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Author (up) Nelson, E.E.; Shelton, S.E.; Kalin, N.H. openurl 
  Title Individual differences in the responses of naive rhesus monkeys to snakes Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Emotion (Washington, D.C.) Abbreviated Journal Emotion  
  Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 3-11  
  Keywords Animals; *Arousal; Attention; Escape Reaction; *Fear; Female; Habituation, Psychophysiologic; *Individuality; Macaca mulatta/*psychology; Male; Phobic Disorders/psychology; *Snakes  
  Abstract The authors demonstrated individual differences in inhibited behavior and withdrawal responses of laboratory-born rhesus monkeys when initially exposed to a snake. Most monkeys displayed a small significant increase in their behavioral inhibition in the presence of a snake. A few monkeys had marked responses, and some actively withdrew. Although the responses of the most extreme laboratory-born monkeys were comparable to feral-born monkeys, the responses of the laboratory-born monkeys rapidly habituated. The individual differences in the responses of naive monkeys likely reflect a continuum from orienting to wariness to fear. A neurobiological model is presented that addresses potential mechanisms underlying these individual differences, their relation to fear, and how they may predispose to phobia development.  
  Address Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53719-1176, USA  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1528-3542 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:12899313 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4174  
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