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Author (up) Campitelli, S.; Carenzi, C.; Verga, M. doi  openurl
  Title Factors which influence parturition in the mare and development of the foal Type Journal Article
  Year 1982 Publication Applied Animal Ethology Abbreviated Journal Appl. Animal. Ethol.  
  Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages 7-14  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Observations are reported of 127 foals born to 127 mares. In particular, comparisons are made between the mare's tendency to foal at night, the length of gestation, the weight of the foal and the weight of the foetal membrane, the time taken by the foal to attain a standing position and the time taken by the mare to expel the foetal membrane and the age of the mare and the season.

The new facts that emerge from the results are: (a) foals from middle-aged (6–11 years) mares are heavier; (b) variations of gestation length are related to the month of conception (just a trend, not a statistically significant result); (c) time for the foal to stand is related to the foal sex (females: 56.3 minutes; males 70.6 minutes, on average), and to the time taken by the mare to expel the foetal membrane; (d) parturitions take place mainly (80%) during the hours of darkness. In spring, the percentage of night births (85%) is higher than in winter (78%).
 
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  Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 984  
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