat.
	Volume	104	Issue	1	Pages	8
	Keywords
	Abstract	This field study tested the hypothesis that domestic horses living under putatively challenging-to-welfare conditions (for example involving social, spatial, feeding constraints) would present signs of poor welfare and co-occurring pessimistic judgement biases. Our subjects were 34 horses who had been housed for over 3 years in either restricted riding school situations (e.g. kept in single boxes, with limited roughage, ridden by inexperienced riders; N = 25) or under more naturalistic conditions (e.g. access to free-range, kept in stable social groups, leisure riding; N = 9). The horses' welfare was assessed by recording health-related, behavioural and postural indicators. Additionally, after learning a location task to discriminate a bucket containing either edible food ('positive' location) or unpalatable food ('negative' location), the horses were presented with a bucket located near the positive position, near the negative position and halfway between the positive and negative positions to assess their judgement biases. The riding school horses displayed the highest levels of behavioural and health-related problems and a pessimistic judgment bias, whereas the horses living under more naturalistic conditions displayed indications of good welfare and an optimistic bias. Moreover, pessimistic bias data strongly correlated with poor welfare data. This suggests that a lowered mood impacts a non-human species' perception of its environment and highlights cognitive biases as an appropriate tool to assess the impact of chronic living conditions on horse welfare.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1432-1904	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Henry2017			Serial	6665
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	Author	Whiten, A.; Boesch, C.
	Title	The cultures of chimpanzees			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2001	Publication	Scientific American	Abbreviated Journal	Sci Am
	Volume	284	Issue	1	Pages	60-67
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal; Culture; Feeding Behavior; Grooming; Hominidae; Humans; Pan troglodytes/physiology
	Abstract
	Address	University of St. Andrews
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0036-8733	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:11132425			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	740
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