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Author  |
Nelson, E.E.; Shelton, S.E.; Kalin, N.H. |
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Title |
Individual differences in the responses of naive rhesus monkeys to snakes |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Emotion (Washington, D.C.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Emotion |
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Volume |
3 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
3-11 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Arousal; Attention; Escape Reaction; *Fear; Female; Habituation, Psychophysiologic; *Individuality; Macaca mulatta/*psychology; Male; Phobic Disorders/psychology; *Snakes |
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Abstract |
The authors demonstrated individual differences in inhibited behavior and withdrawal responses of laboratory-born rhesus monkeys when initially exposed to a snake. Most monkeys displayed a small significant increase in their behavioral inhibition in the presence of a snake. A few monkeys had marked responses, and some actively withdrew. Although the responses of the most extreme laboratory-born monkeys were comparable to feral-born monkeys, the responses of the laboratory-born monkeys rapidly habituated. The individual differences in the responses of naive monkeys likely reflect a continuum from orienting to wariness to fear. A neurobiological model is presented that addresses potential mechanisms underlying these individual differences, their relation to fear, and how they may predispose to phobia development. |
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Address |
Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53719-1176, USA |
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Language |
English |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1528-3542 |
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Notes |
PMID:12899313 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4174 |
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